基于RMAN搭建DataGuard，使用Broker管理DataGuard

一、环境准备

1、数据库软件准备

（1）、在主节点，安装单机数据库软件并创建数据库。

（2）、在备库， 安装单机数据库软件， 但是不创建数据库。

2、操作系统配置

在/etc/hosts下面配置主机名。

$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.56.31 xiaohe_dg1
192.168.56.32 xiaohe_dg2

3、数据库部分参数

角色	主机名	数据库实例	db_domain
主库	xiaohe_dg1	xiaohe	xiaohe.com
备库	xiaohe_dg2	xiaohedg	xiaohe.com

二、配置数据库

1、主库打开数据库

SQL> startup

2、配置监听

（1）、设置db_domain

SQL> show parameter db_domain;
NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_domain			     string
SQL> 
SQL> alter system set db_domain='xiaohe.com' scope=spfile;
SQL> shutdown immediate     
SQL> startup
SQL> show parameter db_domain;
NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_domain			     string	 xiaohe.com

（2）、在主/备库设置监听

路径：$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

主库配置：

$ cat listener.ora 
LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xiaohe_dg1)(PORT=1521))))
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=xiaohe_DGMGRL.xiaohe.com)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0)
      (SID_NAME=xiaohe))
)

备库配置：

$ cat listener.ora 
LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xiaohe_dg2)(PORT=1521))))
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=xiaohedg_DGMGRL.xiaohe.com)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0)
      (SID_NAME=xiaohedg))
)

说明：GLOBAL_DBNAME为db_unique_name_DGMGRL.db_domain

（3）、启动主备库的监听

下面是备库的监听：

[oracle@xiaohe_dg2 admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 18-MAR-2017 18:32:48
Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/xiaohe_dg2/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xiaohe_dg2)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xiaohe_dg2)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                18-MAR-2017 18:32:49
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 1 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/xiaohe_dg2/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xiaohe_dg2)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "xiaohedg_DGMGRL.xiaohe.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "xiaohedg", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

监听实例必须是静态的， 因为数据库没有启动， 监听也是能够启动的。

3、配置tnsnames

（1）、监听的内容

$ cat tnsnames.ora 
xiaohe_dg1=
 (DESCRIPTION= 
  (ADDRESS_LIST=
   (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xiaohe_dg1)(PORT=1521)))
  (CONNECT_DATA=
   (SERVICE_NAME=xiaohe_DGMGRL.xiaohe.com))
)
xiaohe_dg2=
 (DESCRIPTION= 
  (ADDRESS_LIST=
   (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xiaohe_dg2)(PORT=1521)))
  (CONNECT_DATA=
   (SERVICE_NAME=xiaohedg_DGMGRL.xiaohe.com))
)

SERVICE_NAME可以通过lsnrctl status来查看。

（2）、在主库验证监听是否配置成功

[oracle@xiaohe_dg1 admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle123@xiaohe_dg1 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Mar 18 19:02:30 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>    

（3）、将主库的tnsnames配置文件传到备库

$ scp tnsnames.ora xiaohe_dg2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/
oracle@xiaohe_dg2's password: 
tnsnames.ora                                                        100%  333     0.3KB/s   00:00

4、开启主库的归档模式

（1）、新建归档目录

[oracle@xiaohe_dg1 oradata]$ mkdir archive
[oracle@xiaohe_dg1 oradata]$ cd archive/
[oracle@xiaohe_dg1 archive]$ pwd
/oradata/archive

（2）、开启归档

SQL> shutdown immediate
     
SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog;  
  
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/archive' scope=spfile;

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode	       Archive Mode
Automatic archival	       Enabled
Archive destination	       /oradata/archive
Oldest online log sequence     10
Next log sequence to archive   12
Current log sequence	       12

5、配置主备库数据、日志目录转换

SQL> alter system set db_file_name_convert='/oradata/xiaohedg','/oradata/xiaohe' scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set log_file_name_convert='/oradata/xiaohedg','/oradata/xiaohe' scope=spfile;

注意格式：alter system set log_file_name_convert='对端库的目录','当前库目录' scope=spfile;

6、设置闪回

设置闪回， 后面测试建立测试库。

（1）、新建闪回目录

[oracle@xiaohe_dg1 oradata]$ mkdir flash
[oracle@xiaohe_dg1 oradata]$ cd flash/
[oracle@xiaohe_dg1 flash]$ pwd
/oradata/flash

（2）、设置闪回参数

SQL> show parameter recover;
NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest		     string
db_recovery_file_dest_size	     big integer 0
db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking	     boolean	 TRUE
recovery_parallelism		     integer	 0

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=500M;
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/oradata/flash';

SQL> show parameter recover;
NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest		     string	 /oradata/flash
db_recovery_file_dest_size	     big integer 500M
db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking	     boolean	 TRUE
recovery_parallelism

7、设置standby的文件传输参数

如果设置为手动， 那么主库新建的表空间文件无法传到备库。

SQL> show parameter standby 
NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
standby_archive_dest		     string	 ?/dbs/arch
standby_file_management 	     string	 MANUAL

SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO;
SQL> show parameter standby;
NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
standby_archive_dest		     string	 ?/dbs/arch
standby_file_management 	     string	 AUTO

8、开启强制日志

SQL> alter database force logging;

9、开启闪回

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter database flashback on;
SQL> alter database open;

10、配置standby log参数

创建4组standby 日志， 比原日志数目多一个。

SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 '/oradata/xiaohe/std_redo04.log' size 50M;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 '/oradata/xiaohe/std_redo05.log' size 50M;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/oradata/xiaohe/std_redo06.log' size 50M;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 '/oradata/xiaohe/std_redo07.log' size 50M;

11、生成参数文件pfile

（1）、生成pfile文件

SQL> create pfile='/oradata/initxiaohedg.ora' from spfile;

（2）、传送pfile到备库的dbs目录下面

$ scp initxiaohedg.ora xiaohe_dg2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/
oracle@xiaohe_dg2's password: 
initxiaohedg.ora 

12、传送密码文件到备库

$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@xiaohe_dg1 dbs]$ scp orapwxiaohe xiaohe_dg2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/orapwxiaohedg
oracle@xiaohe_dg2's password: 
orapwxiaohe 

注意：密码文件传过去， 一定要改名字。

13、在备库修改pfile文件

[oracle@xiaohe_dg2 dbs]$ cat initxiaohedg.ora 
xiaohe.__db_cache_size=327155712
xiaohe.__java_pool_size=4194304
xiaohe.__large_pool_size=4194304
xiaohe.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
xiaohe.__pga_aggregate_target=339738624
xiaohe.__sga_target=503316480
xiaohe.__shared_io_pool_size=0
xiaohe.__shared_pool_size=155189248
xiaohe.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/xiaohe/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/oradata/xiaohedg/control01.ctl','/oradata/xiaohedg/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain='xiaohe.com'
*.db_file_name_convert='/oradata/xiaohe','/oradata/xiaohedg'
*.db_name='xiaohe'
*.db_unique_name='xiaohedg'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=524288000
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oradata/flash'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=xiaoheXDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/archive'
*.log_file_name_convert='/oradata/xiaohe','/oradata/xiaohedg'
*.memory_target=839909376
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

修改的地方：

（1）、*.audit_file_dest：目录不存在， 重新创建

（2）、*.control_files：修改控制文件的目录，并创建目录/oradata/xiaohedg

（3）、*.db_file_name_convert 和 *.log_file_name_convert的对端库和当前库的目录位置互换。

（4）、*.log_archive_dest_1目录不存在， 需要创建。

（4）、新增一个条目：*.db_unique_name='xiaohedg'

14、在备库启动实例

生成启动文件spfile， 下次启动时候能自动选择spfile启动。

将数据库启动到nomount。

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size		    2233000 bytes
Variable Size		  494931288 bytes
Database Buffers	  339738624 bytes
Redo Buffers		    2379776 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
SQL> show parameter spfile;
NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile				     string
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size		    2233000 bytes
Variable Size		  494931288 bytes
Database Buffers	  339738624 bytes
Redo Buffers		    2379776 bytes

在主库多切换几次日志：

SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> /

15、检查并重启主库

（1）、重启主库， 查看能否正常启动。

（2）、检查主备库的db_name是否一致。

db_name必须一样， db_unique_name不能一样。

（3）、检查网络：

$ sqlplus sys/oracle123@xiaohe_dg1 as sysdba;
$ sqlplus sys/oracle123@xiaohe_dg2 as sysdba;

（4）、检查目录转换

SQL> show  parameter  convert;

16、使用rman

[oracle@xiaohe_dg1 dbs]$ rman target  sys/oracle123@xiaohe_dg1  auxiliary sys/oracle123@xiaohe_dg2
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Mar 18 20:21:06 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: XIAOHE (DBID=4061739917)
connected to auxiliary database: XIAOHE (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 18-MAR-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy reuse
   targetfile  '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/orapwxiaohe' auxiliary format 
 '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/orapwxiaohedg'   ;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 18-MAR-17
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=38 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 18-MAR-17
contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format  '/oradata/xiaohedg/control01.ctl';
   restore clone controlfile to  '/oradata/xiaohedg/control02.ctl' from 
 '/oradata/xiaohedg/control01.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 18-MAR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/snapcf_xiaohe.f tag=TAG20170318T202332 RECID=2 STAMP=938982213
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 18-MAR-17
Starting restore at 18-MAR-17
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 18-MAR-17
contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for tempfile  1 to 
 "/oradata/xiaohedg/temp01.dbf";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   set newname for datafile  1 to 
 "/oradata/xiaohedg/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  2 to 
 "/oradata/xiaohedg/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  3 to 
 "/oradata/xiaohedg/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  4 to 
 "/oradata/xiaohedg/users01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  5 to 
 "/oradata/xiaohedg/example01.dbf";
   backup as copy reuse
   datafile  1 auxiliary format 
 "/oradata/xiaohedg/system01.dbf"   datafile 
 2 auxiliary format 
 "/oradata/xiaohedg/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile 
 3 auxiliary format 
 "/oradata/xiaohedg/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile 
 4 auxiliary format 
 "/oradata/xiaohedg/users01.dbf"   datafile 
 5 auxiliary format 
 "/oradata/xiaohedg/example01.dbf"   ;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /oradata/xiaohedg/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 18-MAR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/xiaohe/system01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/xiaohedg/system01.dbf tag=TAG20170318T202342
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oradata/xiaohe/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/xiaohedg/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20170318T202342
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oradata/xiaohe/example01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/xiaohedg/example01.dbf tag=TAG20170318T202342
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oradata/xiaohe/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/xiaohedg/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20170318T202342
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oradata/xiaohe/users01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/xiaohedg/users01.dbf tag=TAG20170318T202342
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 18-MAR-17
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=938982344 file name=/oradata/xiaohedg/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=938982344 file name=/oradata/xiaohedg/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=938982344 file name=/oradata/xiaohedg/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=938982344 file name=/oradata/xiaohedg/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=938982344 file name=/oradata/xiaohedg/example01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 18-MAR-17

17、在备库应用日志

SQL> select status from v$instance ;    
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.

18、在主、备库启用broker

SQL> show parameter broker;
NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
dg_broker_config_file1		     string	 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
						 /dbs/dr1xiaohe.dat
dg_broker_config_file2		     string	 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
						 /dbs/dr2xiaohe.dat
dg_broker_start 		     boolean	 FALSE
SQL> alter system set dg_broker_start=true;
System altered.

19、进入broker， 并创建配置信息

$ dgmgrl sys/oracle123@xiaohe_dg1;

创建配置信息并启用：

DGMGRL> CREATE CONFIGURATION c1 AS
        PRIMARY DATABASE IS xiaohe
        CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS xiaohe_dg1;
DGMGRL> ADD DATABASE xiaohedg
        AS CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS xiaohe_dg2;

DGMGRL> ENABLE CONFIGURATION;

查看配置信息：

DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration - c1
  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Databases:
    xiaohe   - Primary database
    xiaohedg - Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS

查看详细信息：

DGMGRL> show configuration verbose;
Configuration - c1
  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Databases:
    xiaohe   - Primary database
    xiaohedg - Physical standby database
  Properties:
    FastStartFailoverThreshold      = '30'
    OperationTimeout                = '30'
    FastStartFailoverLagLimit       = '30'
    CommunicationTimeout            = '180'
    FastStartFailoverAutoReinstate  = 'TRUE'
    FastStartFailoverPmyShutdown    = 'TRUE'
    BystandersFollowRoleChange      = 'ALL'
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS
DGMGRL> 

帮助信息如下：

DGMGRL> help create;              
Creates a broker configuration
Syntax:
  CREATE CONFIGURATION <configuration name> AS
    PRIMARY DATABASE IS <database name>
    CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS <connect identifier>;
DGMGRL> help add;
Adds a standby database to the broker configuration
Syntax:
  ADD DATABASE <database name>
    [AS CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS <connect identifier>]
    [MAINTAINED AS {PHYSICAL|LOGICAL}];
DGMGRL> help enable;
Enables a configuration, a database, or fast-start failover
Syntax:
  ENABLE CONFIGURATION;
  ENABLE DATABASE <database name>;
  ENABLE FAST_START FAILOVER [CONDITION <condition>];
DGMGRL> 

20、打开备库

（1）、关闭备库

（2）、打开备库

shutdown immediate
startup open read only;

查看mode信息：

select open_mode from v$database;

21、打开备库的闪回创建测试库

（1）、将备库重启到mount状态

（2）、开启闪回

SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON
------------------
NO
SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter database flashback on;
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON
------------------
YES

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY

（3）、在broker下面切换

DGMGRL> help convert;       
Converts a database from one type to another
Syntax:
  CONVERT DATABASE <database name> TO
     {SNAPSHOT STANDBY|PHYSICAL STANDBY};
DGMGRL> CONVERT DATABASE xiaohedg TO SNAPSHOT STANDBY;
Converting database "xiaohedg" to a Snapshot Standby database, please wait...
Database "xiaohedg" converted successfully
DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration - c1
  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Databases:
    xiaohe   - Primary database
    xiaohedg - Snapshot standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS

（4）、在备库当做测试库读写操作

查看备库已经可以读写了：

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE

建表插入数据等操作：

SQL> create table test(id number, name varchar2(20));

SQL> insert into test values(1, 'node');
SQL> commit;
SQL> select * from test;
	ID NAME
---------- --------------------
	 1 node

（5）、将备库从快照切换为物理standby

DGMGRL> CONVERT DATABASE xiaohedg TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;
Converting database "xiaohedg" to a Physical Standby database, please wait...
Operation requires shutdown of instance "xiaohedg" on database "xiaohedg"
Shutting down instance "xiaohedg"...
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
....

（6）、备库在快照状态下的数据全部丢失

22、主备库切换

DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration - c1
  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Databases:
    xiaohe   - Primary database
    xiaohedg - Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS
DGMGRL> switchover to xiaohedg;
Performing switchover NOW, please wait...
New primary database "xiaohedg" is opening...
Operation requires shutdown of instance "xiaohe" on database "xiaohe"
Shutting down instance "xiaohe"...
ORACLE instance shut down.
Operation requires startup of instance "xiaohe" on database "xiaohe"
Starting instance "xiaohe"...
ORACLE instance started.
Database mounted.
Database opened.
Switchover succeeded, new primary is "xiaohedg"
DGMGRL> 
DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration - c1
  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Databases:
    xiaohedg - Primary database
    xiaohe   - Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS

23、几个有用的视图

（1）、主库

SQL>  select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by 1 desc;
 SEQUENCE# APPLIED
---------- ---------
	79 NO
	79 NO
	78 YES
	78 NO
	77 NO
	77 YES
	76 YES

做一次日志切换后：

SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by 1 desc;
 SEQUENCE# APPLIED
---------- ---------
	80 NO
	80 NO
	79 YES
	79 NO
	78 YES
	78 NO
	77 YES

SQL> select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
   DEST_ID ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
	 1
	 2
	 3
	 4

SQL> select database_role,open_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE	 OPEN_MODE
---------------- --------------------
PRIMARY 	 READ WRITE

（2）、备库

SQL> select sequence#,status from v$standby_log;
 SEQUENCE# STATUS
---------- ----------
	80 ACTIVE
	 0 UNASSIGNED
	 0 UNASSIGNED
	 0 UNASSIGNED

SQL> set lines 200
SQL> col DATABASE_ROLE for a30;
SQL> select database_role,open_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE		       OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY	       READ ONLY WITH APPLY

SQL> select process,status from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS   STATUS
--------- ------------
ARCH	  CLOSING
ARCH	  CONNECTED
ARCH	  CONNECTED
ARCH	  CONNECTED
MRP0	  APPLYING_LOG
RFS	  IDLE
RFS	  IDLE
RFS	  IDLE
8 rows selected.