• NGINX如何反向代理Tomcat并且实现Session保持

    简介

    LNMT=Linux+Nginx+MySQL+Tomcat；

    Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器；

    在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选；

     

    架构需求

    Tomcat实现JSP动态请求解析的基本架构

    wKioL1NrqMnjx4uUAAKZ_TrMPLU912.jpg

    说明：由后端Tomcat负责解析动态jsp请求，但为了提高响应性能，在同一主机内配置Nginx做反向代理，转发所有请求至tomcat即可；

    完整的LNMT架构设计

    wKiom1NrqReyIsVnAAXyNugPRuA080.jpg

    说明：本篇博客主要讲解单台Haproxy到后端多台Tomcat服务器的实现；

     

    安装配置

    Tomcat安装配置

    安装JDK

    rpm -ivh jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm
vi /etc/profile.d/java.sh
    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
    export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
. /etc/profile.d/java.sh

    安装Tomcat

    tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
ln -sv apache-tomcat-7.0.42/ tomcat
vi /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
    export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
    export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
. /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
# 编写服务脚本
vi /etc/init.d/tomcat
#!/bin/sh
# Tomcat init script for Linux.
#
# chkconfig: 2345 96 14
# description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container.
# JAVA_OPTS='-Xms64m -Xmx128m'
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME
case $1 in
start)
  exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;
stop)
  exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop;;
restart)
  $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop
  sleep 2
  exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;
*)
  echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|restart}"
  exit 1
  ;;
esac
==========
chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat

    配置Tomcat

    cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf
vi server.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>
  <Service name="Catalina">
    <Connector port="9000" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>
      <Host name="xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
            <Context path="" docBase="lnmmpapp" />
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="lnmmp_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
      </Host>
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>
# 创建应用程序相关目录
cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
mkdir -pv lnmmpapp/WEB-INF/{classes,lib}
cd lnmmpapp
vi index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
  <head><title>Tomcat1</title></head># 在Tomcat2主机上替换为Tomcat2
  <body>
    <h1><font color="red">Tomcat1.lnmmp.com</font></h1>#  在Tomcat2主机上替换为Tomcat2.lnmmp.com，color修改为blue
    <table align="centre" border="1">
      <tr>
        <td>Session ID</td>
    <% session.setAttribute("lnmmp.com","lnmmp.com"); %>
        <td><%= session.getId() %></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Created on</td>
        <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
     </tr>
    </table>
  </body>
</html>

    启动Tomcat服务

    chkconfig --add tomcat
service tomcat start

    Nginx配置

    Nginx安装详见博文“如何测试Nginx的高性能”

    配置Nginx

    vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes  2;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/nginx.error.log;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    fastcgi_cache_path /www/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=fcgicache:10m inactive=5m;
    server {
        listen       4040;
        server_name  xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com;
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/nginx-img.access.log  main;
root /www/lnmmp.com;
valid_referers none blocked xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com *.lnmmp.com;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com/404.html;
}
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com;
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/nginx-static.access.log  main;
        location / {
            root   /www/lnmmp.com;
            index  index.php index.html index.htm;
        }
gzip on;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml;
gzip_disable msie6;
    }
    server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com;
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/nginx-tomcat.access.log  main;
        location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000;  # 将全部动态请求都转发至后端tomcat
        }
    }
}

    启动服务

    service nginx start

    Haproxy安装配置

    yum -y install haproxy
vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user         haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon
defaults
    mode                   http
    log                     global
    option                  httplog
    option                  dontlognull
    option http-server-close
    option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout http-request    10s
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 30000
listen stats
    mode http
    bind 0.0.0.0:1080
    stats enable
    stats hide-version
    stats uri     /haproxyadmin?stats
    stats realm   Haproxy Statistics
    stats auth    admin:admin
    stats admin if TRUE
frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    mode http
    log global
    option httpclose
    option logasap
    option dontlognull
    capture request  header Host len 20
    capture request  header Referer len 60
    acl url_img         path_beg       -i /images
    acl url_img          path_end       -i .jpg .jpeg .gif .png
    acl url_dynamic      path_end       -i .jsp .do
    use_backend img_servers if url_img
    use_backend dynamic_servers if url_dynamic
    default_backend static_servers
backend img_servers
    balance roundrobin
    server img-srv1 192.168.0.25:4040 check maxconn 6000
    server img-srv2 192.168.0.35:4040 check maxconn 6000
backend static_servers
    cookie node insert nocache
    option httpchk HEAD /health_check.html
    server static-srv1 192.168.0.25:80 check maxconn 6000 cookie static-srv1
    server static-srv2 192.168.0.35:80 check maxconn 6000 cookie static-srv2
backend dynamic_servers
    balance roundrobin
    server tomcat1 192.168.0.25:8080 check maxconn 1000
    server tomcat2 192.168.0.35:8080 check maxconn 1000
    server <name> <address>[:port] [param*]
为后端声明一个server，因此，不能用于defaults和frontend区段。
<name>：为此服务器指定的内部名称，其将出现在日志及警告信息中；如果设定了"http-send-server-name"，它还将被添加至发往此服务器的请求首部中；
<address>：此服务器的的IPv4地址，也支持使用可解析的主机名，只不过在启动时需要解析主机名至相应的IPv4地址；
[:port]：指定将连接请求所发往的此服务器时的目标端口，其为可选项；未设定时，将使用客户端请求时的同一相端口；
[param*]：为此服务器设定的一系参数；其可用的参数非常多，具体请参考官方文档中的说明，下面仅说明几个常用的参数；
服务器或默认服务器参数：
backup：设定为备用服务器，仅在负载均衡场景中的其它server均不可用于启用此server；
check：启动对此server执行健康状态检查，其可以借助于额外的其它参数完成更精细的设定，如：
inter <delay>：设定健康状态检查的时间间隔，单位为毫秒，默认为2000；也可以使用fastinter和downinter来根据服务器端状态优化此时间延迟；
rise <count>：设定健康状态检查中，某离线的server从离线状态转换至正常状态需要成功检查的次数；
fall <count>：确认server从正常状态转换为不可用状态需要检查的次数；
cookie <value>：为指定server设定cookie值，此处指定的值将在请求入站时被检查，第一次为此值挑选的server将在后续的请求中被选中，其目的在于实现持久连接的功能；
maxconn <maxconn>：指定此服务器接受的最大并发连接数；如果发往此服务器的连接数目高于此处指定的值，其将被放置于请求队列，以等待其它连接被释放；
maxqueue <maxqueue>：设定请求队列的最大长度；
observe <mode>：通过观察服务器的通信状况来判定其健康状态，默认为禁用，其支持的类型有“layer4”和“layer7”，“layer7”仅能用于http代理场景；
redir <prefix>：启用重定向功能，将发往此服务器的GET和HEAD请求均以302状态码响应；需要注意的是，在prefix后面不能使用/，且不能使用相对地址，以免造成循环；例如：
server srv1 172.16.100.6:80 redir http://imageserver.magedu.com check
weight <weight>：权重，默认为1，最大值为256，0表示不参与负载均衡；
检查方法：
option httpchk
option httpchk <uri>
option httpchk <method> <uri>
option httpchk <method> <uri> <version>：不能用于frontend段，例如：
backend https_relay
mode tcp
option httpchk OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1
Host: www.magedu.com
server apache1 192.168.1.1:443 check port 80

    启动服务

    service haproxy start

    本地DNS解析设置

    xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com A 172.16.25.109 # 配置为haproxy的IP地址即可

    访问验证

    wKioL1Nrq1nB5OdXAALLOgv4fJM431.jpg

    wKiom1Nrq6SCsO8mAALN8_JzTYI243.jpg

    说明：由于前端Haproxy调度动态请求是roundrobin算法，故每次刷新都会轮询分配到不同的Tomcat节点上，且每次获得的session都是不一样的；

    实现session绑定

    将同一用户的请求调度至后端同一台Tomcat上，不至于一刷新就导致session丢失；

    修改Tomcat配置

    vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1"> # 在Tomcat2上替换为tomcat2
     

    修改Haproxy配置

    vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
backend dynamic_servers
    cookie node insert nocache
    balance roundrobin
    server tomcat1 192.168.0.25:8080 check maxconn 1000 cookie tomcat1
    server tomcat2 192.168.0.35:8080 check maxconn 1000 cookie tomcat2

    访问验证

    wKioL1NrrEOyj3ffAALgfNO9W3A279.jpg

    说明：当第一次访问成功后，再次刷新并不会改变分配的Tomcat节点和session信息，说明session绑定成功；

     

    实现session保持

    Tomcat支持Session集群，可在各Tomcat服务器间复制全部session信息，当后端一台Tomcat服务器宕机后，Haproxy重新调度用户请求后，在其它正常的Tomcat服务上依然存在用户原先的session信息；

    Session集群可在Tomcat服务器规模(一般10台以下)不大时使用，否则会导致复制代价过高；

    配置实现

    vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml # 完整配置
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>
  <Service name="Catalina">
    <Connector port="9000" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1"># 在Tomcat2主机上替换为tomcat2
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
                 channelSendOptions="8">
          <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
          <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
            <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
                        address="228.25.25.4"
                        port="45564"
                        frequency="500"
                        dropTime="3000"/>
            <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
                      address="192.168.0.25"# 在Tomcat2主机上替换为192.168.0.35
                      port="4000"
                      autoBind="100"
                      selectorTimeout="5000"
                      maxThreads="6"/>
            <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
              <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
            </Sender>
            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
          </Channel>
          <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
                 filter=""/>
          <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
          <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
                    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
                    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
                    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
                    watchEnabled="false"/>
          <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
          <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
        </Cluster>
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>
      <Host name="xxrenzhe.lnmmp.com"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
            <Context path="" docBase="lnmmpapp" />
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="lnmmp_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
      </Host>
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>
cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/lnmmpapp/WEB-INF/
cp /usr/local/tomcat/conf/web.xml .
vi web.xml # 添加如下一行，无需放置于任何容器中
<distributable>

    查看日志

    # tailf /usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out
May 08, 2014 11:08:13 PM org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster memberAdded
INFO: Replication member added:org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.MemberImpl[tcp://{192, 168, 0, 35}:4000,{192, 168, 0, 35},4000, alive=1029, securePort=-1, UDP Port=-1, id={106 35 -62 -54 -28 61 74 -98 -86 -11 -69 104 28 -114 32 -69 }, payload={}, command={}, domain={}, ]
# 查看到如上信息，则说明session集群已生效，tomcat1已检测到tomcat2节点的存在

    访问验证

    第一次访问

    wKioL1NrraHj1dGrAAKnUnDbem8056.jpg

    然后停止tomcat1的nginx服务(service nginx stop)，再次访问

    wKiom1NrriChIXusAALXeQXr7wo656.jpg

    说明：虽然因为tomcat1故障，导致用户请求被调度到了tomcat2节点上，但Session ID并未发生改变，即session集群内的所有节点都保存有全局的session信息，很好的实现了用户访问的不中断；
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaocen/p/3718006.html
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