知识链接：
https://www.cnblogs.com/lidabo/p/7852033.html
构造函数如下：
default (1) thread() noexcept; initialization(2) template <class Fn, class... Args> explicit thread (Fn&& fn, Args&&... args); copy [deleted] (3) thread (const thread&) = delete; move [4] thread (thread&& x) noexcept;
(1).默认构造函数，创建一个空的 thread 执行对象。 (2).初始化构造函数，创建一个 thread 对象，该 thread 对象可被 joinable，新产生的线程会调用 fn 函数，该函数的参数由 args 给出。 (3).拷贝构造函数（被禁用），意味着 thread 不可被拷贝构造。 (4).move 构造函数，move 构造函数，调用成功之后 x 不代表任何 thread 执行对象。 注意：可被 joinable 的 thread 对象必须在他们销毁之前被主线程 join 或者将其设置为 detached
#include<thread> #include<chrono> #include <iostream> using namespace std; void fun1(int n) //初始化构造函数 { cout << "Thread " << n << " executing "; n += 10; this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(10)); } void fun2(int & n) //拷贝构造函数 { cout << "Thread " << n << " executing "; n += 20; this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(10)); } int main() { int n = 0; thread t1; //t1不是一个thread thread t2(fun1, n + 1); //按照值传递 t2.join(); cout << "n=" << n << ' '; n = 10; thread t3(fun2, ref(n)); //引用 thread t4(move(t3)); //t4执行t3，t3不是thread t4.join(); cout << "n=" << n << ' '; system("pause"); return 0; }
#include <QCoreApplication> #include<thread> #include<chrono> #include <iostream> using namespace std; void running() { cout << "thread is running..." << endl; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); // 栈上 thread t1(running); // 根据函数初始化执行 thread t2(running); thread t3(running); // 线程数组 thread th[3] {thread(running), thread(running), thread(running)}; // 执行 // 堆上 thread* pt1(new thread(running)); thread* pt2(new thread(running)); thread* pt3(new thread(running)); // 线程指针数组 thread* pth(new thread[3]{thread(running), thread(running), thread(running)}); return a.exec(); }
多线程传递参数
#include <QCoreApplication> #include<thread> #include<chrono> #include <iostream> using namespace std; void running(const char* str,const int id) { cout << "thread" << id << "is running..."<< str << endl; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); // 栈上 thread t1(running,"hello1",1); // 根据函数初始化执行 thread t2(running,"hello2",2); thread t3(running,"hello3",3); return a.exec(); }
join
join 是让当前主线程等待所有的子线程执行完，才能退出。
#include <QCoreApplication> #include<thread> #include<chrono> #include <iostream> using namespace std; void running(const char* str,const int id) { cout << "thread" << id << "is running..."<< str << endl; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); // 栈上 thread t1(running,"hello1",1); // 根据函数初始化执行 thread t2(running,"hello2",2); thread t3(running,"hello3",3); cout << t1.joinable() << endl; cout << t2.joinable() << endl; cout << t3.joinable() << endl; t1.join(); // 主线程等待当前线程执行完成再退出 t2.join(); t3.join(); return a.exec(); }
detach
线程 detach 脱离主线程的绑定，主线程挂了，子线程不报错，子线程执行完自动退出。
线程 detach以后，子线程会成为孤儿线程，线程之间将无法通信。
#include <QCoreApplication> #include<thread> #include<chrono> #include <iostream> using namespace std; void running(const char* str,const int id) { cout << "thread" << id << "is running..."<< str << endl; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); // 栈上 thread t1(running,"hello1",1); // 根据函数初始化执行 thread t2(running,"hello2",2); thread t3(running,"hello3",3); cout << t1.joinable() << endl; cout << t2.joinable() << endl; cout << t3.joinable() << endl; t1.detach(); t2.detach(); t3.detach(); return a.exec(); }
获取cpu核心个数
#include <QCoreApplication> #include<thread> #include<chrono> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); auto n = thread::hardware_concurrency();//获取cpu核心个数 cout << n << endl; # 4 return a.exec(); }
CPP原子变量与线程安全。
#include <QCoreApplication> #include<thread> #include<chrono> #include <iostream> using namespace std; const int N = 1000000; int num = 0; void run() { for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i){ num++; } } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); clock_t start = clock(); thread t1(run); thread t2(run); t1.join(); t2.join(); clock_t end = clock(); cout << "num=" << num << ",spend time:" << end - start << "ms" << endl; return a.exec(); }
运行结果：num=1157261,spend time:9ms
结果并不是200000，这是由于线程之间的冲突
互斥量
#include <QCoreApplication> #include<thread> #include<chrono> #include <iostream> #include <mutex> using namespace std; const int N = 1000000; int num = 0; mutex m; void run() { m.lock(); for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i){ num++; } m.unlock(); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); clock_t start = clock(); thread t1(run); thread t2(run); t1.join(); t2.join(); clock_t end = clock(); cout << "num=" << num << ",spend time:" << end - start << "ms" << endl; return a.exec(); }
运行结果：num=2000000,spend time:5ms
原子变量。
#include <QCoreApplication> #include<thread> #include<chrono> #include <iostream> #include <mutex> using namespace std; const int N = 1000000; atomic_int num {0}; // 不会发生线程冲突，线程安全 void run() { for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i){ num++; } } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); clock_t start = clock(); thread t1(run); thread t2(run); t1.join(); t2.join(); clock_t end = clock(); cout << "num=" << num << ",spend time:" << end - start << "ms" << endl; return a.exec(); }
C++11 并发之std::atomic。
lambda与多线程
#include <QCoreApplication> #include<thread> #include<chrono> #include <iostream> #include <mutex> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); auto fun = [](const char* str){cout << str << endl;}; thread t1(fun,"hello world"); thread t2(fun,"hello C++"); return a.exec(); }
时间等待相关
#include <QCoreApplication> #include<thread> #include<chrono> #include <iostream> #include <mutex> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QCoreApplication a(argc, argv); auto fun = [](const char* str){ this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(1)); this_thread::yield();// 让cpu执行其他空闲线程 cout << this_thread::get_id() << endl; cout << str << endl; }; thread t1(fun,"hello world"); return a.exec(); }