• 企业级 SpringCloud 教程 (二) 服务消费者(rest+ribbon)


    一、ribbon简介

    Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.

    —–摘自官网

    ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。

    ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean:

    • IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl

    • IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule

    • IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing

    • ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList

    • ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter

    • ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

    二、准备工作

    这一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程,启动eureka-server 工程;启动service-hi工程,它的端口为8762;将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为8763,并启动,这时你会发现:service-hi在eureka-server注册了2个实例,这就相当于一个小的集群。访问localhost:8761如图所示:

    三、建一个服务消费者

    重新新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为:service-ribbon;
    在它的pom.xml文件分别引入起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web,代码如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
        <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>service-ribbon</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    
    </project>
    

     

     在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,程序名称为 service-ribbon,程序端口为8764。配置文件application.yml如下:

    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8764
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-ribbon

    在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。

    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
        }
    
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced
        RestTemplate restTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    
    }
    

      

    写一个测试类HelloService,通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费service-hi服务的“/hi”接口,在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址,在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名,代码如下:

    @Service
    public class HelloService {
    
        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        public String hiService(String name) {
            return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
        }
    
    }
    

      写一个controller,在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法,代码如下:

    /**
     * Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6.
     */
    @RestController
    public class HelloControler {
    
        @Autowired
        HelloService helloService;
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
        public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
            return helloService.hiService(name);
        }
    
    
    }
    

      在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp,浏览器交替显示:

        hi forezp,i am from port:8762
    
        hi forezp,i am from port:8763
    

      这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=“+name,String.class)方法时,已经做了负载均衡,访问了不同的端口的服务实例。

    代码架构如下:

    资料和源码来源地址

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiamudaren/p/8383748.html
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