Perl Language 从入门到放弃 All In One

Perl Language 从入门到放弃 All In One

单峰骆驼 ✅
双峰骆驼 ❌

Perl

script.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl 

# 打印输出 "Hello, World"
print "Hello, World!\n";

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

# 打印输出 "Hello, World"
print "Hello, World!\n";

https://www.perl.org/

key	value
Typing discipline	Dynamic
Implementation language	C
Filename extensions	.plx, .pl, .pm, .xs, .t, .pod, .cgi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl

GitHub

.pl 扩展名

# Unix / Linux / macOS
$ perl  script.pl          

或

# Windows / DOS
C:>perl script.pl         

https://www.runoob.com/perl/perl-environment.html

Perl Module

https://github.com/Perl/perl5/blob/blead/lib/User/grent.pm

Perl Test ?

https://github.com/Perl/perl5/blob/blead/lib/User/grent.t

https://github.com/Perl

https://github.com/Perl/perl5

https://github.com/topics/perl

https://github.com/trending/perl

git hooks

脚本语言

#!/usr/bin/perl

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

#!/bin/sh

echo "\n\$1 = $1"
echo "\$2 = $2"
echo "\$3 = $3"

COMMIT_MSG_FILE=$1
COMMIT_SOURCE=$2
SHA1=$3

/usr/bin/perl -i.bak -ne 'print unless(m/^. Please enter the commit message/..m/^#$/)' "$COMMIT_MSG_FILE"

echo "\n\$1 = $1"
echo "\$2 = $2"
echo "\$3 = $3"

Perl 教程

Perl 是 Practical Extraction and Report Language 的缩写，可翻译为 "实用报表提取语言"。

Perl 是高级、通用、直译式、动态的程序语言。

Perl 最初的设计者为拉里·沃尔（Larry Wall），于1987年12月18日发表。

Perl 借用了C、sed、awk、shell脚本以及很多其他编程语言的特性。

Perl 最重要的特性是Perl内部集成了正则表达式的功能，以及巨大的第三方代码库 CPAN。

https://www.runoob.com/perl/perl-tutorial.html

Perl 简介

Perl，一种功能丰富的计算机程序语言，运行在超过100种计算机平台上，适用广泛，从大型机到便携设备，从快速原型创建到大规模可扩展开发。

Perl 语言的应用范围很广，除CGI以外，Perl被用于图形编程、系统管理、网络编程、金融、生物以及其他领域。由于其灵活性，Perl被称为脚本语言中的瑞士军刀。

Perl 是可扩展的，我们可以通过 CPAN（"the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network"全面的 Perl 存档网络）中心仓库找到很多我们需要的模块。

https://www.runoob.com/perl/perl-intro.html

Perl 基础语法

#!/usr/bin/perl
 
# 这是一个单行注释
print "Hello, world\n";
 
=pod 注释
这是一个多行注释
这是一个多行注释
这是一个多行注释
这是一个多行注释
=cut

#!/usr/bin/perl
 
print "Hello, world\n";    # 双引号
print 'Hello, world\n';    # 单引号

从结果中我们可以看出，双引号 \n 输出了换行，而单引号没有。

Perl双引号和单引号的区别: 双引号可以正常解析一些转义字符与变量，而单引号无法解析会原样输出。

#!/usr/bin/perl
 
$a = 10;
$var = <<"EOF";
这是一个 Here 文档实例，使用双引号。
可以在这输入字符串和变量。
例如：a = $a
EOF
print "$var\n";
 
$var = <<'EOF';
这是一个 Here 文档实例，使用单引号。
例如：a = $a
EOF
print "$var\n";

Here 文档

Here文档又称作 heredoc、hereis、here-字串或here-脚本，是一种在命令行shell（如sh、csh、ksh、bash、PowerShell和zsh）和程序语言（像Perl、PHP、Python和Ruby）里定义一个字串的方法。

使用概述：

1.必须后接分号，否则编译通不过。
2.END可以用任意其它字符代替，只需保证结束标识与开始标识一致。
3.结束标识必须顶格独自占一行(即必须从行首开始，前后不能衔接任何空白和字符)。
4.开始标识可以不带引号号或带单双引号，不带引号与带双引号效果一致，解释内嵌的变量和转义符号，带单引号则不解释内嵌的变量和转义符号。
5.当内容需要内嵌引号（单引号或双引号）时，不需要加转义符，本身对单双引号转义，此处相当与q和qq的用法。

https://www.runoob.com/perl/perl-syntax.html

CPAN

the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network / 全面的 Perl 存档网络 / 综合 Perl 档案网络

https://www.cpan.org/

http://cpan.perl.org/

here document

here-document, here-text, heredoc, hereis, here-string or here-script

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_document

https://linuxize.com/post/bash-heredoc/

<< EOF
???
???
???
EOF

ES6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript#6th_Edition_–_ECMAScript_2015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_character

const apples = 4;
const bananas = 3;

console.log(`I have ${apples} apples`);
console.log(`
  I have 
  ${apples} apples 
  ${bananas} bananas
  total: ${apples + bananas} fruit.
`);

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interpolation#JavaScript

macOS & Perl

macOS Perl

/usr/bin/perl --version

This is perl 5, version 30, subversion 3 (v5.30.3) built for darwin-thread-multi-2level
(with 2 registered patches, see perl -V for more detail)

Copyright 1987-2020, Larry Wall

Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the
GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit.

Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on
this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl".  If you have access to the
Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page.

➜  ~ /usr/bin/perl -V       
Summary of my perl5 (revision 5 version 30 subversion 3) configuration:
   
  Platform:
    osname=darwin
    osvers=21.0
    archname=darwin-thread-multi-2level
    uname='darwin smwk2.p1s.plx.sd.apple.com 21.0 darwin kernel version 20.1.0: wed nov 3 12:44:24 pdt 2021; root:xnu-7195.41.8.100.10~1development_x86_64 x86_64 '
    config_args='-ds -e -Dprefix=/usr -Dccflags=-g  -pipe  -Dldflags= -Dman3ext=3pm -Duseithreads -Duseshrplib -Dinc_version_list=none -Dcc=cc'
    hint=recommended
    useposix=true
    d_sigaction=define
    useithreads=define
    usemultiplicity=define
    use64bitint=define
    use64bitall=define
    uselongdouble=undef
    usemymalloc=n
    default_inc_excludes_dot=define
    bincompat5005=undef
  Compiler:
    cc='cc'
    ccflags =' -g -pipe -fno-strict-aliasing -fstack-protector-strong -DPERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV'
    optimize='-Os'
    cppflags='-g -pipe -fno-strict-aliasing -fstack-protector-strong'
    ccversion=''
    gccversion='Apple LLVM 13.1.6 (clang-1316.0.20.6) [+internal-os, ptrauth-isa=deployment-target-based]'
    gccosandvers=''
    intsize=4
    longsize=8
    ptrsize=8
    doublesize=8
    byteorder=12345678
    doublekind=3
    d_longlong=define
    longlongsize=8
    d_longdbl=define
    longdblsize=16
    longdblkind=3
    ivtype='long'
    ivsize=8
    nvtype='double'
    nvsize=8
    Off_t='off_t'
    lseeksize=8
    alignbytes=8
    prototype=define
  Linker and Libraries:
    ld='cc'
    ldflags =' -fstack-protector-strong'
    libpth=/AppleInternal/Library/BuildRoots/66382bca-8bca-11ec-aade-6613bcf0e2ee/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX12.3.Internal.sdk/usr/local/lib /AppleInternal/Library/BuildRoots/66382bca-8bca-11ec-aade-6613bcf0e2ee/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX12.3.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/13.1.6/lib /AppleInternal/Library/BuildRoots/66382bca-8bca-11ec-aade-6613bcf0e2ee/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX12.3.Internal.sdk/usr/lib /AppleInternal/Library/BuildRoots/66382bca-8bca-11ec-aade-6613bcf0e2ee/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX12.3.xctoolchain/usr/lib /AppleInternal/Library/BuildRoots/66382bca-8bca-11ec-aade-6613bcf0e2ee/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib /usr/lib /usr/local/lib
    libs= 
    perllibs=
    libc=
    so=dylib
    useshrplib=true
    libperl=libperl.dylib
    gnulibc_version=''
  Dynamic Linking:
    dlsrc=dl_dlopen.xs
    dlext=bundle
    d_dlsymun=undef
    ccdlflags=' '
    cccdlflags=' '
    lddlflags=' -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -fstack-protector-strong'


Characteristics of this binary (from libperl): 
  Compile-time options:
    HAS_TIMES
    MULTIPLICITY
    PERLIO_LAYERS
    PERL_COPY_ON_WRITE
    PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
    PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
    PERL_MALLOC_WRAP
    PERL_OP_PARENT
    PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
    PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV
    USE_64_BIT_ALL
    USE_64_BIT_INT
    USE_ITHREADS
    USE_LARGE_FILES
    USE_LOCALE
    USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
    USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
    USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
    USE_LOCALE_TIME
    USE_PERLIO
    USE_PERL_ATOF
    USE_REENTRANT_API
    USE_THREAD_SAFE_LOCALE
  Locally applied patches:
    /Library/Perl/Updates/<version> comes before system perl directories
    installprivlib and installarchlib points to the Updates directory
  Built under darwin
  Compiled at Feb 12 2022 01:42:25
  @INC:
    /Library/Perl/5.30/darwin-thread-multi-2level
    /Library/Perl/5.30
    /Network/Library/Perl/5.30/darwin-thread-multi-2level
    /Network/Library/Perl/5.30
    /Library/Perl/Updates/5.30.3
    /System/Library/Perl/5.30/darwin-thread-multi-2level
    /System/Library/Perl/5.30
    /System/Library/Perl/Extras/5.30/darwin-thread-multi-2level
    /System/Library/Perl/Extras/5.30
➜  ~ 

refs

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