说到反射,实际上包含两个概念:
PHP官方文档写得很清晰了,下面我就说一下具体的应用。
1.参数检测
有时候需要在函数里需要判断传入的参数类型是否合法。
这时可以使用is_a、is_subclass_of来检测。或者结合反射,做更多检测。
2.动态调用
在依赖注入中,常见到这种用法,比如Laravel5.5中的Container.php
public function build($concrete)
{
// If the concrete type is actually a Closure, we will just execute it and
// hand back the results of the functions, which allows functions to be
// used as resolvers for more fine-tuned resolution of these objects.
if ($concrete instanceof Closure) {
return $concrete($this, $this->getLastParameterOverride());
}
$reflector = new ReflectionClass($concrete);
// If the type is not instantiable, the developer is attempting to resolve
// an abstract type such as an Interface of Abstract Class and there is
// no binding registered for the abstractions so we need to bail out.
if (! $reflector->isInstantiable()) {
return $this->notInstantiable($concrete);
}
$this->buildStack[] = $concrete;
$constructor = $reflector->getConstructor();
// If there are no constructors, that means there are no dependencies then
// we can just resolve the instances of the objects right away, without
// resolving any other types or dependencies out of these containers.
if (is_null($constructor)) {
array_pop($this->buildStack);
return new $concrete;
}
$dependencies = $constructor->getParameters();
// Once we have all the constructor's parameters we can create each of the
// dependency instances and then use the reflection instances to make a
// new instance of this class, injecting the created dependencies in.
$instances = $this->resolveDependencies(
$dependencies
);
array_pop($this->buildStack);
return $reflector->newInstanceArgs($instances);
}
上述代码先判断是否是闭包,如果是,直接返回。不是则通过new ReflectionClass($concrete);
生成反射类的实例,然后获取这个类的构造函数和参数,进行初始化的过程。
注意
反射里一个比较重要的用法invoke
当已知这个类的时候,可以通过构造ReflectionMethod来直接调用,如:
class HelloWorld {
public function sayHelloTo($name) {
return 'Hello ' . $name;
}
}
$reflectionMethod = new ReflectionMethod('HelloWorld', 'sayHelloTo');
echo $reflectionMethod->invoke(new HelloWorld(), 'Mike');
当不知道这个类时,知道类的对象,可以用ReflectionObject获取ReflectionMethod后调用,如:
class HelloWorld {
public function sayHelloTo($name) {
return 'Hello ' . $name;
}
}
$hello = new HelloWorld();
$refObj = new ReflectionObject($hello);
$refMethod = $refObj->getMethod('sayHelloTo');
echo $refMethod->invoke($hello,'Mike');
调用流程一般就是获取反射类ReflectionClass/反射对象ReflectionObject的实例,然后获取ReflectionMethod后,invoke。
3.获取注释,生成文档
比如PHPDoc
4.注解,增强版的注释,符合一定的规则
比如某些框架的路由,便是通过注解实现的。
5.不要为了反射而反射
PHP是一门动态语言,其实可以直接通过字符串来调用类或函数,如下:
class HelloWorld {
public function sayHelloTo($name) {
return 'Hello ' . $name;
}
}
$hello = 'HelloWorld';
$helloSay = 'sayHelloTo';
$helloIntance = new $hello;
echo $helloIntance->$helloSay('Mike');
那么为什么还需要反射呢?
- 功能更强大
- 更安全,防止直接调用没有暴露的内部方法
- 可维护,直接写字符串是硬编码