Zuul网关

Zuul路由网关简介及基本使用

简介

请看下图，这里的API 路由网关服务由Zuul实现，主要就是对外提供服务接口的时候，起到了请求的路由和过滤作用，也因此能够隐藏内部服务的接口细节，从来有利于保护系统的安全性；

路由配置

Zuul 路由配置

我们新建一个module microservice-zuul-3001

这里我们的zuul也注册到eureka服务里，端口3001；

我们修改下Hosts，专门为zuul搞个本地域名映射

pom依赖

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 3          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 4     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 5     <parent>
 6         <groupId>com.javaqi</groupId>
 7         <artifactId>qimicroservice</artifactId>
 8         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 9     </parent>
10     <artifactId>microservice-zuul-3001</artifactId>
11 
12     <properties>
13         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
14     </properties>
15 
16     <dependencies>
17         <dependency>
18             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
19             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
20         </dependency>
21         <dependency>
22             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
23             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
24             <scope>test</scope>
25         </dependency>
26         <dependency>
27             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
28             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
29         </dependency>
30 
31         <!-- actuator监控 -->
32         <dependency>
33             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
34             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
35         </dependency>
36         <!-- hystrix容错 -->
37         <dependency>
38             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
39             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
40         </dependency>
41         <dependency>
42             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
43             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
44         </dependency>
45         <!--zuul网关-->
46         <dependency>
47             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
48             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
49         </dependency>
50 
51         <!--ribbon相关依赖-->
52         <dependency>
53             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
54             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
55         </dependency>
56         <dependency>
57             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
58             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
59         </dependency>
60         <dependency>
61             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
62             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
63         </dependency>
64 
65         <!--引入Feign依赖-->
66         <dependency>
67             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
68             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
69         </dependency>
70     </dependencies>
71 
72     <build>
73         <plugins>
74             <plugin>
75                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
76                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
77             </plugin>
78         </plugins>
79     </build>
80 </project>

application.yml

 1 server:
 2   port: 3001
 3   context-path: /
 4 spring:
 5   application:
 6     name: microservice-zuul
 7 eureka:
 8   instance:
 9     instance-id: microservice-zuul:3001
10     prefer-ip-address: true
11   client:
12     service-url:
13       defaultZone: http://eureka2001.javaqi.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.javaqi.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.javaqi.com:2003/eureka/
14 info:
15   groupId: com.javaxl.testSpringcloud
16   artifactId: microservice-zuul-3001
17   version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
18   userName: http://javaqi.com
19   phone: 123456
20 feign:
21   hystrix:
22     enabled: true
23 
24 hystrix:
25   command:
26     default:
27       execution:
28         timeout:
29           enabled: true
30         isolation:
31           thread:
32             timeoutInMilliseconds: 15000
33 ribbon:
34   ReadTimeout: 6000
35   ConnectTimeout: 6000
36   MaxAutoRetries: 0
37   MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
38   eureka:
39     enabled: true

主启动类：ZuulApplication_3001

加下@EnableZuulProxy注解

 1 package com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
 4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 5 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
 6 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
 7 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
 8 
 9 @SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
10 @EnableZuulProxy
11 public class MicroserviceZuul3001Application {
12 
13     public static void main(String[] args) {
14         SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceZuul3001Application.class, args);
15     }
16 
17 }

我们测试下：

启动三个eureka 然后再启动下一个1006服务，以及 zuul网关服务；

我们直接请求：http://localhost:1006/student/list 能获取到数据；

我们用 http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/microservice-student/student/list 域名+端口+服务名称+请求地址也能请求到数据；

Zuul路由映射配置

上面是zuul的简单使用，从接口地址很轻易的就暴露了服务提供者的唯一标识名microservice-student；有安全风险，我们需要将其隐藏；

ignored-services的作用是将原来的服务提供者唯一标识名禁用；

Prefix的作用是给服务加前缀

yml文件中添加以下配置

1 zuul:
2   routes:
3     studentServer.serviceId: microservice-student
4     studentServer.path: /studentServer/**
5   ignored-services: "*"
6   prefix: /javaqi

配置完毕后可通过以下链接做测试

http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/microservice-student/student/list

http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/studentServer/student/list

http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/javaqi/microservice-student/student/list

http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/javaqi/studentServer/student/list

对应的配置会出现上面的错误页面，这是正常现象。

关于zuul使用后的容错处理

方案一（不推荐）：
内部服务Hystrix与feign的整合失效，不能走快速回退的方法，雪崩现象再现

zuul的application.yml中配置

 1 server:
 2   port: 3001
 3   context-path: /
 4 spring:
 5   application:
 6     name: microservice-zuul
 7 eureka:
 8   instance:
 9     instance-id: microservice-zuul:3001
10     prefer-ip-address: true
11   client:
12     service-url:
13       defaultZone: http://eureka2001.javaqi.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.javaqi.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.javaqi.com:2003/eureka/
14 info:
15   groupId: com.javaqi.testSpringcloud
16   artifactId: microservice-zuul-3001
17   version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
18   userName: http://javaqi.com
19   phone: 123456
20 
21 zuul:
22   routes:
23     studentServer.serviceId: microservice-student
24     studentServer.path: /studentServer/**
25   ignored-services: "*"
26   prefix: /javaqi
27   host:
28     socket-timeout-millis: 60000
29     connect-timeout-millis: 60000
30 
31 feign:
32   hystrix:
33     enabled: true
34 
35 hystrix:
36   command:
37     default:
38       execution:
39         timeout:
40           enabled: true
41         isolation:
42           thread:
43             timeoutInMilliseconds: 15000
44 ribbon:
45   ReadTimeout: 6000
46   ConnectTimeout: 6000
47   MaxAutoRetries: 0
48   MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
49   eureka:
50     enabled: true
51

以及pom

 1 <dependencies>
 2     <dependency>
 3         <groupId>com.javaqi</groupId>
 4         <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
 5     </dependency>
 6     <dependency>
 7         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 8         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
 9     </dependency>
10     <dependency>
11         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
12         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
13         <scope>test</scope>
14     </dependency>
15     <dependency>
16         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
17         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
18     </dependency>
19 
20     <!-- actuator监控 -->
21     <dependency>
22         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
23         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
24     </dependency>
25     <!-- hystrix容错 -->
26     <dependency>
27         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
28         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
29     </dependency>
30     <dependency>
31         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
32         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
33     </dependency>
34     <!--zuul网关-->
35     <dependency>
36         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
37         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
38     </dependency>
39 
40     <!--ribbon相关依赖-->
41     <dependency>
42         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
43         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
44     </dependency>
45     <dependency>
46         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
47         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
48     </dependency>
49     <dependency>
50         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
51         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
52     </dependency>
53 
54     <!--引入Feign依赖-->
55     <dependency>
56         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
57         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
58     </dependency>
59 </dependencies>

方案二（推荐）：
Zuul作为服务网关为了保证自己不被服务拖垮，本身已经集成了Hystrix对路由转发进行隔离。为了方便开发人员对服务短路进行自定义处理，

 1 package com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001.fallback;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ZuulFallbackProvider;
 4 import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
 5 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
 6 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 7 import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
 8 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 9 
10 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
11 import java.io.IOException;
12 import java.io.InputStream;
13 
14 @Component
15 public class ZuulFallBack implements ZuulFallbackProvider {
16 
17     @Override
18     public String getRoute() {
19         return "*";
20     }
21 
22     /**
23      * 在给zuul整合回退功能时，只要类实现ZuulFallbackProvider接口，并且注册bean即可。
24      *
25      * 不过需要注意的时，这个回退只有服务掉线或者超时的情况下才会触发（Camden.SR4版本测试是这样），
26      * 如果服务程序出现异常，此回退程序是不能处理的，异常会直接返回给调用者，比如页面。
27      *
28      * @return
29      */
30     @Override
31     public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {
32         return new ClientHttpResponse() {
33             @Override
34             public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
35                 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
36                 headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);//application/json;charset=UTF-8
37                 return headers;
38             }
39 
40             @Override
41             public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
42                 String msg = "服务繁忙，请稍后.....";
43                 //new ByteArrayInputStream("{"code":-1,"msg":"服务暂不可用"}".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
44                 return new ByteArrayInputStream(msg.getBytes());
45             }
46 
47             @Override
48             public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
49                 return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.getReasonPhrase();//400
50             }
51 
52             @Override
53             public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
54                 return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST;
55             }
56 
57             @Override
58             public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
59                 return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value();//"Bad Request"
60             }
61 
62             @Override
63             public void close() {
64 
65             }
66         };
67     }
68 }

Zuul请求过滤配置

比如我们登录某个系统需要身份验证，用户名密码啥的；

我们请求服务，也可以来设置身份验证，也就是过滤非法请求；Zuul通过ZuulFilter过滤器实现；

一般具体实现的话每次经过Zuul服务网关我们都对带来的token进行有效性验证；

AccessFilter类：

 1 package com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001.filter;
 2 
 3 import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
 4 import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
 5 import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
 6 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 7 
 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 9 
10 public class AccessFilter extends ZuulFilter {
11 
12     Logger logger=Logger.getLogger(AccessFilter.class);
13 
14     /**
15      * 判断该过滤器是否要被执行
16      */
17     @Override
18     public boolean shouldFilter() {
19         return true;
20     }
21 
22     /**
23      * 过滤器的具体执行逻辑
24      */
25     @Override
26     public Object run() throws ZuulException {
27         RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
28         HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
29         String parameter = request.getParameter("accessToken");
30         logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 请求访问");
31         if(parameter==null){
32             logger.error("accessToken为空！");
33             ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
34             ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
35             ctx.setResponseBody("{"result":"accessToken is empty!"}");
36             return null;
37         }
38         //  token判断逻辑
39         logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 请求成功");
40         return null;
41     }
42 
43     /**
44      * 过滤器的类型 这里用pre，代表会再请求被路由之前执行
45      */
46     @Override
47     public String filterType() {
48         return "pre";
49     }
50 
51     /**
52      * 过滤器的执行顺序
53      */
54     @Override
55     public int filterOrder() {
56         return 0;
57     }
58 
59 }

然后再开启下 Filter配置：

 1 package com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001.config;
 2 
 3 import com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001.filter.AccessFilter;
 4 import com.javaqi.microservicezuul3001.filter.AccessFilter;
 5 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 6 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 7 
 8 @Configuration
 9 public class ZuulConfig {
10 
11     @Bean
12     public AccessFilter accessFilter(){
13         return new AccessFilter();
14     }
15 }

浏览器输入地址进行测试

http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/javaqi/studentServer/student/list

http://zuul.javaqi.com:3001/javaqi/studentServer/student/list?accessToken=1

测试结果如下

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/xcn123/p/12032645.html