• 熔断器Hystrix及服务监控Dashboard


    服务雪崩效应

    当一个请求依赖多个服务的时候:

    正常情况下的访问 

    但是,当请求的服务中出现无法访问、异常、超时等问题时(图中的I),那么用户的请求将会被阻塞。

    如果多个用户的请求中,都存在无法访问的服务,那么他们都将陷入阻塞的状态中。

    Hystrix的引入,可以

    服务熔断服务降级

    Hystrix断路器简介

    hystrix对应的中文名字是“豪猪”,豪猪周身长满了刺,能保护自己不受天敌的伤害,代表了一种防御机制,

    这与hystrix本身的功能不谋而合,因此Netflix团队将该框架命名为Hystrix,并使用了对应的卡通形象做作为logo。

    通过服务熔断和服务降级来解决这个问题。

     

    在一个分布式系统里,许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败,比如超时、异常等,如何能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下,不会导致整体服务失败,

    这个就是Hystrix需要做的事情。Hystrix提供了熔断、隔离、Fallback、cache、监控等功能,能够在一个、或多个依赖同时出现问题时保证系统依然可用。

    Hystrix服务熔断服务降级@HystrixCommand fallbackMethod

    熔断机制是应对雪崩效应的一种微服务链路保护机制。

    当某个服务不可用或者响应时间超时,会进行服务降级,进而熔断该节点的服务调用,快速返回自定义的错误影响页面信息。

     新j建的带服务熔断的服务提供者项目 

    microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004

    配置pom.xml

      1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      3          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      4     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      5     <parent>
      6         <groupId>com.javaqi</groupId>
      7         <artifactId>qimicroservice</artifactId>
      8         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
      9     </parent>
     10     <artifactId>microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004</artifactId>
     11 
     12     <properties>
     13         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
     14     </properties>
     15 
     16     <dependencies>
     17         <dependency>
     18             <groupId>com.javaqi</groupId>
     19             <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
     20         </dependency>
     21         <dependency>
     22             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     23             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
     24         </dependency>
     25         <dependency>
     26             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     27             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
     28             <scope>test</scope>
     29         </dependency>
     30         <dependency>
     31             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     32             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
     33         </dependency>
     34         <dependency>
     35             <groupId>mysql</groupId>
     36             <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
     37         </dependency>
     38         <dependency>
     39             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     40             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
     41         </dependency>
     42         <dependency>
     43             <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
     44             <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
     45         </dependency>
     46         <!--  修改后立即生效,热部署  -->
     47         <dependency>
     48             <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
     49             <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
     50         </dependency>
     51         <dependency>
     52             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     53             <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
     54         </dependency>
     55 
     56         <!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
     57         <dependency>
     58             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
     59             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
     60         </dependency>
     61         <dependency>
     62             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
     63             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
     64         </dependency>
     65         <dependency>
     66             <groupId>com.javaqi</groupId>
     67             <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
     68             <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     69             <scope>compile</scope>
     70         </dependency>
     71 
     72         <!-- actuator监控引入 -->
     73         <dependency>
     74             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     75             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
     76         </dependency>
     77 
     78         <!--Hystrix相关依赖-->
     79         <dependency>
     80             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
     81             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
     82         </dependency>
     83         <dependency>
     84             <groupId>com.javaqi</groupId>
     85             <artifactId>microservice-student-provider</artifactId>
     86             <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     87             <scope>compile</scope>
     88         </dependency>
     89 
     90     </dependencies>
     91 
     92     <build>
     93         <plugins>
     94             <plugin>
     95                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     96                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
     97             </plugin>
     98         </plugins>
     99     </build>
    100 
    101 </project>

    l修改application.yml

     1 server:
     2   port: 1004
     3   context-path: /
     4 spring:
     5   datasource:
     6     type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
     7     driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
     8     url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xufanqi?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
     9     username: root
    10     password: 123
    11   jpa:
    12     hibernate:
    13       ddl-auto: update
    14     show-sql: true
    15   application:
    16     name: microservice-student
    17   profiles: provider-hystrix-1004
    18 
    19 eureka:
    20   instance:
    21     hostname: localhost
    22     appname: microservice-student
    23     instance-id: microservice-student:1004
    24     prefer-ip-address: true
    25   client:
    26     service-url:
    27       defaultZone: http://eureka2001.javaqi.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.javaqi.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.javaqi.com:2003/eureka/
    28 
    29 hystrix:
    30   command:
    31     default:
    32       execution:
    33         isolation:
    34           thread:
    35             timeoutInMilliseconds: 3000
    36 info:
    37   groupId: com.javaxl.testSpringcloud
    38   artifactId: microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004
    39   version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
    40   userName: http://javaqi.com
    41   phone: 123456

    StudentProviderHystrixApplication_1004加下注解支持

    @EnableCircuitBreaker    

     1 package com.javaqi.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
     4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
     5 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
     6 import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
     7 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
     8 
     9 @EnableCircuitBreaker
    10 @EntityScan("com.javaqi.*.*")
    11 @EnableEurekaClient
    12 @SpringBootApplication
    13 public class MicroserviceStudentProviderHystrix1004Application {
    14 
    15     public static void main(String[] args) {
    16         SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderHystrix1004Application.class, args);
    17     }
    18 
    19 }

    controller

    服务提供者1004中新增

    StudentProviderController 
     1 package com.javaqi.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004.controller;
     2 
     3 import com.javaqi.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
     4 import com.javaqi.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004.service.StudentService;
     5 import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
     6 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
     7 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
     8 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
     9 
    10 import java.util.HashMap;
    11 import java.util.List;
    12 import java.util.Map;
    13 
    14 @RestController
    15 @RequestMapping("/student")
    16 public class StudentProviderController {
    17  
    18     @Autowired
    19     private StudentService studentService;
    20 
    21     @Value("${server.port}")
    22     private String port;
    23 
    24     @PostMapping(value="/save")
    25     public boolean save(Student student){
    26         try{
    27             studentService.save(student);  
    28             return true;
    29         }catch(Exception e){
    30             return false;
    31         }
    32     }
    33      
    34     @GetMapping(value="/list")
    35     public List<Student> list(){
    36         return studentService.list();
    37     }
    38      
    39     @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
    40     public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    41         return studentService.findById(id);
    42     }
    43      
    44     @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
    45     public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    46         try{
    47             studentService.delete(id);
    48             return true;
    49         }catch(Exception e){
    50             return false;
    51         }
    52     }
    53 
    54     @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    55     public String ribbon(){
    56         return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
    57     }
    58 
    59 
    60 
    61     /**
    62      * 测试Hystrix服务降级
    63      * @return
    64      * @throws InterruptedException
    65      */
    66     @ResponseBody
    67     @GetMapping(value="/hystrix")
    68     @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod="hystrixFallback")
    69     public Map<String,Object> hystrix() throws InterruptedException{
    70        Thread.sleep(4000);
    71         Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
    72         map.put("code", 200);
    73         map.put("info","工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务");
    74         return map;
    75     }
    76 
    77     public Map<String,Object> hystrixFallback() throws InterruptedException{
    78         Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
    79         map.put("code", 500);
    80         map.put("info", "系统【"+port+"】繁忙,稍后重试");
    81         return map;
    82     }
    83 }

    这里正常访问 返回的是 200  业务数据xxxxx 

    但是我们这里Thread.sleep(2000) 模拟超时;

    这里的话 我们加上@HystrixCommand注解 以及 fallbackMethod

    表明这个方法我们再 没有异常以及没有超时(hystrix默认1秒算超时)的情况,才返回正常的业务数据;

    否则,进入我们fallback指定的本地方法,我们搞的是500  系统出错,稍后重试,有效的解决雪崩效应,以及返回给用户界面

    很好的报错提示信息;

    microservice-student-consumer-80项目也要对应的加个方法

     1 package com.javaqi.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.controller;
     2 
     3 import com.javaqi.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
     4 import com.javaqi.microservicecommon.service.StudentClientService;
     5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
     6 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
     7 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
     8 
     9 import java.util.List;
    10 
    11 @RestController
    12 @RequestMapping("/student")
    13 public class StudentConsumerController {
    14 
    15     @Autowired
    16     private StudentClientService studentClientService;
    17 
    18     @Autowired
    19     private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    20 
    21     @PostMapping(value = "/save")
    22     private boolean save(Student student) {
    23         return studentClientService.save(student);
    24     }
    25 
    26     @GetMapping(value = "/list")
    27     public List<Student> list() {
    28         return studentClientService.list();
    29     }
    30 
    31     @GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
    32     public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
    33         return studentClientService.get(id);
    34     }
    35 
    36     @GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
    37     public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
    38         try {
    39             studentClientService.delete(id);
    40             return true;
    41         } catch (Exception e) {
    42             return false;
    43         }
    44     }
    45 
    46     @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    47     public String ribbon(){
    48         return studentClientService.ribbon();
    49     }
    50 }

    先启动三个eureka,再启动带hystrix的provider,最后启动普通的consumer;

     

    因为 Hystrix默认1算超时,所有 sleep了2秒 所以进入自定义fallback方法,防止服务雪崩;

    我们这里改sleep修改成100毫秒;

    Hystrix默认超时时间设置

    Hystrix默认超时时间是1秒,我们可以通过hystrix源码看到,

    找到 hystrix-core.jar com.netflix.hystrix包下的HystrixCommandProperties类

    default_executionTimeoutInMilliseconds属性局势默认的超时时间

    默认1000毫秒 1秒

    我们系统里假如要自定义设置hystrix的默认时间的话;

    application.yml配置文件加上

     改成3秒  然后 我们代码里sleep修改成2秒测试;

     sleep修改成4秒;

    Hystrix服务监控Dashboard

    Hystrix服务监控Dashboard仪表盘

    Hystrix提供了 准实时的服务调用监控项目Dashboard,能够实时记录通过Hystrix发起的请求执行情况,

    可以通过图表的形式展现给用户看。

    我们新建项目:

    microservice-student-consumer-hystrix-dashboard-90

    pom

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     3          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     4     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     5     <parent>
     6         <groupId>com.javaqi</groupId>
     7         <artifactId>qimicroservice</artifactId>
     8         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     9     </parent>
    10     <artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-hystrix-dashboard-90</artifactId>
    11 
    12     <properties>
    13         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    14     </properties>
    15 
    16     <dependencies>
    17         <dependency>
    18             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    19             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    20         </dependency>
    21 
    22         <dependency>
    23             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    24             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    25             <scope>test</scope>
    26             <exclusions>
    27                 <exclusion>
    28                     <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
    29                     <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
    30                 </exclusion>
    31             </exclusions>
    32         </dependency>
    33 
    34         <!--Hystrix服务监控Dashboard依赖-->
    35         <dependency>
    36             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    37             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
    38         </dependency>
    39         <dependency>
    40             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    41             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
    42         </dependency>
    43         <dependency>
    44             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    45             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    46         </dependency>
    47 
    48     </dependencies>
    49 
    50     <build>
    51         <plugins>
    52             <plugin>
    53                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    54                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    55             </plugin>
    56         </plugins>
    57     </build>
    58 
    59 </project>

    配置application.yml

    1 server:
    2   port: 90
    3   servlet:
    4     context-path: /

    启动类:StudentConsumerDashBoardApplication_90

    加注解:@EnableHystrixDashboard   

     1 package com.javaqi.microservicestudentconsumerhystrixdashboard90;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
     4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
     5 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
     6 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
     7 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
     8 
     9 @SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
    10 @EnableHystrixDashboard
    11 public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerHystrixDashboard90Application {
    12 
    13     public static void main(String[] args) {
    14         SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerHystrixDashboard90Application.class, args);
    15     }
    16 
    17 }

    启动

    启动三个eureka,然后再启动microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004

    直接请求http://localhost:1004/student/hystrix

    指标含义:

    各种情况:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xcn123/p/12008785.html
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