• 【Unique Paths】cpp


    题目:

    A robot is located at the top-left corner of a m x n grid (marked 'Start' in the diagram below).

    The robot can only move either down or right at any point in time. The robot is trying to reach the bottom-right corner of the grid (marked 'Finish' in the diagram below).

    How many possible unique paths are there?

    Above is a 3 x 7 grid. How many possible unique paths are there?

    Note: m and n will be at most 100.

    代码:

    class Solution {
    public:
        int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
                int dp[m][n];
                memset(dp, 0, sizeof(dp));
                for ( size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i ) dp[0][i] = 1;
                for ( size_t i = 0; i < m; ++i ) dp[i][0] = 1;
                for ( size_t i = 1; i < m; ++i )
                {
                    for ( size_t j = 1; j < n; ++j )
                    {
                        dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j] + dp[i][j-1];
                    }
                }
                return dp[m-1][n-1];
        }
    };

    tips:

    常规dp解法。

    =====================================

    上面的代码有可以改进的地方:dp[m][n]并不用这些额外空间,只需要两个长度为n的数组即可;一个保存前一行的状态,一个用于遍历当前行的状态,每次滚动更新,可以省去额外空间。沿着上述思路改进了一版代码如下:

    class Solution {
    public:
        int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
                int curr[n], pre[n];
                for ( size_t i = 0; i<n; ++i ) { pre[i]=1; curr[i]=0; }
                curr[0] = 1;
                for ( size_t i = 1; i<m; ++i )
                {
                    for ( size_t j = 1; j<n; ++j )
                    {
                        curr[j] = curr[j-1] + pre[j];
                        pre[j] = curr[j];
                    }
                    curr[0] = 1;
                }
                return pre[n-1];
        }
    };

    这个代码空间复杂度降到了O(n),但还是可以改进。其实只用一个一维的数组dp就可以了,代码如下。

    class Solution {
    public:
        int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
                int curr[n];
                memset(curr, 0, sizeof(curr));
                curr[0] = 1;
                for ( size_t i = 0; i < m; ++i )
                {
                    for ( size_t j = 1; j < n; ++j )
                    {
                        curr[j] = curr[j-1] + curr[j];
                    }
                }
                return curr[n-1];
        }
    };

    这里用到了滚动数组的技巧。有个细节需要注意,外层dp是可以从0行开始,省去了一部分代码。

    =====================================

    再学一种深搜+缓存(即“备忘录”)解法。

    class Solution {
    public:
        int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
                vector<vector<int> > cache(m+1,vector<int>(n+1,0));
                return Solution::dfs(m, n, cache);
        }
        static int dfs( int x, int y, vector<vector<int> >& cache )
        {
                if ( x<1 || y<1 ) return 0;
                if ( x==1 && y==1 ) return 1;
                int left = cache[x-1][y]>0 ? cache[x-1][y] : cache[x-1][y]=Solution::dfs(x-1, y, cache);
                int up = cache[x][y-1]>0 ? cache[x][y-1] : cache[x][y-1]=Solution::dfs(x, y-1, cache);
                return left+up;
        }
    };

    有点儿类似动态规划的思想:开一个cache数组保存已经深搜遍历过的中间结果,避免重复遍历。

    这里有个简化代码的技巧:定义cache的时候多定义一行和一列,这样在深搜的过程中按照dfs中的代码可以省去判断cache下标是否越界的逻辑。

    ===============================================

    第二次过这道题,直接写了一个dp的做法。

    class Solution {
    public:
        int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
                int dp[m][n];
                fill_n(&dp[0][0], m*n, 0);
                for ( int i=0; i<n; ++i ) dp[0][i]=1;
                for ( int i=0; i<m; ++i ) dp[i][0]=1;
                for ( int i=1; i<m; ++i )
                {
                    for ( int j=1; j<n; ++j )
                    {
                        dp[i][j] = dp[i][j-1] + dp[i-1][j];
                    }
                }
                return dp[m-1][n-1];
        }
    };
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xbf9xbf/p/4530940.html
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