• logstash配置文件详解


     logstash pipeline 包含两个必须的元素:input和output,和一个可选元素:filter。

     从input读取事件源,(经过filter解析和处理之后),从output输出到目标存储库(elasticsearch或其他)。

      在生产环境使用logstash,一般使用都将配置写入文件里面,然后启动logstash。

    具体参照官网:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/7.1/index.html

      处理nginx日志

    # vim nginx_access.conf
    input{
        file{
            path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
            start_position => "beginning"
            type => "nginx_access_log"
        }
    }
    filter{
        grok{
            match => {"message" => "%{IPORHOST:clientip} %{USER:ident} %{USER:auth} [%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}] "%{WORD:verb} %{DATA:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" %{NUMBER:response:int} (?:-|%{NUMBER:bytes:int}) "(?:-|%{DATA:referrer})" "%{DATA:user_agent}" (?:%{IP:proxy}|-) %{DATA:upstream_addr} %{NUMBER:upstream_request_time:float} %{NUMBER:upstream_response_time:float}"}
            match => {"message" => "%{IPORHOST:clientip} %{USER:ident} %{USER:auth} [%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}] "%{WORD:verb} %{DATA:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" %{NUMBER:response:int} (?:-|%{NUMBER:bytes:int}) "%{DATA:referrer}" "%{DATA:user_agent}" "%{DATA:proxy}""}
        }
        if [request] {
            urldecode {
                field => "request"
            }
           ruby {
               init => "@kname = ['url_path','url_arg']"
               code => "
                   new_event = LogStash::Event.new(Hash[@kname.zip(event.get('request').split('?'))])
                   event.append(new_event)"
           }
            if [url_arg] {
                ruby {
                   init => "@kname = ['key', 'value']"
                   code => "event.set('url_args', event.get('url_arg').split('&').collect {|i| Hash[@kname.zip(i.split('='))]})"
                    }
            }
        }
        geoip{
            source => "clientip"
        }
        useragent{
            source => "user_agent"
            target => "ua"
            remove_field => "user_agent"
        }
        date {
            match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z"]
            locale => "en"
        }
        mutate{
            remove_field => ["message","timestamp","request","url_arg"]
        }
    }
    output{
        elasticsearch {      
            hosts => "localhost:9200"
            index => "nginx-access-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"   
        }
    #  stdout {
    #     codec => rubydebug
    #  } }

    如果是想测试配置文件写的是否正确,用下面这个方式启动测试一下

    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx.conf  #测试配置文件
    Configuration OK
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx_access.conf  #启动logstash

    启动logstash

    # systemctl start logstash

     input plugin  让logstash可以读取特定的事件源。

     官网:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/input-plugins.html

     事件源可以是从stdin屏幕输入读取,可以从file指定的文件,也可以从es,filebeat,kafka,redis等读取

    • stdin 标准输入
    • file   从文件读取数据
      file{
          path => ['/var/log/nginx/access.log']  #要输入的文件路径
          type => 'nginx_access_log'
          start_position => "beginning"
      }
      # path  可以用/var/log/*.log,/var/log/**/*.log,如果是/var/log则是/var/log/*.log
      # type 通用选项. 用于激活过滤器
      # start_position 选择logstash开始读取文件的位置,begining或者end。
      还有一些常用的例如:discover_interval,exclude,sincedb_path,sincedb_write_interval等可以参考官网
    • syslog  通过网络将系统日志消息读取为事件
      syslog{
          port =>"514" 
          type => "syslog"
      }
      # port 指定监听端口(同时建立TCP/UDP的514端口的监听)
      
      #从syslogs读取需要实现配置rsyslog:
      # cat /etc/rsyslog.conf   加入一行
      *.* @172.17.128.200:514   #指定日志输入到这个端口,然后logstash监听这个端口,如果有新日志输入则读取
      # service rsyslog restart   #重启日志服务
       
    • beats   从Elastic beats接收事件
      beats {
          port => 5044   #要监听的端口
      }
      # 还有host等选项
      
      # 从beat读取需要先配置beat端,从beat输出到logstash。
      # vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml 
      ..........
      output.logstash:
      hosts: ["localhost:5044"]
    • kafka  将 kafka topic 中的数据读取为事件
      kafka{
          bootstrap_servers=> "kafka01:9092,kafka02:9092,kafka03:9092"
          topics => ["access_log"]
          group_id => "logstash-file"
          codec => "json"
      }
      kafka{
          bootstrap_servers=> "kafka01:9092,kafka02:9092,kafka03:9092"
          topics => ["weixin_log","user_log"]  
          codec => "json"
      }
      # bootstrap_servers 用于建立群集初始连接的Kafka实例的URL列表。
      # topics 要订阅的主题列表,kafka topics
      # group_id 消费者所属组的标识符,默认为logstash。kafka中一个主题的消息将通过相同的方式分发到Logstash的group_id # codec 通用选项,用于输入数据的编解码器。

       还有很多的input插件类型,可以参考官方文档来配置。

    filter plugin 过滤器插件,对事件执行中间处理

    • grok   解析文本并构造 。把非结构化日志数据通过正则解析成结构化和可查询化  
      grok {
                  match => {"message"=>"^%{IPORHOST:clientip} %{USER:ident} %{USER:auth} [%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}] "%{WORD:verb} %{DATA:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" %{NUMBER:response:int} (?:-|%{NUMBER:bytes:int}) %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent}$"}
              }
      匹配nginx日志
      # 203.202.254.16 - - [22/Jun/2018:16:12:54 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3700 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/601.7.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/9.1.2 Safari/601.7.7"
      #220.181.18.96 - - [13/Jun/2015:21:14:28 +0000] "GET /blog/geekery/xvfb-firefox.html HTTP/1.1" 200 10975 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)"
      复制代码
          grok {
                  match => {"message"=>"^%{IPORHOST:clientip} %{USER:ident} %{USER:auth} [%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}] "%{WORD:verb} %{DATA:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" %{NUMBER:response:int} (?:-|%{NUMBER:bytes:int}) %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent}$"}
              }
      匹配nginx日志
      # 203.202.254.16 - - [22/Jun/2018:16:12:54 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3700 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/601.7.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/9.1.2 Safari/601.7.7"
      #220.181.18.96 - - [13/Jun/2015:21:14:28 +0000] "GET /blog/geekery/xvfb-firefox.html HTTP/1.1" 200 10975 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)"
      复制代码
    •  注意这里grok 可以有多个match匹配规则,如果前面的匹配失败可以使用后面的继续匹配。例如
       grok {
                  match => ["message", "%{IP:clientip} - %{USER:user} [%{HTTPDATE:raw_datetime}] "(?:%{WORD:verb} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})" (?:"%{DATA:body}" )?(?:"%{DATA:cookie}" )?%{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes:int}|-) "%{DATA:referrer}" "%{DATA:agent}" (?:(%{IP:proxy},? ?)*|-|unknown) (?:%{DATA:upstream_addr} |)%{NUMBER:request_time:float} (?:%{NUMBER:upstream_time:float}|-)"]
                  match => ["message", "%{IP:clientip} - %{USER:user} [%{HTTPDATE:raw_datetime}] "(?:%{WORD:verb} %{URI:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})" (?:"%{DATA:body}" )?(?:"%{DATA:cookie}" )?%{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes:int}|-) "%{DATA:referrer}" "%{DATA:agent}" (?:(%{IP:proxy},? ?)*|-|unknown) (?:%{DATA:upstream_addr} |)%{NUMBER:request_time:float} (?:%{NUMBER:upstream_time:float}|-)"]       
              }
      复制代码
              grok {
                  match => ["message", "%{IP:clientip} - %{USER:user} [%{HTTPDATE:raw_datetime}] "(?:%{WORD:verb} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})" (?:"%{DATA:body}" )?(?:"%{DATA:cookie}" )?%{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes:int}|-) "%{DATA:referrer}" "%{DATA:agent}" (?:(%{IP:proxy},? ?)*|-|unknown) (?:%{DATA:upstream_addr} |)%{NUMBER:request_time:float} (?:%{NUMBER:upstream_time:float}|-)"]
                  match => ["message", "%{IP:clientip} - %{USER:user} [%{HTTPDATE:raw_datetime}] "(?:%{WORD:verb} %{URI:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})" (?:"%{DATA:body}" )?(?:"%{DATA:cookie}" )?%{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes:int}|-) "%{DATA:referrer}" "%{DATA:agent}" (?:(%{IP:proxy},? ?)*|-|unknown) (?:%{DATA:upstream_addr} |)%{NUMBER:request_time:float} (?:%{NUMBER:upstream_time:float}|-)"]       
              }
      复制代码

          grok 语法:%{SYNTAX:SEMANTIC}   即 %{正则:自定义字段名}

                         官方提供了很多正则的grok pattern可以直接使用  :https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/blob/master/patterns  

                         grok debug工具: http://grokdebug.herokuapp.com

          正则表达式调试工具: https://www.debuggex.com/

        需要用到较多的正则知识,参考文档有:https://www.jb51.net/tools/zhengze.html

             自定义模式:   (?<字段名>the pattern)

            例如: 匹配 2018/06/27 14:00:54  

                    (?<datetime>dddd/dd/dd dd:dd:dd)

              得到结果:  "datetime": "2018/06/27 14:00:54"

     

    • date   日期解析  解析字段中的日期,然后转存到@timestamp
      [2018-07-04 17:43:35,503]
      grok{
            match => {"message"=>"%{DATA:raw_datetime}"}
      }
      date{
             match => ["raw_datetime","YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS"]
              remove_field =>["raw_datetime"]
      }
      
      #将raw_datetime存到@timestamp 然后删除raw_datetime
      
      #24/Jul/2018:18:15:05 +0800
      date {
            match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z]
      }
      复制代码
      [2018-07-04 17:43:35,503]
      grok{
            match => {"message"=>"%{DATA:raw_datetime}"}
      }
      date{
             match => ["raw_datetime","YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS"]
              remove_field =>["raw_datetime"]
      }
      
      #将raw_datetime存到@timestamp 然后删除raw_datetime
      
      #24/Jul/2018:18:15:05 +0800
      date {
            match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z]
      }
      复制代码
    • mutate  对字段做处理 重命名、删除、替换和修改字段。
      • covert 类型转换。类型包括:integer,float,integer_eu,float_eu,string和boolean
        filter{
            mutate{
        #     covert => ["response","integer","bytes","float"]  #数组的类型转换
                convert => {"message"=>"integer"}
            }
        }
        #测试------->
        {
                  "host" => "localhost",
               "message" => 123,    #没带“”,int类型
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:51:08.651Z,
              "@version" => "1"
        }

        复制代码
        filter{
            mutate{
        #     covert => ["response","integer","bytes","float"]  #数组的类型转换
                convert => {"message"=>"integer"}
            }
        }
        #测试------->
        {
                  "host" => "localhost",
               "message" => 123,    #没带“”,int类型
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:51:08.651Z,
              "@version" => "1"
        }
        复制代码
      • split   使用分隔符把字符串分割成数组
        mutate{
            split => {"message"=>","}
        }
        #---------->
        aaa,bbb
        {
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:40:19.678Z,
              "@version" => "1",
                  "host" => "localhost",
               "message" => [
                [0] "aaa",
                [1] "bbb"
            ]}
        192,128,1,100
        {
                "host" => "localhost",
             "message" => [
              [0] "192",
              [1] "128",
              [2] "1",
              [3] "100"
         ],
          "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:45:17.877Z,
            "@version" => "1"
        }
        复制代码
        mutate{
            split => {"message"=>","}
        }
        #---------->
        aaa,bbb
        {
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:40:19.678Z,
              "@version" => "1",
                  "host" => "localhost",
               "message" => [
                [0] "aaa",
                [1] "bbb"
            ]}
        192,128,1,100
        {
                "host" => "localhost",
             "message" => [
              [0] "192",
              [1] "128",
              [2] "1",
              [3] "100"
         ],
          "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:45:17.877Z,
            "@version" => "1"
        }
        复制代码
      • merge  合并字段  。数组和字符串 ,字符串和字符串
        filter{
            mutate{
                add_field => {"field1"=>"value1"}
            }
            mutate{ 
                  split => {"message"=>"."}   #把message字段按照.分割
            }
            mutate{
                merge => {"message"=>"field1"}   #将filed1字段加入到message字段
            }
        }
        #--------------->
        abc
        {
               "message" => [
                [0] "abc,"
                [1] "value1"
            ],
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:38:57.114Z,
                "field1" => "value1",
              "@version" => "1",
                  "host" => "localhost"
        }
        
        abc,.123
        {
               "message" => [
                [0] "abc,",
                [1] "123",
                [2] "value1"
            ],
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:38:57.114Z,
                "field1" => "value1",
              "@version" => "1",
                  "host" => "localhost"
        }
        复制代码
        filter{
            mutate{
                add_field => {"field1"=>"value1"}
            }
            mutate{ 
                  split => {"message"=>"."}   #把message字段按照.分割
            }
            mutate{
                merge => {"message"=>"field1"}   #将filed1字段加入到message字段
            }
        }
        #--------------->
        abc
        {
               "message" => [
                [0] "abc,"
                [1] "value1"
            ],
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:38:57.114Z,
                "field1" => "value1",
              "@version" => "1",
                  "host" => "localhost"
        }
        
        abc,.123
        {
               "message" => [
                [0] "abc,",
                [1] "123",
                [2] "value1"
            ],
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:38:57.114Z,
                "field1" => "value1",
              "@version" => "1",
                  "host" => "localhost"
        }
        复制代码
      • rename   对字段重命名
        filter{
            mutate{
                rename => {"message"=>"info"}
            }
        }
        #-------->
        123
        {
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:56:00.189Z,
                  "info" => "123",
              "@version" => "1",
                  "host" => "localhost"
        }
        复制代码
        filter{
            mutate{
                rename => {"message"=>"info"}
            }
        }
        #-------->
        123
        {
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:56:00.189Z,
                  "info" => "123",
              "@version" => "1",
                  "host" => "localhost"
        }
        复制代码
      • remove_field    移除字段
        mutate {
            remove_field => ["message","datetime"]
        }
        mutate {
            remove_field => ["message","datetime"]
        }
      • join  用分隔符连接数组,如果不是数组则不做处理
        mutate{
                split => {"message"=>":"}
        }
        mutate{
                join => {"message"=>","}
        }
        ------>
        abc:123
        {
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:55:41.426Z,
               "message" => "abc,123",
                  "host" => "localhost",
              "@version" => "1"
        }
        aa:cc
        {
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:55:47.501Z,
               "message" => "aa,cc",
                  "host" => "localhost",
              "@version" => "1"
        }
        复制代码
        mutate{
                split => {"message"=>":"}
        }
        mutate{
                join => {"message"=>","}
        }
        ------>
        abc:123
        {
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:55:41.426Z,
               "message" => "abc,123",
                  "host" => "localhost",
              "@version" => "1"
        }
        aa:cc
        {
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:55:47.501Z,
               "message" => "aa,cc",
                  "host" => "localhost",
              "@version" => "1"
        }
        复制代码
      • gsub  用正则或者字符串替换字段值。仅对字符串有效 
        mutate{
                gsub => ["message","/","_"]   #用_替换/
            }
        
        ------>
        a/b/c/
        {
              "@version" => "1",
               "message" => "a_b_c_",
                  "host" => "localhost",
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T06:20:10.811Z
        }
        复制代码
            mutate{
                gsub => ["message","/","_"]   #用_替换/
            }
        
        ------>
        a/b/c/
        {
              "@version" => "1",
               "message" => "a_b_c_",
                  "host" => "localhost",
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T06:20:10.811Z
        }
        复制代码
      • update  更新字段。如果字段不存在,则不做处理
        mutate{
                add_field => {"field1"=>"value1"}
            }
            mutate{
                update => {"field1"=>"v1"}
                update => {"field2"=>"v2"}    #field2不存在 不做处理
            }
        ---------------->
        {
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T06:26:28.870Z,
                "field1" => "v1",
                  "host" => "localhost",
              "@version" => "1",
               "message" => "a"
        }

        复制代码
            mutate{
                add_field => {"field1"=>"value1"}
            }
            mutate{
                update => {"field1"=>"v1"}
                update => {"field2"=>"v2"}    #field2不存在 不做处理
            }
        ---------------->
        {
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T06:26:28.870Z,
                "field1" => "v1",
                  "host" => "localhost",
              "@version" => "1",
               "message" => "a"
        }
        复制代码
      • replace 更新字段。如果字段不存在,则创建
         mutate{
                add_field => {"field1"=>"value1"}
            }
            mutate{
                replace => {"field1"=>"v1"}
                replace => {"field2"=>"v2"}
            }
        ---------------------->
        {
               "message" => "1",
                  "host" => "localhost",
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T06:28:09.915Z,
                "field2" => "v2",        #field2不存在,则新建
              "@version" => "1",
                "field1" => "v1"
        }
        复制代码
            mutate{
                add_field => {"field1"=>"value1"}
            }
            mutate{
                replace => {"field1"=>"v1"}
                replace => {"field2"=>"v2"}
            }
        ---------------------->
        {
               "message" => "1",
                  "host" => "localhost",
            "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T06:28:09.915Z,
                "field2" => "v2",        #field2不存在,则新建
              "@version" => "1",
                "field1" => "v1"
        }
        复制代码
    • geoip  根据来自Maxmind GeoLite2数据库的数据添加有关IP地址的地理位置的信息
       geoip {
                  source => "clientip"
                  database =>"/tmp/GeoLiteCity.dat"
              }
              geoip {
                  source => "clientip"
                  database =>"/tmp/GeoLiteCity.dat"
              }
    • ruby    ruby插件可以执行任意Ruby代码
      filter{
          urldecode{
              field => "message"
          }
          ruby {
              init => "@kname = ['url_path','url_arg']"
              code => " 
                  new_event = LogStash::Event.new(Hash[@kname.zip(event.get('message').split('?'))]) 
                  event.append(new_event)"
          }
          if [url_arg]{
              kv{
                  source => "url_arg"
                  field_split => "&"
                  target => "url_args"
                  remove_field => ["url_arg","message"]
              }
          }
      }
      # ruby插件
      # 以?为分隔符,将request字段分成url_path和url_arg
      -------------------->
      www.test.com?test
      {
             "url_arg" => "test",
                "host" => "localhost",
            "url_path" => "www.test.com",
             "message" => "www.test.com?test",  
            "@version" => "1",
          "@timestamp" =>  2018-06-26T07:31:04.887Z
      }
      www.test.com?title=elk&content=学习elk
      {
            "url_args" => {
                "title" => "elk",
              "content" => "学习elk"
          },
                "host" => "localhost",
            "url_path" => "www.test.com",
            "@version" => "1",
          "@timestamp" =>  2018-06-26T07:33:54.507Z
      }
      复制代码
      filter{
          urldecode{
              field => "message"
          }
          ruby {
              init => "@kname = ['url_path','url_arg']"
              code => " 
                  new_event = LogStash::Event.new(Hash[@kname.zip(event.get('message').split('?'))]) 
                  event.append(new_event)"
          }
          if [url_arg]{
              kv{
                  source => "url_arg"
                  field_split => "&"
                  target => "url_args"
                  remove_field => ["url_arg","message"]
              }
          }
      }
      # ruby插件
      # 以?为分隔符,将request字段分成url_path和url_arg
      -------------------->
      www.test.com?test
      {
             "url_arg" => "test",
                "host" => "localhost",
            "url_path" => "www.test.com",
             "message" => "www.test.com?test",  
            "@version" => "1",
          "@timestamp" =>  2018-06-26T07:31:04.887Z
      }
      www.test.com?title=elk&content=学习elk
      {
            "url_args" => {
                "title" => "elk",
              "content" => "学习elk"
          },
                "host" => "localhost",
            "url_path" => "www.test.com",
            "@version" => "1",
          "@timestamp" =>  2018-06-26T07:33:54.507Z
      }
      复制代码
    • urldecode    用于解码被编码的字段,可以解决URL中 中文乱码的问题
       urldecode{
              field => "message"
          }
      
      # field :指定urldecode过滤器要转码的字段,默认值是"message"
      # charset(缺省): 指定过滤器使用的编码.默认UTF-8
          urldecode{
              field => "message"
          }
      
      # field :指定urldecode过滤器要转码的字段,默认值是"message"
      # charset(缺省): 指定过滤器使用的编码.默认UTF-8
    • kv   通过指定分隔符将字符串分割成key/value
      kv{
              prefix => "url_"   #给分割后的key加前缀
              target => "url_ags"    #将分割后的key-value放入指定字段
              source => "message"   #要分割的字段
              field_split => "&"    #指定分隔符
              remove_field => "message"
          }
      -------------------------->
      a=1&b=2&c=3
      {
                  "host" => "localhost",
             "url_ags" => {
                "url_c" => "3",
                "url_a" => "1",
                "url_b" => "2"
          },
            "@version" => "1",
          "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T07:07:24.557Z

      复制代码
      kv{
              prefix => "url_"   #给分割后的key加前缀
              target => "url_ags"    #将分割后的key-value放入指定字段
              source => "message"   #要分割的字段
              field_split => "&"    #指定分隔符
              remove_field => "message"
          }
      -------------------------->
      a=1&b=2&c=3
      {
                  "host" => "localhost",
             "url_ags" => {
                "url_c" => "3",
                "url_a" => "1",
                "url_b" => "2"
          },
            "@version" => "1",
          "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T07:07:24.557Z
      复制代码
    • useragent 添加有关用户代理(如系列,操作系统,版本和设备)的信息
      if [agent] != "-" {
        useragent {
          source => "agent"
          target => "ua"
          remove_field => "agent"
        }
      }
      # if语句,只有在agent字段不为空时才会使用该插件
      #source 为必填设置,目标字段
      #target 将useragent信息配置到ua字段中。如果不指定将存储在根目录中

      复制代码
      if [agent] != "-" {
        useragent {
          source => "agent"
          target => "ua"
          remove_field => "agent"
        }
      }
      # if语句,只有在agent字段不为空时才会使用该插件
      #source 为必填设置,目标字段
      #target 将useragent信息配置到ua字段中。如果不指定将存储在根目录中
      复制代码

    logstash 比较运算符

      等于:   ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
      正则:   =~, !~ (checks a pattern on the right against a string value on the left)
      包含关系:  in, not in

      支持的布尔运算符:and, or, nand, xor

      支持的一元运算符: !

    output plugin  输出插件,将事件发送到特定目标。

    • stdout  标准输出。将事件输出到屏幕上
      output{
          stdout{
              codec => "rubydebug"
          }
      }
    • file   将事件写入文件
          file {
             path => "/data/logstash/%{host}/{application}
             codec => line { format => "%{message}"} }
          }
    • kafka  将事件发送到kafka
          kafka{
              bootstrap_servers => "localhost:9092"
              topic_id => "test_topic"  #必需的设置。生成消息的主题
          }
    • elasticseach  在es中存储日志
          elasticsearch {
              hosts => "localhost:9200"
              index => "nginx-access-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"  
          }
      #index 事件写入的索引。可以按照日志来创建索引,以便于删旧数据和按时间来搜索日志

     补充一个codec plugin 编解码器插件

      codec 本质上是流过滤器,可以作为input 或output 插件的一部分运行。例如上面output的stdout插件里有用到。

    • multiline codec plugin  多行合并, 处理堆栈日志或者其他带有换行符日志需要用到
      input {
        stdin {
          codec => multiline {
            pattern => "pattern, a regexp"    #正则匹配规则,匹配到的内容按照下面两个参数处理
            negate => "true" or "false"     # 默认为false。处理匹配符合正则规则的行。如果为true,处理不匹配符合正则规则的行。
            what => "previous" or "next"    #指定上下文。将指定的行是合并到上一行或者下一行。
          }
        }
      }
      codec => multiline {
          pattern => "^s"  
          what => "previous"  
      }
      # 以空格开头的行都合并到上一行
      
      codec => multiline {
          # Grok pattern names are valid! :)
          pattern => "^%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601} "
          negate => true
          what => "previous"
      }
      # 任何不以这个时间戳格式开头的行都与上一行合并
      
      codec => multiline {
         pattern => "\$"
         what => "next"
      }
      # 以反斜杠结尾的行都与下一行合并
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wzxmt/p/11031110.html
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