Java 8 find first element by predicate

Question

I've just started playing with Java 8 lambdas and I'm trying to implement some of the things that I'm used to in functional languages.

For example, most functional languages have some kind of find function that operates on sequences, or lists that returns the first element, for which the predicate is true. The only way I can see to achieve this in Java 8 is:

lst.stream()
    .filter(x -> x > 5)
    .findFirst()

However this seems inefficient to me, as the filter will scan the whole list, at least to my understanding (which could be wrong). Is there a better way?

It's not inefficient, Java 8 Stream implementation is lazy evaluated, so filter is applied only to terminal operation. Same question here:stackoverflow.com/questions/21219667/stream-and-lazy-evaluation — Marek Gregor, May 16 at 13:35
Cool. That's what I hoped it'd do. It would've been a major design flop otherwise. — siki, May 16 at 13:52

ZouZou · Accepted Answer · 2014-05-16 13:48:40Z

No filter does not scan the whole stream. It's an intermediate operation, which returns a lazy stream (actually all intermediate operations return a lazy stream). To convince you, you can simply do:

List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(1,10,3,7,5));
int a = list.stream().filter(x -> {System.out.println("filtered"); return x > 5;}).findFirst().get();
System.out.println(a);

Which outputs:

filtered
filtered
10

You see that only the two first elements of the stream are actually processed.

So you can go with your approach which is perfectly fine.

list.stream().peek(System.out::println).filter(x -> x>5).findFirst()will demonstrate it as well… — Holger, May 19 at 8:42

score 2 · Answer 2

However this seems inefficient to me, as the filter will scan the whole list

No it won't - it will "break" as soon as the first element satisfying the predicate is found. You can read more about laziness in the stream package javadoc, in particular (emphasis mine):

Many stream operations, such as filtering, mapping, or duplicate removal, can be implemented lazily, exposing opportunities for optimization. For example, "find the first String with three consecutive vowels" need not examine all the input strings. Stream operations are divided into intermediate (Stream-producing) operations and terminal (value- or side-effect-producing) operations. Intermediate operations are always lazy.

lambda -- Java 8 find first element by predicate

Java 8 find first element by predicate

2 Answers