• Zookeeper客户端介绍


     客户端是开发人员使用Zookeeper的主要的途径,以下内容将对Zookeeper的内部原理进行详细的学习和讲解。ZooKeeper的客户端主要有一下几个核心组件组成:

    • Zookeeper:提供客户端访问ZooKeeper服务器的API.
    • ClientWatchManager:负责管理客户端注册的Watcher.
    • HostProvider:客户端地址列表管理器。
    • ClientCnxn:客户端核心线程,其内部包含连个线程及SendThread和EvnentThread。SendThread是一个IO线程主要负责客户端和服务端之间的网络通信;后者是一个事件处理线程,主要负责对服务端时间进行处理。

      客户端的整体架构如下:

     

    实例

      下面使用具体的实例结合源码来分析Zookeeper源码创建的过程:如下代码是一个单例的ZooKeeperSupport可以用来回去Zookeeper客户端对象:

     1 public class ZookeeperSupport {    
     2     private static volatile ZooKeeper zooKeeper = null; // zookeeper连接,在初始化zk配置时设置
     3     public static final Integer zooKeeperLock = new Integer(1);
     4     public static boolean isUseZk = true; // 是否使用zk,默认使用,当zk连接发生异常时不再使用
     5     public static final long ZK_CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 1L; //zk连接的超时时间设置,单位为秒
     6     
     7     public static ZooKeeper getZooKeeper() {
     8         // 如果zookeeper为null 或者连接不可用,则重新获取连接,一般情况下,不会触发
     9         if (zooKeeper == null || !zooKeeper.getState().isAlive()) {
    10             synchronized (zooKeeperLock) {
    11                 // 如果发现zk不再使用,则不再创建新的zk,直接返回
    12                 if (isUseZk) {
    13                     if (zooKeeper == null || !zooKeeper.getState().isAlive()) {
    14                         try {
    15                             zooKeeper = createNewZookeper();
    16                         } catch (Exception e) {
    17                             Constant.log_cron.error("[initZkConfig] error happen where new zookeeper", e);
    18                         }
    19                     }
    20                 }
    21             }
    22         }
    23         return zooKeeper;
    24     }
    25     
    26     public static void setZooKeeper(ZooKeeper zooKeeper) {
    27         ZookeeperSupport.zooKeeper = zooKeeper;
    28     }
    29     
    30     /**
    31      * zookeeper启动时,异步启动两个线程,所以new之后并不代表连接已经建立,此时如果调用zk的一些方法会抛ConnectionLoss的异常
    32      * 为了避免这种情况,封装new方法,每次new的时候去等待连接已经建立才做后面的步骤
    33      * 
    34      * @return
    35      * @throws Exception
    36      */
    37     public static ZooKeeper createNewZookeper() throws Exception {
    38         CountDownLatch connectedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
    39         ZooKeeper zooKeeper = new ZooKeeper(ZKConfig.getInstance().getConnectUrl(), ZKConfig.getInstance().getTimeout(), new DefaultWatcher(connectedLatch));    
    40         if (States.CONNECTING == zooKeeper.getState()) {
    41             boolean ret = connectedLatch.await(ZK_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    42             // 如果等待超时了,还没有收到连接成功的通知,则说明zk不可用,直接不用zk,并报警
    43             if(!ret){
    44                 isUseZk = false;
    45             }
    46         }
    47         return zooKeeper;
    48     }    
    49 }
    View Code

      为了使用Zookeeper服务,必需创建一个Zookeeper类的对象。在创建Zookeeper类的对象时客户端Session的建立是一个异步的过程,构造方法可能会在回话完成建立完成前立即返回,构造方法中的Watcher就是处理连接状态通知的接口。下面给出了DefaultWatcher实现:

     1 public class DefaultWatcher implements Watcher {
     2     private CountDownLatch connectedLatch;
     3     public DefaultWatcher(CountDownLatch connectedLatch) {
     4         this.connectedLatch = connectedLatch;
     5     }
     6     // 监控所有被触发的事件
     7     @Override
     8     public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
     9         if (connectedLatch != null && event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
    10             connectedLatch.countDown();
    11         }
    12     }
    13 }
    View Code

     源码分析

      Zookeeper类一共有9个构造函数,具体参数的意义如下:

      由上面的实例可知,在创建Zookeeper对象时最终调用了如下的构造函数:

     1 可以看到上面的实例中最终调用了这个构造方法:
     2 public ZooKeeper(String connectString, int sessionTimeout, Watcher watcher,
     3             boolean canBeReadOnly, HostProvider aHostProvider,
     4             ZKClientConfig clientConfig) throws IOException {
     5         if (clientConfig == null) {
     6             clientConfig = new ZKClientConfig();
     7         }
     8         this.clientConfig = clientConfig;
     9         //1.初始化watcherManger
    10         watchManager = defaultWatchManager();
    11         //2.为watchManager设置设置默认的Watcher
    12         watchManager.defaultWatcher = watcher;
    13         //3.解析服务器串
    14         ConnectStringParser connectStringParser = new ConnectStringParser(
    15                 connectString);
    16         hostProvider = aHostProvider;
    17         //4.创建ClientCnxn对象,并启动
    18         cnxn = new ClientCnxn(connectStringParser.getChrootPath(),
    19                 hostProvider, sessionTimeout, this, watchManager,
    20                 getClientCnxnSocket(), canBeReadOnly);
    21         cnxn.start();
    22 }
    View Code

      根据如上源码可知在初始化Zookeeper对象时主要做了三件事情:

    • 初始化ZKWatcherManager
    • 解析服务器串,并初始化hostprovider
    • 初始化并启动ClientCnxn

    1.初始化ZKWatcherManager

      下面针对上面三个步骤注意分析。WatchManager主要负责管理客户端注册的Wathcr。首先看看 defaultWatchManager()方法,

    1  protected ZKWatchManager defaultWatchManager() {
    2         return new ZKWatchManager(getClientConfig().getBoolean(ZKClientConfig.DISABLE_AUTO_WATCH_RESET));
    3     }
    View Code

      该方法创建了一个ZKWatchManager对象, ZKWatchManager实现了ClientWatchManager接口,ClientWatchManager接口只有一个materialize()方法,该方法根据keeperState、eventType和path返回应该被通知的Watcher集合。其声明如下:

    public interface ClientWatchManager {
        public Set<Watcher> materialize(Watcher.Event.KeeperState   state,
            Watcher.Event.EventType type, String path);
    }
    View Code

      接下来看看ZKWatchManager的实现,在ZKWatchManager中包含了五个属性:

    1 private final Map<String, Set<Watcher>> dataWatches =new HashMap<String, Set<Watcher>>();
    2 private final Map<String, Set<Watcher>> existWatches =new HashMap<String, Set<Watcher>>();
    3 private final Map<String, Set<Watcher>> childWatches =new HashMap<String, Set<Watcher>>();
    4 private boolean disableAutoWatchReset;//用于禁止在Client重连是在服务端重建watch
    5 protected volatile Watcher defaultWatcher;//默认的watcher
    View Code 

      在ZKWatchManager中最重要的方法是materialize()方法,下面结合源码进行分析:

    public Set<Watcher> materialize(Watcher.Event.KeeperState state, Watcher.Event.EventType type,String clientPath){
                //用于存储返回结果
                Set<Watcher> result = new HashSet<Watcher>();
                //根据EventType进行不同的操作
                switch (type) {
                case None:
                    //将defaultWatcher返回
                    result.add(defaultWatcher);
                    //如果KeeperState不是SyncConnected,并且disableAutoWatchReset为true返回所有的watcher,并清空
                    boolean clear = disableAutoWatchReset && state != Watcher.Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected;
                    synchronized(dataWatches) {
                        for(Set<Watcher> ws: dataWatches.values()) {
                            result.addAll(ws);
                        }
                        if (clear) {
                            dataWatches.clear();
                        }
                    }
    
                    synchronized(existWatches) {
                        for(Set<Watcher> ws: existWatches.values()) {
                            result.addAll(ws);
                        }
                        if (clear) {
                            existWatches.clear();
                        }
                    }
    
                    synchronized(childWatches) {
                        for(Set<Watcher> ws: childWatches.values()) {
                            result.addAll(ws);
                        }
                        if (clear) {
                            childWatches.clear();
                        }
                    }
                    return result;
                //如果EventType是NodeDataChanged或者NodeCreated,将dataWatches和existWatches
                case NodeDataChanged:
                case NodeCreated:
                    synchronized (dataWatches) {
                        addTo(dataWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                    }
                    synchronized (existWatches) {
                        addTo(existWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                    }
                    break;
                //如果EventType是NodeChildrenChanged,将childWatches返回
                case NodeChildrenChanged:
                    synchronized (childWatches) {
                        addTo(childWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                    }
                    break;
                //如果EventType是NodeDeleted,将dataWatches返回
                case NodeDeleted:
                    synchronized (dataWatches) {
                        addTo(dataWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                    }
                    synchronized (existWatches) {
                        Set<Watcher> list = existWatches.remove(clientPath);
                        if (list != null) {
                            addTo(existWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                        }
                    }
                    synchronized (childWatches) {
                        addTo(childWatches.remove(clientPath), result);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new RuntimeException(msg);
                }
                return result;
            }
    }
    View Code

      在看了ZKWatcherManager代码之后,那么产生一个疑问Watcher是在什么时候添加到ZKWatcherManager中的,以Zookeeper接口中的getData()为例:

    public void getData(final String path, Watcher watcher,DataCallback cb, Object ctx){
         …
         //在此处创建了WatchRegistration对象
         WatchRegistration wcb = null;
         if (watcher != null) {
                wcb = new DataWatchRegistration(watcher, clientPath);
         }
    
            …
         //调用clientCnxn的queuePacket方法
    cnxn.queuePacket(h,newReplyHeader(),request,response,cb,clientPath,serverPath, ctx, wcb);
    }
    View Code

      从上面可以看到在getData()方法中中创建了一个DataWatchRegistration对象,接下来再分析一下DataWatchRegistration。DataWatchRegistration继承了WatchRegistration类,WatchRegistration有一个抽象方法如下:

    1 abstract protected Map<String, Set<Watcher>> getWatches(int rc);
    View Code

      该方法从ZKWatcherManager中获取一个合适的Map。除此之外还有个register方法,真正的向ZKWatcherManager中注册Watcher,其具体代码如下:

     public void register(int rc) {
                if (shouldAddWatch(rc)) {
                    Map<String, Set<Watcher>> watches = getWatches(rc);
                    synchronized(watches) {
                        Set<Watcher> watchers = watches.get(clientPath);
                        if (watchers == null) {
                            watchers = new HashSet<Watcher>();
                            watches.put(clientPath, watchers);
                        }
                        watchers.add(watcher);
                    }
                }
    }
    View Code

      现在再看一下DataWatchRegistration中是如何实现getWatches(int rc)方法:

    protected Map<String, Set<Watcher>> getWatches(int rc) {
                return watchManager.dataWatches;
    }
    View Code

      在DataWatchRegistration中直接返回了watchManager.dataWatches register()方法在finishPacket会调用。

    2.ClinetCnxn的创建

      在Zookeeper的构造函数中,创建并启动ClientCnxn的代码如下:

    cnxn = new ClientCnxn(connectStringParser.getChrootPath(),
                    hostProvider, sessionTimeout, this, watchManager,
                    getClientCnxnSocket(), canBeReadOnly);
    cnxn.start();
    View Code 

      在构造方法中调用的getClientCnxnSocket()方法,该方法根据系统配置创建一个ClientCnxnSocket对象,具体代码如下:

     1 private ClientCnxnSocket getClientCnxnSocket() throws IOException {
     2         String clientCnxnSocketName = getClientConfig().getProperty(
     3                 ZKClientConfig.ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_CNXN_SOCKET);
     4         //默认使用ClientCnxnSocketNIO
     5 if (clientCnxnSocketName == null) {
     6             clientCnxnSocketName = ClientCnxnSocketNIO.class.getName();
     7         }
     8         try {
     9             //反射获取构造函数
    10             Constructor<?> clientCxnConstructor = Class.forName(clientCnxnSocketName).
    11 getDeclaredConstructor(ZKClientConfig.class);
    12                 //创建对象
    13             ClientCnxnSocket clientCxnSocket = (ClientCnxnSocket) clientCxnConstructor.
    14 newInstance(getClientConfig());
    15             return clientCxnSocket;
    16         } catch (Exception e) {
    17             IOException ioe = new IOException("Couldn't instantiate "
    18                     + clientCnxnSocketName);
    19             ioe.initCause(e);
    20             throw ioe;
    21         }
    22     }
    View Code 

      接下来看一下ClientCnxn的构造方法:

    public ClientCnxn(String chrootPath, HostProvider hostProvider, int sessionTimeout, ZooKeeper zooKeeper,ClientWatchManager watcher, ClientCnxnSocket clientCnxnSocket,
          long sessionId, byte[] sessionPasswd, boolean canBeReadOnly) {
            …
            connectTimeout = sessionTimeout / hostProvider.size();
            readTimeout = sessionTimeout * 2 / 3;
            …
            //初始化sendThread和EventThread
            sendThread = new SendThread(clientCnxnSocket);
            eventThread = new EventThread();
            this.clientConfig=zooKeeper.getClientConfig();
    }
    View Code

      关于sendThread和EventThread暂时先不分析,接下来看看ClientCnxn的start()方法,该方法主要用于启动sendThread线程和eventThread线程。

    1 public void start() {
    2         sendThread.start();
    3         eventThread.start();
    4 }
    View Code

    EventThread

      EventThread:主要用于处理Zookeeper客户端的各种事件,需要注意的是EventThread是一个守护线程。在EventThread内部主要包含以下几个属性: 

    1     //保存一个待处理的时间的队列
    2     final LinkedBlockingQueue<Object> waitingEvents =new LinkedBlockingQueue<Object>();
    3     private volatile KeeperState sessionState = KeeperState.Disconnected;
    4     private volatile boolean wasKilled = false;// 判断EventThread是否被杀掉
    5     private volatile boolean isRunning = false;//判断EventThread是否还在运行
    View Code 

      同时在EventThread内部有几个方法将不同待处理事件添加到waitingEvents,这些方法我们暂时不做分析。接下来看看EventThread的run()方法:

     1 public void run() {
     2            try {
     3               isRunning = true;
     4               while (true) {
     5                  //从任务队列中取出待处理任务
     6                  Object event = waitingEvents.take();
     7                  if (event == eventOfDeath) {
     8                     wasKilled = true;
     9                  } else {
    10                     //处理事务
    11                     processEvent(event);
    12                  }
    13                  if (wasKilled)
    14                     synchronized (waitingEvents) {
    15                        if (waitingEvents.isEmpty()) {
    16                           isRunning = false;
    17                           break;
    18                        }
    19                     }
    20               }
    21            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    22 23            }
    24 25 }
    View Code

      processEvent()方法比较简单,就是调用相应的对象执行相应的处理。

    SendThread 

      SendThread主要负责客户端与服务器端的IO和心跳消息。SendThread主要包含以下四个属性:

    private long lastPingSentNs;//记录上一次心跳发送时间
    private final ClientCnxnSocket clientCnxnSocket;//在ClientCnxn构造时传入的
    private Random r = new Random(System.nanoTime());        
    private boolean isFirstConnect = true;
    View Code

      SendThread的构造方法如下: 

    SendThread(ClientCnxnSocket clientCnxnSocket) {
        uper(makeThreadName("-SendThread()"));
        state = States.CONNECTING;//将ClientCnxn中state由Not_connected设置为CONNECTING
        this.clientCnxnSocket = clientCnxnSocket;
        etDaemon(true);//设置为守护线程
    }
    View Code 

      接下来看看SendThread的run方法,其中这段代码比较长先进行逐一分析:  

    clientCnxnSocket.introduce(this, sessionId, outgoingQueue);
    clientCnxnSocket.updateNow();
    clientCnxnSocket.updateLastSendAndHeard();
    int to;
    long lastPingRwServer = Time.currentElapsedTime();
    final int MAX_SEND_PING_INTERVAL = 10000; //10 seconds
    View Code

      接下来进入While循环,在循环的第一部分判断socket连接是否建立,如果没有建立就建立连接,改代码主要如下 

    if (!clientCnxnSocket.isConnected()) {
        // don't re-establish connection if we are closing
        if (closing) {
          break;
        }
        startConnect();
        lientCnxnSocket.updateLastSendAndHeard();
     }
    View Code

      进入startConnect继续跟踪,发现startConnect()最终调用了ClientCnxnSocketNIO的connect方法,在connect()方法内部先调用了createSock()方法创建一个Sockect对象,其具体实现如下:

    SocketChannel createSock() throws IOException {
            SocketChannel sock;
            sock = SocketChannel.open();
            sock.configureBlocking(false);
            sock.socket().setSoLinger(false, -1);
            sock.socket().setTcpNoDelay(true);
            return sock;
    }
    View Code

      接下来connect()方法继续调用registerAndConnect,该方法真正的向服务器端建立连接:

    void registerAndConnect(SocketChannel sock, InetSocketAddress addr) 
        throws IOException {
            sockKey = sock.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
            boolean immediateConnect = sock.connect(addr);
            if (immediateConnect) {
                sendThread.primeConnection();
            }
    }
    View Code

      可以看到在registerAndConnect方法中又调用了SendThread的primeConnection()方法,在primeConnection()方法中主要初始化Session、Watch和权限信息,同时注册ClientCnxnSocketNIO对读时间和写时间的监听。继续回到SendThread的run()方法。接下来继续判断连接状态,如果是state.isConnected()会进行一系列的操作,其中最重要的是调用sendPing()方法和clientCnxnSocket.doTransport(to, pendingQueue, ClientCnxn.this);,再此主要分析一下doTransport()方法,  

     1 void doTransport(int waitTimeOut, List<Packet> pendingQueue, ClientCnxn cnxn)
     2             throws IOException, InterruptedException {
     3         selector.select(waitTimeOut);
     4         Set<SelectionKey> selected;
     5         synchronized (this) {
     6             selected = selector.selectedKeys();
     7         }
     8         updateNow();
     9         for (SelectionKey k : selected) {
    10             SocketChannel sc = ((SocketChannel) k.channel());
    11             //如果是连接事件
    12             if ((k.readyOps() & SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT) != 0) {
    13                 if (sc.finishConnect()) {
    14                     updateLastSendAndHeard();
    15                     updateSocketAddresses();
    16                     sendThread.primeConnection();
    17                 }
    18             }
    19             //如果是读写事件
    20              else f((k.readyOps() & (SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE)) != 0) {
    21                 doIO(pendingQueue, cnxn);
    22             }
    23         }
    24         if (sendThread.getZkState().isConnected()) {
    25             if (findSendablePacket(outgoingQueue,
    26                     sendThread.tunnelAuthInProgress()) != null) {
    27                 enableWrite();
    28             }
    29         }
    30         selected.clear();
    31 }
    View Code

      可以看到最重要的方法是doIO(),在doIO()方法中主要进行读写操作.继续回到SendThread的run方法,看看run()方法在结束时做什么工作,在run()方法,跳出while循环时代码如下

    synchronized (state) {
                    // When it comes to this point, it guarantees that later queued
                    // packet to outgoingQueue will be notified of death.
                    cleanup();
                }
                //调用selector.close()
                clientCnxnSocket.close();
                if (state.isAlive()) {
                    //添加Disconnected事件
                    eventThread.queueEvent(new WatchedEvent(Event.EventType.None,
                            Event.KeeperState.Disconnected, null));
    }
    View Code

      在SendThread的run()结束前很重要的一步操作是调用cleanup()方法:

     1 private void cleanup() {
     2             //关闭网络连接
     3 clientCnxnSocket.cleanup();
     4             synchronized (pendingQueue) {
     5                 //遍历pendingQueue,执行conLossPacket
     6                 for (Packet p : pendingQueue) {
     7                     conLossPacket(p);
     8                 }
     9                 //清除pendingQueue
    10                 pendingQueue.clear();
    11             }
    12             // We can't call outgoingQueue.clear() here because
    13             // between iterating and clear up there might be new
    14             // packets added in queuePacket().
    15             Iterator<Packet> iter = outgoingQueue.iterator();
    16             while (iter.hasNext()) {
    17                 Packet p = iter.next();
    18                 conLossPacket(p);
    19                 iter.remove();
    20             }
    21 }
    View Code

      在cleanUp方法中最主要的是循环和遍历pendingQueue和outgoingQueue,并针对两个队列中每一个Packet调用conLossPacket(p)方法,最后清空两个队列,现在具体看一看conLossPacket(p)中具体做了什么事情,在conLossPacket(p)主要调用了finishPacket(p),现在进finishPacket(p)方法进行分析:

    private void finishPacket(Packet p) {
            int err = p.replyHeader.getErr();
            //watcher的注册于取消注册
            ….
            //判断是否有异步的回调,如果没有将finished设置为true,唤醒所有等待的事件
            if (p.cb == null) {
                synchronized (p) {
                    p.finished = true;
                    p.notifyAll();
                }
            } else {
            //有异步回调,将finished设置为true,并将packet加入到EventThread的队列
                p.finished = true;
                eventThread.queuePacket(p);
            }
    }
    View Code

      至此真个Zookeeper连接的建立过程就完成了。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wxgblogs/p/8046645.html
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