Nginx创建密码保护目录

nginx 的根目录 为：/home/undoner/nginx-www
nginx 访问地址 为：http://127.0.0.1
本文实现对nginx根目录文件访问的权限控制

（1）nginx指定密码文件格式为：“username:password”，但是password不能为明文，必须经过crypt加密，所以需要用工具产生密码字符串

以下有三种方法：

第一种.

在线直接生成加密字符串：http://tool.oschina.net/htpasswd

第二种

python脚本：“htpasswd.py”，也可以下载。

#!/usr/bin/python
"""Replacement for htpasswd"""
# Original author: Eli Carter

import os
import sys
import random
from optparse import OptionParser

# We need a crypt module, but Windows doesn't have one by default.  Try to find
# one, and tell the user if we can't.
try:
    import crypt
except ImportError:
    try:
        import fcrypt as crypt
    except ImportError:
        sys.stderr.write("Cannot find a crypt module.  "
                         "Possibly http://carey.geek.nz/code/python-fcrypt/
")
        sys.exit(1)


def salt():
    """Returns a string of 2 randome letters"""
    letters = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' 
              'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' 
              '0123456789/.'
    return random.choice(letters) + random.choice(letters)


class HtpasswdFile:
    """A class for manipulating htpasswd files."""

    def __init__(self, filename, create=False):
        self.entries = []
        self.filename = filename
        if not create:
            if os.path.exists(self.filename):
                self.load()
            else:
                raise Exception("%s does not exist" % self.filename)

    def load(self):
        """Read the htpasswd file into memory."""
        lines = open(self.filename, 'r').readlines()
        self.entries = []
        for line in lines:
            username, pwhash = line.split(':')
            entry = [username, pwhash.rstrip()]
            self.entries.append(entry)

    def save(self):
        """Write the htpasswd file to disk"""
        open(self.filename, 'w').writelines(["%s:%s
" % (entry[0], entry[1])
                                             for entry in self.entries])

    def update(self, username, password):
        """Replace the entry for the given user, or add it if new."""
        pwhash = crypt.crypt(password, salt())
        matching_entries = [entry for entry in self.entries
                            if entry[0] == username]
        if matching_entries:
            matching_entries[0][1] = pwhash
        else:
            self.entries.append([username, pwhash])

    def delete(self, username):
        """Remove the entry for the given user."""
        self.entries = [entry for entry in self.entries
                        if entry[0] != username]


def main():
    """%prog [-c] -b filename username password
    Create or update an htpasswd file"""
    # For now, we only care about the use cases that affect tests/functional.py
    parser = OptionParser(usage=main.__doc__)
    parser.add_option('-b', action='store_true', dest='batch', default=False,
        help='Batch mode; password is passed on the command line IN THE CLEAR.'
        )
    parser.add_option('-c', action='store_true', dest='create', default=False,
        help='Create a new htpasswd file, overwriting any existing file.')
    parser.add_option('-D', action='store_true', dest='delete_user',
        default=False, help='Remove the given user from the password file.')

    options, args = parser.parse_args()

    def syntax_error(msg):
        """Utility function for displaying fatal error messages with usage
        help.
        """
        sys.stderr.write("Syntax error: " + msg)
        sys.stderr.write(parser.get_usage())
        sys.exit(1)

    if not options.batch:
        syntax_error("Only batch mode is supported
")

    # Non-option arguments
    if len(args) < 2:
        syntax_error("Insufficient number of arguments.
")
    filename, username = args[:2]
    if options.delete_user:
        if len(args) != 2:
            syntax_error("Incorrect number of arguments.
")
        password = None
    else:
        if len(args) != 3:
            syntax_error("Incorrect number of arguments.
")
        password = args[2]

    passwdfile = HtpasswdFile(filename, create=options.create)

    if options.delete_user:
        passwdfile.delete(username)
    else:
        passwdfile.update(username, password)

    passwdfile.save()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

第三种

perl脚本：“htpasswd2.pl”  ，内容如下：

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
my $pw=$ARGV[0];
print crypt($pw,$pw)."
";

（2）若是第一种方法，直接新建文本复制进去就行；若是第二种或第三种，下载或新建文件后，注意添加可执行权限，再执行脚本生成用户名密码。

第一种：

将网页上面的结果（“2eN4uuMHGaLQQ”即“test1”加密后的字符串）直接复制进 htpasswd 文件中

htpasswd内容：test1:2eN4uuMHGaLQQ

第二种：

chmod 777 htpasswd.py
./htpasswd.py -c -b htpasswd username password

比如：./htpasswd.py -c -b htpasswd undoner undoner    ，得到文件：htpasswd ，内容如下（“dFYOP1Zvmqyfo”即“undoner”加密后的字符串）：

htpasswd内容：undoner:dFYOP1Zvmqyfo

第三种：

chmod 777 htpasswd2.pl
./htpasswd2.pl password

比如：./htpasswd2.pl test        ，得到密码字符串：N1tQbOFcM5fpg

可将 ”N1tQbOFcM5fpg“ 复制进 /etc/nginx/htpasswd 文件中，用户名是明文的，所以设什么都行，格式如下：

htpasswd内容：test:N1tQbOFcM5fpg

（3）最后将该密码文件htpasswd复制到nginx的配置文件目录（也可放其他位置，注意改路径+改权限），最后nginx里面添加配置即可。

chmod 777 htpasswd

在sites-available/default添加下面两行内容：

auth_basic "Password";           

auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/htpasswd;

location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                auth_basic "Password";
                auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/htpasswd;
                charset  utf-8;
                root    /home/undoner/nginx-www;
                index   index.html index.htm;
                autoindex on;
                # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
                # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules
        }

（4）重启nginx

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart