DRF 一对多序列化与反序列化
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序列化
出库的过程，是从数据库中把数据读出并以json的形式供前端使用
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反序列化
入库的过程，是从前端将数据传入到views.py的函数或者类中，经过后台逻辑处理，最终写到数据库中。
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安装 djangorestframework
pip install djangorestframework -
注册到
INSTALL_APPS中INSTALLED_APPS = [ ... 'rest_framework', ] -
配置数据库
DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'tutorial', 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', 'PORT': 3306, 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': 'ocnt-123', 'OPTIONS':{ "init_command":"SET foreign_key_checks = 0;",# 禁用外键约束 } } } -
新增老师类和学生类
from django.db import models
# 创建老师模型
class Teacher(models.Model):
# 教师名称
name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
# 添加时间
addtime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
class Meta:
# 指定表名
db_table = 'teacher'
# 创建学生模型,一个学生只能选择一个老师
class Student(models.Model):
# 学生名称
name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
# 添加时间
addtime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
# 外键 与Teacher类绑定
teacher = models.ForeignKey('Teacher',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
class Meta:
# 指定表名
db_table = 'student'
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新增视图函数类 TeacherViewfrom rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from .serializers import TeacherSerializer,StudentSerializer from . import models # 创建用户视图类 class TeacherView(APIView): # 获取用户信息 def get(self,request): data = models.Teacher.objects.all() info = TeacherSerializer(data,many=True) return Response({ "status":200, "msg":"", "data":info.data }) # 添加用户 def post(self,request): data = request.data flag = models.Teacher.objects.create(**data) if not flag: return Response({"status":201,"msg":"添加数据失败","data":[]}) return Response({"status":200,"msg":"","data":[]}) # 编辑用户 def put(self,request): id = request.data.pop("id") flag = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=id).update(**request.data) if not flag: return Response({ "status":201, "msg":"编辑失败", "data":[] }) return Response({ "status":200, "msg":"编辑成功", "data":"" }) # 删除用户 def delete(self,request): id = request.data.pop('id') teacher = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=id).delete() if not teacher[0]: return Response({ "status": 201, "msg": "删除失败", "data": [] }) return Response({ "status": 200, "msg": "删除成功", "data": "" })新增视图函数类 StudentView
# 学生视图 class StudentView(APIView): # 获取数据 def get(self,request): data = models.Student.objects.all() info = StudentSerializer(data,many=True) return Response({ "status":200, "msg":"", "data":info.data }) # 添加数据 def post(self,request): data = request.data flag = models.Student.objects.create(**data) if not flag: return Response({ "status":201, "msg":"学生添加失败", "data":[] }) return Response({ "status":200, "msg":"学生添加成功", "data":[] }) # 编辑数据 def put(self,request): id = request.data.pop('id') flag = models.Student.objects.filter(id=id).update(**request.data) if not flag: return Response({ "status":201, "msg":"数据编辑失败", "data":[] }) return Response({ "status":200, "msg":"数据编辑成功", "data":[] }) # 删除数据 def delete(self,request): id = request.data.get('id') student = models.Student.objects.filter(id=id).delete() if not student[0]: return Response({ "status":201, "msg":"删除失败", "data":[] }) return Response({ "status":200, "msg":"删除成功", "data":[] }) -
序列化类 serializers.pyfrom rest_framework import serializers from . import models # 老师数据序列化 class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Teacher fields = '__all__' # 学生数据序列化 class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Student fields = '__all__' -
二级路由 urls.pyfrom django.urls import path from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('teacher/',views.TeacherView.as_view()), path('student/',views.StudentView.as_view()), ] -
访问地址
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GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
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POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
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PUT http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
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DELETE http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
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GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/
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POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/
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PUT http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/
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DELETE http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/
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获取老师名下有多少个学生
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serializers.pyfrom rest_framework import serializers from . import models # 学生数据序列化 class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Student fields = '__all__' # 老师数据序列化 class TeacherSerializer(serializers.Serializer): id = serializers.IntegerField() name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32) student_set = StudentSerializer(many=True,read_only=True) -
调用此地址
GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
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获取学生的老师是谁？
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serializers.pyfrom rest_framework import serializers from . import models # 学生数据序列化 class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): teacherName = serializers.CharField(source='teacher.name') class Meta: model = models.Student fields = ('id','name','teacherName') # 老师数据序列化 class TeacherSerializer(serializers.Serializer): id = serializers.IntegerField() name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32) student_set = StudentSerializer(many=True,read_only=True) -
调用此地址
GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
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