• Linux搭建rsync服务


    一、Rsync的简单介绍

    Rsync是一款开源的、快速的、多功能的、可实现全量及增量(全量备份是指全部备份,增量备份是在上一次备份的基础上只备份更新的内容)的本地货远程数据同步备份的优秀工具。Rsync软件适用于unix/linux/windows等多种操作系统平台。

    二、Rsync的三种工作模式

    #rsync 本地模式
    
    Local:  rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [DEST]
    
    #rsync shell模式
    
    Access via remote shell:
    
      Pull: rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST:SRC... [DEST]
    
      Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST:DEST
    
    #rsync daemon模式
    
    Access via rsync daemon:
    
      Pull: rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST::SRC... [DEST]
    
            rsync [OPTION...] rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC... [DEST]
    
      Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST::DEST
    
            rsync [OPTION...] SRC... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST

    三、Rsync常用参数

    -v

    详细模式输出,传输时的进度等信息

    -z

    传输时进行压缩以提高传输效率,--compress-level=NUM可按级别压缩

    -a

    以递归方式传输文件,并保持所有文件的属性

    -r

    对子目录以递归模式,即目录下的所有目录都以同样的模式传输

    -t

    保持文件的时间信息

    -o

    保持文件的属主信息

    -p

    保持文件的权限

    -g

    保持文件的属组信息

    -P(大写)

    显示同步的过程及传输时的进度等信息

    -D

    保持设备文件信息

    -I

    保留软链接

    -e,--rsh=COMMAND

    使用的信道协议,指定替代rsh的shell程序

    -n

    测试选项,模拟执行

    --exclude=PATTERN

    指定排除不需要传输的文件模式

    --exclide-from=FILE

    从文本文件读取需要排除的文件列表

    --bwlimit=KBPS

    限制传输速度

    --partial

    断点续传

    --delete

    使目标目录内容和源保持目录一致,删除不同的文件

    四、搭建Rsync服务

    实验环境:

    <1>系统环境:

    •CentOS7.5

    <2>主机环境:

    •backup01  IP地址:10.0.0.41  rsync服务端(备份服务端)

    •nfs01    IP地址:10.0.0.31  rsync客户端(用户数据)

    1、服务端(远程备份服务器)

    第一步:查看rsync安装包
    rpm -qa rsync
    
    第二步:添加rsync服务的用户,管理本地目录
    useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M rsync
    id rsync
    
    第三步:配置rsync的进程模式(vim /etc/rsyncd.conf)
    uid = rsync                                  
    gid = rsync                          
    use chroot = no                      
    max connections = 200                
    timeout = 300                        
    pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid       
    lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock      
    log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log       
    [backup]                             
    path = /backup                       
    ignore errors                        
    read only = false                    
    list = false 
    fake super = yes                        
    hosts allow = 172.16.2.0/24          
    hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32              
    auth users = rsync_backup            
    secrets file = /etc/rsync.password
    
    第四步:根据rsync.conf的auth_users配置帐户,远程连接的,并根据secreets file参数生成密码文件
    echo "rsync_backup:wt">>/etc/rsync.password
    cat /etc/rsync.password
    
    第五步:更改密码配置文件的权限
    chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
    ls -l /etc/rsync.password
    
    第六步:创建共享的目录授权rsync服务管理
    mkdir -p /backup
    chown -R rsync.rsync /backup
    
    #提示:如果没有/backup目录,就会chdir failed
    
    第七步:启动rsync服务并检查
    rsync --daemon
    ps -ef|grep rsync|grep -v grep
    lsof -i :873
    
    第八步:开机自启动
    echo "/usr/bin/rsync --daemon">>/etc/rc.local
    tail -1 /etc/rc.local

    2、客户端

    第一步:生成连接服务器需要的密码文件
    echo "wt">>/etc/rsync.password
    cat /etc/rsync.password
    
    第二步:为密码文件配置权限
    chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
    ls -l /etc/rsync.password

    3、客户端推送数据到服务端

    提示:rsync: chgrp "data" (in backup) failed: Operation not permitted (1),出现这个语句是因为rsyncd.conf没有配置fake super = yes

    [root@nfs01 ~]# mkdir /data
    [root@nfs01 ~]# cd /data/
    [root@nfs01 data]# touch aaa
    [root@nfs01 data]# rsync -avz /data rsync_backup@172.16.2.41::backup/
    Password: 
    sending incremental file list
    rsync: chgrp "data" (in backup) failed: Operation not permitted (1)
    data/
    data/aaa
    rsync: chgrp "data/.aaa.3HdDEQ" (in backup) failed: Operation not permitted (1)
    
    sent 118 bytes  received 203 bytes  37.76 bytes/sec
    total size is 0  speedup is 0.00
    rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1178) [sender=3.1.2]

    4、服务端查看数据是否推送成功

    [root@backup01 ~]# cd /backup/
    [root@backup01 backup]# ls
    data
    [root@backup01 backup]# cd
    [root@backup01 ~]# cd /backup
    [root@backup01 backup]# ls
    data
    [root@backup01 backup]# ls data/
    aaa

    五、Rsync多模块配置

    uid = rsync
    gid = rsync
    use chroot = no
    max connections = 200
    timeout = 300
    pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
    lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
    log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
    [backup]
    path = /backup
    ignore errors
    read only = false
    list = false
    fake super = yes
    hosts allow = 172.16.2.0/24
    hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32
    auth users = rsync_backup
    secrets file = /etc/rsync.password
    
    [wtt]
    path = /wtt
    ignore errors
    read only = false
    list = false
    fake super = yes
    hosts allow = 172.16.2.0/24
    hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32
    auth users = rsync_wtt
    secrets file = /etc/rsync.password.wtt

    六、深入使用Rsync

    1、从远程存储节点拉取数据到本地

    [root@nfs01 ~]# cd /data/
    [root@nfs01 data]# ls
    aaa  ssss
    [root@nfs01 data]# rm -f *
    [root@nfs01 data]# rsync -avz  rsync_backup@172.16.2.41::backup/ /data/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
    receiving incremental file list
    ./
    aaa
    ssss
    
    sent 69 bytes  received 181 bytes  500.00 bytes/sec
    total size is 0  speedup is 0.00

    2、排除某些文件推送数据

    #同步除名为eee文件之外的文件
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# ls
    
    aaa  bbb  ccc  ddd  eee  ssss
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# rsync -avz --exclude=eee /data rsync_backup@172.16.2.41::backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
    
    sending incremental file list
    
    data/
    
    data/aaa
    
    data/bbb
    
    data/ccc
    
    data/ddd
    
    data/ssss
    
     
    
    sent 338 bytes  received 123 bytes  922.00 bytes/sec
    
    total size is 0  speedup is 0.00
    
     
    
    #查看远程存储节点的数据内容
    
    [root@backup01 backup]# ls
    
    data
    
    [root@backup01 backup]# ls data/
    
    aaa  bbb  ccc  ddd  ssss

    3、排除多个文件推送数据

    #同步除名为ccc和eee文件之外的文件
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# ls
    
    aaa  bbb  ccc  ddd  eee  ssss
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# rsync -avz --exclude={ccc,eee} /data rsync_backup@172.16.2.41::backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
    
    sending incremental file list
    
    data/
    
    data/aaa
    
    data/bbb
    
    data/ddd
    
    data/ssss
    
     
    
    sent 288 bytes  received 104 bytes  784.00 bytes/sec
    
    total size is 0  speedup is 0.00
    
     
    
    #查看远程存储节点的数据内容
    
    [root@backup01 backup]# ls
    
    data
    
    [root@backup01 backup]# ls data/
    
    aaa  bbb  ddd  ssss

    8.4、排除连续文件推送数据

    [root@nfs01 data]# ls
    
    a  aaa  b  bbb  c  ccc  ddd  eee  ssss
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# rsync -avz --exclude={a..c} /data rsync_backup@172.16.2.41::backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
    
    sending incremental file list
    
    data/
    
    data/aaa
    
    data/bbb
    
    data/ccc
    
    data/ddd
    
    data/eee
    
    data/ssss
    
     
    
    sent 393 bytes  received 142 bytes  356.67 bytes/sec
    
    total size is 0  speedup is 0.00

    5、通过排除文件推送数据

    [root@nfs01 data]# cat /tmp/file.txt
    
    ssss
    
    eee
    
    g
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# ls
    
    a  aaa  b  bbb  c  ccc  ddd  eee  ssss
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# rsync -avz --exclude-from=/tmp/file.txt /data rsync_backup@172.16.2.41::backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
    
    sending incremental file list
    
    data/
    
    data/a
    
    data/aaa
    
    data/b
    
    data/bbb
    
    data/c
    
    data/ccc
    
    data/ddd
    
     
    
    sent 443 bytes  received 161 bytes  402.67 bytes/sec
    
    total size is 0  speedup is 0.00

    6、无差异同步(--delete)

    注意:使用—delete选项,即本地有啥,远程存储节点就业啥,如果远程存储节点有别的数据。那么这些“别的数据”将全部被删除掉,所有慎用这个--delete选项。

    #远端存储节点的数据如下
    
    [root@backup01 backup]# ls
    
    data
    
    [root@backup01 backup]# ls data/
    
    a  aaa  b  bbb  c  ccc  ddd
    
     
    
    #本地数据如下
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# ls
    
    a  b  c  d  e  f  g
    
     
    
    #本地数据推送到远程存储服务器
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# rsync -avz --delete  /data rsync_backup@172.16.2.41::backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
    
    sending incremental file list
    
    deleting data/ddd
    
    deleting data/ccc
    
    deleting data/bbb
    
    deleting data/aaa
    
    data/
    
    data/a
    
    data/b
    
    data/c
    
    data/d
    
    data/e
    
    data/f
    
    data/g
    
     
    
    sent 418 bytes  received 209 bytes  1,254.00 bytes/sec
    
    total size is 0  speedup is 0.00
    
    #再次查看远程存储服务器的备份数据内容发现 {aaa bbb ccc}这三个文件被删除了
    
    [root@backup01 backup]# ls
    
    data
    
    [root@backup01 backup]# ls data/
    
    a  b  c  d  e  f  g

    8.7  限制速度推送数据(--bwlimit=KBPS)

    #未限速
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# dd if=/dev/zero of=test1 bs=1M count=128
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# rsync -avz   /data rsync_backup@172.16.2.41::backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
    
    sending incremental file list
    
    data/
    
    data/test1
    
     
    
    sent 130,760 bytes  received 47 bytes  23,783.09 bytes/sec
    
    total size is 134,217,728  speedup is 1,026.07
    
     
    
    #限速
    
    [root@nfs01 data]# rsync -avz --bwlimit=10k  /data rsync_backup@172.16.2.41::backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
    
    sending incremental file list
    
    data/
    
    data/test1
    
     
    
    sent 130,760 bytes  received 47 bytes  9,689.41 bytes/sec
    
    total size is 134,217,728  speedup is 1,026.07
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wutao666/p/9763343.html
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