C语言集锦（三）Direct3D和GDI+的例子

0.前言

　　有些时候你可能想了解，如何用纯C语言来写Direct3D和GDI+的Demo。注意，下面的Direct3D例子不适用于TCC编译器，GDI+的例子是可以的。

1.Direct3D C语言的例子

　　几乎所有的D3D例子都是用COM和C++写的。C语言可以用D3D吗，StackOverflow上给出了答案：directx-programming-in-c。

hr = IDirect3D9_GetDeviceCaps(d3d, D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &d3dcaps9);
hr = IDirect3D9_GetAdapterDisplayMode(d3d, D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3ddm);
hr = IDirect3D9_CreateDevice(d3d, D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, game_window, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING | D3DCREATE_MULTITHREADED, &d3dpp, &d3d_dev);

　　按照这种格式，可以用C语言写出Direct3D的Demo:

#include<d3d9.h>  

#pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib")   

#define WINDOW_CLASS "UGPDX"  
#define WINDOW_NAME  "Drawing Lines"  

// Function Prototypes...  
BOOL InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, BOOL fullscreen);
BOOL InitializeObjects();
void RenderScene();
void Shutdown();


// Direct3D object and device.  
LPDIRECT3D9 g_D3D = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_D3DDevice = NULL;

// Vertex buffer to hold the geometry.  
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_VertexBuffer = NULL;


// A structure for our custom vertex type  
typedef struct 
{
    float x, y, z, rhw;
    unsigned long color;
}stD3DVertex;

// Our custom FVF, which describes our custom vertex structure.  
#define D3DFVF_VERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)   


LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
{
    switch (msg)
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
        break;

    case WM_KEYUP:
        if (wp == VK_ESCAPE) PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wp, lp);
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE prevhInst,
    LPSTR cmdLine, int show)
{
    // Register the window class  
    WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc,
        0, 0, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW),
        NULL, NULL, WINDOW_CLASS, NULL };
    RegisterClassEx(&wc);

    // Create the application's window  
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(WINDOW_CLASS, WINDOW_NAME,
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100,
        640, 480, GetDesktopWindow(), NULL,
        wc.hInstance, NULL);

    // Initialize Direct3D  
    if (InitializeD3D(hWnd, FALSE))
    {
        // Show the window  
        ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
        UpdateWindow(hWnd);

        // Enter the message loop  
        MSG msg;
        ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(msg));

        while (msg.message != WM_QUIT)
        {
            if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
            {
                TranslateMessage(&msg);
                DispatchMessage(&msg);
            }
            else
                RenderScene();
        }
    }

    // Release any and all resources.  
    Shutdown();

    // Unregister our window.  
    UnregisterClass(WINDOW_CLASS, wc.hInstance);
    return 0;
}


BOOL InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, BOOL fullscreen)
{
    D3DDISPLAYMODE displayMode;

    // Create the D3D object.  
    g_D3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
    if (g_D3D == NULL) return FALSE;


    // Get the desktop display mode.  
    if (FAILED(IDirect3D9_GetAdapterDisplayMode(g_D3D,D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
        &displayMode))) return FALSE;


    // Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice  
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
    ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));


    if (fullscreen)
    {
        d3dpp.Windowed = FALSE;
        d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = 640;
        d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = 480;
    }
    else
        d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = displayMode.Format;


    // Create the D3DDevice  
    if (FAILED(IDirect3D9_CreateDevice(g_D3D,D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
        D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
        &d3dpp, &g_D3DDevice))) return FALSE;


    // Initialize any objects we will be displaying.  
    if (!InitializeObjects()) return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}


BOOL InitializeObjects()
{
    unsigned long col = D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255);

    // Fill in our structure to draw an object.  
    // x, y, z, rhw, color.  
    stD3DVertex objData[] =
    {
        { 420.0f, 150.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
        { 420.0f, 350.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
        { 220.0f, 150.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
        { 220.0f, 350.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
    };

    // Create the vertex buffer.  
    if (FAILED(IDirect3DDevice9_CreateVertexBuffer(g_D3DDevice,sizeof(objData), 0,
        D3DFVF_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_VertexBuffer,
        NULL))) return FALSE;

    // Fill the vertex buffer.  
    void *ptr;

    if (FAILED(IDirect3DVertexBuffer9_Lock(g_VertexBuffer,0, sizeof(objData),
        (void**)&ptr, 0))) return FALSE;

    memcpy(ptr, objData, sizeof(objData));


    IDirect3DVertexBuffer9_Unlock(g_VertexBuffer);

    return TRUE;
}


void RenderScene()
{
    // Clear the backbuffer.  
    IDirect3DDevice9_Clear(g_D3DDevice,0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET,
        D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);

    // Begin the scene.  Start rendering.  
   IDirect3DDevice9_BeginScene(g_D3DDevice);

    // Render object.  
   IDirect3DDevice9_SetStreamSource(g_D3DDevice,0, g_VertexBuffer, 0,
        sizeof(stD3DVertex));
   IDirect3DDevice9_SetFVF(g_D3DDevice,D3DFVF_VERTEX);
   IDirect3DDevice9_DrawPrimitive(g_D3DDevice,D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, 2);

    // End the scene.  Stop rendering.  
   IDirect3DDevice9_EndScene(g_D3DDevice);

    // Display the scene.  
    IDirect3DDevice9_Present(g_D3DDevice,NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}

void Shutdown()
{
    if (g_D3DDevice != NULL) IDirect3DDevice9_Release(g_D3DDevice);
    if (g_D3D != NULL) IDirect3D9_Release(g_D3D);
    if (g_VertexBuffer != NULL) IDirect3DVertexBuffer9_Release(g_VertexBuffer);

    g_D3DDevice = NULL;
    g_D3D = NULL;
    g_VertexBuffer = NULL;
}

　　这里只是画了两条平行的线段，作为一个例子：

　　

2.GDI+ C语言的例子

　　参考来源：http://blog.csdn.net/zuishikonghuan/article/details/47251225

　　直接使用gdiplus的头文件，编译会报错。虽然gdiplus.dll本身是用C语言写的，但是官方只提供了C++的友好的接口，函数比较少的话，可以自己做函数声明，避免编译错误。

//tcc -run gdiplus.c
#include <windows.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"gdiplus")

//GDI+Flat
typedef struct _GdiplusStartupInput
{
    unsigned int GdiplusVersion;
    unsigned int DebugEventCallback;
    BOOL SuppressBackgroundThread;
    BOOL SuppressExternalCodecs;
}GdiplusStartupInput;


int WINAPI GdiplusStartup(int* token, GdiplusStartupInput *input, int *output);
void WINAPI GdiplusShutdown(int token);
int WINAPI GdipCreateFromHDC(HDC hdc, int* graphics);
int WINAPI GdipDeleteGraphics(int graphics);
//画笔
int WINAPI GdipCreatePen1(unsigned int argb_color, float width, int unit, int** pen);
int WINAPI GdipDeletePen(int* pen);
int WINAPI GdipDrawRectangle(int graphics, int* pen, float x, float y, float width, float height);
int WINAPI GdipDrawLine(int graphics, int* pen, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2);

int token;
int* pen;

//*************************************************************
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

WNDCLASS wc;
const TCHAR* AppName = TEXT("MyWindowClass1");
HWND hwnd1;

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPTSTR    lpCmdLine,
    int       nCmdShow)
{
    //GDI+开启
    GdiplusStartupInput StartupInput = { 0 };
    StartupInput.GdiplusVersion = 1;
    if (GdiplusStartup(&token, &StartupInput, NULL))MessageBox(0, TEXT("GdiPlus开启失败"), TEXT("错误"), MB_ICONERROR);

    //这里是在构建窗口类结构
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;//窗口回调函数指针
    wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;//实例句柄
    wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, TEXT("ICON_1"));
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);//默认指针
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW);//默认背景颜色
    wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = AppName;//窗口类名

                               //注册窗口类
    if (!RegisterClass(&wc))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("注册窗口类失败!"), TEXT("错误"), MB_ICONERROR);
        return 0;
    }

    //创建窗口
    int style = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
    hwnd1 = CreateWindow(AppName, TEXT("窗口标题"), style, 50, 50, 500, 500, 0,NULL, hInstance, 0);
    if (hwnd1 == NULL)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("创建窗口失败!"), TEXT("错误"), MB_ICONERROR);
        return 0;
    }
    //无边框窗口
    /*SetWindowLong(hwnd1, GWL_STYLE, WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS);*/

    //显示、更新窗口
    ShowWindow(hwnd1, nCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd1);

    //消息循环
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    //GDI+关闭
    GdiplusShutdown(token);//可以把这个写在消息循环后面，程序退出就销毁，或者在不需要GDI+时调用，比如GDI+窗口的WM_DESTROY消息里调用
    return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    HDC hdc;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    switch (uMsg)
    {

        case WM_PAINT:
            
            
            hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

            int graphics;
            GdipCreateFromHDC(hdc, &graphics);//创建Graphics对象
            GdipCreatePen1(0x60FF2015, 1, 2, &pen);//创建画笔
            GdipDrawRectangle(graphics, pen, 20, 20, 120, 120);//画矩形
            GdipDrawLine(graphics, pen, 50, 60, 170, 340);//画直线

            GdipDeletePen(pen);//销毁画笔
            GdipDeleteGraphics(graphics);//销毁Graphics对象

            EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
            return 0;//告诉系统，WM_PAINT消息我已经处理了，你那儿凉快哪儿玩去吧。
        case WM_CREATE:
            break;
        case WM_DESTROY://窗口已经销毁
            PostQuitMessage(0);//退出消息循环，结束应用程序
            return 0;
            break;
        case WM_LBUTTONDOWN://鼠标左键按下
                            //让无边框窗口能够拖动(在窗口客户区拖动)
            PostMessage(hwnd, WM_SYSCOMMAND, 61458, 0);
            break;
            /*case WM_MOUSEMOVE://鼠标移动
            int xPos, yPos;
            xPos = GET_X_LPARAM(lParam);//鼠标位置X坐标
            yPos = GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam);//鼠标位置Y坐标
            //不要用LOWORD和HIWORD获取坐标，因为坐标有可能是负的
            break;*/
        default:
            break;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);//其他消息交给系统处理
}