• LRU Cache


    Design and implement a data structure for Least Recently Used (LRU) cache. It should support the following operations: get and set.

    get(key) - Get the value (will always be positive) of the key if the key exists in the cache, otherwise return -1.
    set(key, value) - Set or insert the value if the key is not already present. When the cache reached its capacity, it should invalidate the least recently used item before inserting a new item.

    参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/TenosDoIt/p/3417157.html

    题目大意:设计一个用于LRU cache算法的数据结构。 题目链接。关于LRU的基本知识可参考here

    分析:为了保持cache的性能,使查找,插入,删除都有较高的性能,我们使用双向链表(std::list)和哈希表(std::unordered_map)作为cache的数据结构,因为:

    • 双向链表插入删除效率高(单向链表插入和删除时,还要查找节点的前节点)
    • 哈希表保存每个节点的地址,可以基本保证在O(1)时间内查找节点

    具体实现细节:

    • 越靠近链表头部,表示节点上次访问距离现在时间最短,尾部的节点表示最近访问最少
    • 查询或者访问节点时,如果节点存在,把该节点交换到链表头部,同时更新hash表中该节点的地址
    • 插入节点时,如果cache的size达到了上限,则删除尾部节点,同时要在hash表中删除对应的项。新节点都插入链表头部。     

    C++实现代码:

    #include<unordered_map>
    #include<list>
    #include<iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    struct CacheNode
    {
        int key;
        int value;
        CacheNode(int k,int v):key(k),value(v) {}
    };
    class LRUCache
    {
    public:
        LRUCache(int capacity)
        {
            size=capacity;
        }
    
        int get(int key)
        {
            auto iter=cacheMap.find(key);
            if(iter!=cacheMap.end())
            {
                cacheList.splice(cacheList.begin(),cacheList,iter->second);
                cacheMap[key]=cacheList.begin();
                return cacheMap[key]->value;
            }
            return -1;
        }
    
        void set(int key, int value)
        {
            auto iter=cacheMap.find(key);
            if(iter!=cacheMap.end())
            {
                cacheMap[key]->value=value;
                cacheList.splice(cacheList.begin(),cacheList,cacheMap[key]);
                cacheMap[key]=cacheList.begin();
            }
            else
            {
                if(size==(int)cacheList.size())
                {
                    //记得要先删除map中的元素,然后再删除list中的地址,不然map中的地址无效,有可能指向后来插入的元素
                    cacheMap.erase(cacheList.back().key);
                    cacheList.pop_back();
                }
                cacheList.push_front(CacheNode(key,value));
                cacheMap[key]=cacheList.begin();
            }
        }
    private:
        int size;
        unordered_map<int,list<CacheNode>::iterator> cacheMap;
        list<CacheNode> cacheList;
    };
    
    int main(){
        LRUCache lru_cache(1);
        lru_cache.set(2,1);
        cout<<lru_cache.get(2)<<endl;
        lru_cache.set(3,2);
        cout<<lru_cache.get(2)<<endl;
        cout<<lru_cache.get(3)<<endl;
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wuchanming/p/4123799.html
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