一. 准备工作:
[root@guangzhou gittest]# git br * master [root@guangzhou gittest]# git chk -b patch-test1 && git chk -b patch-test2 切换到一个新分支 'patch-test1' 切换到一个新分支 'patch-test2' [root@guangzhou gittest]# git br master patch-test1 * patch-test2 #当前提交记录 [root@guangzhou gittest]# git log commit e92a420301cf7dffccbfc1c3830bbdd3234a25dd Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Wed Oct 6 08:39:14 2021 +0000 Initial commit [root@guangzhou gittest]#
新增commit记录
[root@guangzhou gittest]# echo "111" >log.txt [root@guangzhou gittest]# git add . [root@guangzhou gittest]# git commit -m 'log.txt add 111' [patch-test2 4daba4c] log.txt add 111 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 log.txt [root@guangzhou gittest]# echo "222" >log.txt [root@guangzhou gittest]# git add . [root@guangzhou gittest]# git commit -m 'log.txt add 222' [patch-test2 d585699] log.txt add 222 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) [root@guangzhou gittest]# echo "333" >> test.txt [root@guangzhou gittest]# git add . [root@guangzhou gittest]# git commit -m 'test.txt add 333' [patch-test2 43e11e9] test.txt add 333 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 test.txt [root@guangzhou gittest]# echo "444" >> test.txt [root@guangzhou gittest]# git add . [root@guangzhou gittest]# git commit -m 'test.txt add 444' [patch-test2 a0d9657] test.txt add 444 [root@guangzhou gittest]# git add . [root@guangzhou gittest]# git commit -m 'ceshi.txt add 666' [patch-test2 164aaab] ceshi.txt add 666 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) [root@guangzhou gittest]# echo "777" >> final.txt [root@guangzhou gittest]# git add . [root@guangzhou gittest]# git commit -m 'final.txt add 777' [patch-test2 9131774] final.txt add 777 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 final.txt
打印新增记录
[root@guangzhou gittest]# git log commit 91317743d8d805910a835c4bf7169aad8ffa5810 Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:25:43 2021 +0800 final.txt add 777 commit 164aaab5a85d79e41997202e7b528ff17557135b Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:22:32 2021 +0800 ceshi.txt add 666 commit 09853f62cdd85d18cecc195d8a7f2e3c9693e7fc Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:21:59 2021 +0800 ceshi.txt add 555 commit a0d9657d5bdcf04530bd16a2d08bbb58135ba10a Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:21:38 2021 +0800 test.txt add 444 commit 43e11e9a983c9c5e5c8735fb94a3c567cb4a80e2 Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:21:26 2021 +0800 test.txt add 333 commit d585699ad87c07ed0e52932297ca37b64866e4e8 Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:20:45 2021 +0800 log.txt add 222 commit 4daba4ce9415508b579330be2bdde9e5c0c2dc40 Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:20:23 2021 +0800 log.txt add 111 commit e92a420301cf7dffccbfc1c3830bbdd3234a25dd Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Wed Oct 6 08:39:14 2021 +0000 Initial commit [root@guangzhou gittest]#
二. 使用diff (git diff startCommitId endCommitId > /tmp/xxx.diff)：
[root@guangzhou gittest]# git diff e92a420301cf7dffccbfc1c3830bbdd3234a25dd d585699ad87c07ed0e52932297ca37b64866e4e8 > /tmp/patch-diff.diff [root@guangzhou gittest]# git chk patch-test1 切换到分支 'patch-test1' [root@guangzhou gittest]# git apply --stat /tmp/patch-diff.diff log.txt | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) [root@guangzhou gittest]# git apply --check /tmp/patch-diff.diff [root@guangzhou gittest]# git apply /tmp/patch-diff.diff [root@guangzhou gittest]# git ss # 位于分支 patch-test1 # 未跟踪的文件: # （使用 "git add <file>..." 以包含要提交的内容） # # log.txt 提交为空，但是存在尚未跟踪的文件（使用 "git add" 建立跟踪） [root@guangzhou gittest]# git add . [root@guangzhou gittest]# git commit -m 'patch-test2 log.txt commit' [patch-test1 5d07cdf] patch-test2 log.txt commit 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 log.txt [root@guangzhou gittest]# git log commit 5d07cdf186f5a4bba16fcf36aff02d7cdbf9338f Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:45:59 2021 +0800 patch-test2 log.txt commit commit e92a420301cf7dffccbfc1c3830bbdd3234a25dd Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Wed Oct 6 08:39:14 2021 +0000 Initial commit [root@guangzhou gittest]# ls log.txt README.en.md README.md [root@guangzhou gittest]# cat log.txt 222
以上可见，patch-test2分支创建的补丁文件/tmp/patch-diff.diff已被成功应用到patch-test1分支。
不过commit信息已丢失。
三. 使用apply:
git format-patch startCommitId...endCommitId -o /tmp/xxx.patch #生成patch
git apply --stat /tmp/xxx.patch #检测path是否可用
git apply --check /tmp/xxx.patch #检测patch是否可用
git apply /tmp/xxx.patch #使用patch文件
[root@guangzhou gittest]# git format-patch d585699ad87c07ed0e52932297ca37b64866e4e8...a0d9657d5bdcf04530bd16a2d08bbb58135ba10a -o /tmp/patch-test.patch /tmp/patch-test.patch/0001-test.txt-add-333.patch /tmp/patch-test.patch/0002-test.txt-add-444.patch #--stat和--check检测补丁文件是否可用 [root@guangzhou gittest]# git apply --stat /tmp/patch-test.patch/0001-test.txt-add-333.patch > && git apply --check /tmp/patch-test.patch/0001-test.txt-add-333.patch > && git apply /tmp/patch-test.patch/0001-test.txt-add-333.patch test.txt | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) [root@guangzhou gittest]# git apply --stat /tmp/patch-test.patch/0002-test.txt-add-444.patch > && git apply --check /tmp/patch-test.patch/0002-test.txt-add-444.patch > && git apply /tmp/patch-test.patch/0002-test.txt-add-444.patch test.txt | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) [root@guangzhou gittest]# git ss # 位于分支 patch-test1 # 未跟踪的文件: # （使用 "git add <file>..." 以包含要提交的内容） # # test.txt 提交为空，但是存在尚未跟踪的文件（使用 "git add" 建立跟踪） [root@guangzhou gittest]# cat test.txt 333 444 [root@guangzhou gittest]# git add . [root@guangzhou gittest]# git commit -m 'patch-test2 test.txt 333-444' [patch-test1 8fd4e22] patch-test2 test.txt 333-444 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) create mode 100644 test.txt [root@guangzhou gittest]# git log commit 8fd4e222eaa2861653e3b5526b87e165380a3202 Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:57:27 2021 +0800 patch-test2 test.txt 333-444 commit 5d07cdf186f5a4bba16fcf36aff02d7cdbf9338f Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:45:59 2021 +0800 patch-test2 log.txt commit commit e92a420301cf7dffccbfc1c3830bbdd3234a25dd Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Wed Oct 6 08:39:14 2021 +0000 Initial commit [root@guangzhou gittest]#
以上可见，通过apply的补丁文件已成功加入patch-test1分支，同diff一样，commit信息已丢失。
四. 使用am：
git format-patch startCommitId...endCommitId -o /tmp/xxx.patch #生成patch
git apply --stat /tmp/xxx.patch #检测path是否可用
git apply --check /tmp/xxx.patch #检测patch是否可用
git am /tmp/xxx.patch #使用patch文件
[root@guangzhou gittest]# git format-patch a0d9657d5bdcf04530bd16a2d08bbb58135ba10a...164aaab5a85d79e41997202e7b528ff17557135b -o /tmp/patch-test2.patch /tmp/patch-test2.patch/0001-ceshi.txt-add-555.patch /tmp/patch-test2.patch/0002-ceshi.txt-add-666.patch [root@guangzhou gittest]# git chk patch-test1 切换到分支 'patch-test1' [root@guangzhou gittest]# git apply --stat /tmp/patch-test2.patch/0001-ceshi.txt-add-555.patch && git apply --check /tmp/patch-test2.patch/0001-ceshi.txt-add-555.patch ceshi.txt | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) #这里会报错，需要把已经check的patch使用上 [root@guangzhou gittest]# git apply --stat /tmp/patch-test2.patch/0002-ceshi.txt-add-666.patch && git apply --check /tmp/patch-test2.patch/0002-ceshi.txt-add-666.patch ceshi.txt | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) error: ceshi.txt：????????? [root@guangzhou gittest]# git am /tmp/patch-test2.patch/0001-ceshi.txt-add-555.patch 正应用：ceshi.txt add 555 [root@guangzhou gittest]# git apply --stat /tmp/patch-test2.patch/0002-ceshi.txt-add-666.patch && git apply --check /tmp/patch-test2.patch/0002-ceshi.txt-add-666.patch ceshi.txt | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) [root@guangzhou gittest]# git am /tmp/patch-test2.patch/0002-ceshi.txt-add-666.patch 正应用：ceshi.txt add 666 [root@guangzhou gittest]# git ss # 位于分支 patch-test1 无文件要提交，干净的工作区 [root@guangzhou gittest]# git log commit 7f6f77e592f5647d870b165baa79862b289b9b88 Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:22:32 2021 +0800 ceshi.txt add 666 commit 2acdcd883c856a3947721138b42e731b744ece94 Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:21:59 2021 +0800 ceshi.txt add 555 commit 8fd4e222eaa2861653e3b5526b87e165380a3202 Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:57:27 2021 +0800 patch-test2 test.txt 333-444 commit 5d07cdf186f5a4bba16fcf36aff02d7cdbf9338f Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Thu Oct 7 10:45:59 2021 +0800 patch-test2 log.txt commit commit e92a420301cf7dffccbfc1c3830bbdd3234a25dd Author: carl <xxxx@qq.com> Date: Wed Oct 6 08:39:14 2021 +0000 Initial commit [root@guangzhou gittest]# cat ceshi.txt 555 666 [root@guangzhou gittest]# ls ceshi.txt log.txt README.en.md README.md test.txt [root@guangzhou gittest]#
以上可见通过am已成功把补丁文件应用，并且保留了commit信息。