• 201871010124-王生涛《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十五周学习总结


     

    项目

    内容

    这个作业属于哪个课程

    <任课教师博客主页链接>https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/

    这个作业的要求在哪里

    <作业链接地址>https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/p/11995615.htmll

    作业学习目标

    (1)掌握GUI布局管理器用法;

    (2)掌握Java Swing文本输入组件用途及常用API;

    (3)掌握Java Swing选择输入组件用途及常用API。

    第一部分:总结菜单、对话框两类组件用途及常用API

    菜单:

    1.JMenuBar 菜单栏

       菜单栏是窗口中用于容纳菜单JMenu的容器。 JFrame对象可以调用setJMenuBar()方法将一个菜单栏实例menubar添加到容器中,作为整个菜单树的根基。菜单栏被添加到窗口的上方,不受布局管理器控制。

       注意:只能向窗口中添加一个菜单栏。

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    public JMenuBar(){
    //默认构造方法,创建新的菜单栏
    }
    public JMenu add(JMenu c){
    //将菜单追加到菜单栏末尾
    }

    2.JMenu 菜单

       菜单是若干个菜单项(JMenuItem)或子菜单的容器,它能被添加到JMenuBar或其他JMenu中。

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    public JMenu(){
    //默认构造方法,创建没有文本的新菜单
    }
    public JMenu(String s){
    //构造方法,用提供的字符串作为文本构造一个新菜单
    }
    public Component add(Component c){
    //将某个组件追加到此菜单的末尾
    }
    public JMenuItem add(JMenuItem c){
    //将某个菜单项追加到此菜单的末尾
    }
    public void addSeparator(){
    //将新分隔符追加到菜单的末尾
    }

    3.JMenuItem 菜单项
       菜单项是组成菜单或快捷键的最小单位,用于完成特定功能。

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    public JMenuItem(){
    //默认构造方法,创建不带文本或图标的菜单项
    }
    public JMenuItem(String text){
    //构造方法
    }
    public void setAccelerator(KeyStroke keystroke){
    //为菜单项设置快捷键
    }

    4.选择菜单项
       Java除了提供JMenuItem,还提供了两种可选择的菜单项:复选菜单项(JCheckBoxMenuItem)和单选菜单项(JRadioButtonMenuItem)。
    5.JPopupMenu 快捷菜单项

       菜单除了可以放置在窗口,也可以依附于一个组件,当用户右击鼠标时弹出

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    public JPopupMenu(){
    //默认构造方法
    }
    public JPopupMenu(String s)
    //构造方法,具有指定标题
    }
    public JMenuItem add(JMenuItem jm){
    //将指定菜单项添加到此菜单的末尾
    }
    public void addSeparator(){
    //将新分隔符追加到菜单的末尾
    }

    对话框:

    1、对话框模式
           对话框分为无模式和有模式两种。

           如果一个对话框是有模式的,那么当这个对话框处于激活状态时,只让程序响应对话框内部的事件,而且将堵塞其它线程的执行,用户不能再激活对话框所在程序中的其它窗口,直到该对话框消失不可见。

           无模式对话框处于激活状态时,能再激活其它窗口,也不堵塞其它线程执行。

    3、文件对话框(FileDialog)
           文件对话框是一个从文件中选择文件的界面,文件对话框事实上并不能打开或保存文件,它只能得到要打开或保存的文件的名字或所在的目录,要想真正实现打开或保存文件,还必须使用输入、输出流。

           javax.swing包中的JFileChooser类可以创建文件对话框,使用该类的构造方法JFileChooser()创建初始不可见的有模式的文件对话框。showSaveDialog(Component a), showOpenDialog(Component a)都可使得对话框可见,但外观有所不同。showSaveDialog(Component a)方法提供保存文件的界面,showOpenDialog(Component a)方法提供打开文件的界面。参数a指定对话框可见时的位置。
           当用户单击文件对话框上的“确定”、“取消”按键或关闭图标,文件对话框将消失,方法返回:JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION和JFileChooser.CANCEL_OPTION之一。当返回值是JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION时,可以使用JFileChooser类的getSelectedFile()得到文件对话框所选择的文件。

    FileDialog是Dialog的子类,主要方法有:
      1、FileDialog(Frame f,String s,int mode):构造方法,f为所依赖的窗口对象,s是对话框的名字,mode取值为FileDialog.LOAD或FileDialog.SAVE。
      2、public String getDirwctory():获取当前对话框中所显示的文件目录。
      3、public String getFile():获取对话框中显示的文件的字符串表示,如不存在则为null。

    4、消息对话框
           消息对话框是有模式对话框,进行一个重要的操作动作之前,弹出一个消息对话框。可以用javax.swing包中的JOptionPane类的静态方法。

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    public static void showMessageDialog(Component parentComponent,String message, String title, int messageType);
     
    Component parentComponent://消息对话框依赖的组件
     
    String message:// 要显示的消息
     
    String title://对话框的标题
     
    int messageType)://对话框的外观,取值如下:
     
    JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE
     
    JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE
     
    JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE
     
    JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE
     
    JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE

    5、输入对话框
           输入对话框含有供用户输入文本的文本框、一个“确定”和“取消”按钮,是有模式对话框。当输入对话框可见时,要求用户输入一个字符串。javax.swing包中的JOptionPane类静态方法:

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    public static String showInputDialog(Component parentComponent, Object message, String title, int messageType);
     
    Component parentComponent//指定输入对话框所依赖的组件。
     
    Object message//指定对话框上的提示信息。
     
    String title//对话框上的标题。
     
    int messageType//确定对话框的外观,取值如下:
     
    ERROR_MESSAGE
     
    INFORMATION_MESSAGE
     
    WARNING_MESSAGE
     
    QUESTION_MESSAGE
     
    PLAIN_MESSAGE

    6、确认对话框
           确认对话框是有模式对话框,可以用javax.swing包中的JOptionPane类的静态方法创建:
      

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    public static int showConfirmDialog(Component parentComponent, Object message, String title, int optionType);
     
    Component parentComponent //对话框所依赖的组件。
     
    Object messag //对话框上显示的消息
     
    String titl //对话框的标题
     
    int optionType //对话框的外观,取值如下:
     
    JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION
     
    JOptionPane.YES_NO_CANCEL_OPTION
     
    JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION

    当对话框消失后,showConfirmDialog方法会返回下列整数之一:

    JOptionPane.YES_OPTION

    JOptionPane.NO_OPTION

    JOptionPane.CANCEL_OPTION

    JOptionPane.OK_OPTION

    JOptionPane.CLOSED_OPTION

    7、颜色对话框
          使用java.swing包中的JColorChooser类表静态方法创建:

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    public static Color showDialog(Component component,String title,Color initialColor);
     
    Component component//对话框所依赖的组件。
     
    String title//对话框的标题。
     
    Color initialColor)//对话框消失后返回的默认颜色

    第二部分:实验部分

    1、实验目的与要求

    (1) 掌握菜单组件用途及常用API;

    (2) 掌握对话框组件用途及常用API;

    (3) 学习设计简单应用程序的GUI。

    2、实验内容和步骤

    实验1: 导入第12章示例程序,测试程序并进行组内讨论。

    测试程序1

    elipse IDE中调试运行教材512页程序12-8,结合运行结果理解程序;

    掌握菜单的创建、菜单事件监听器、复选框和单选按钮菜单项、弹出菜单以及快捷键和加速器的用法。

    记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

    代码如下:

    MenuTest.java:

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    package menu;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * @version 1.25 2018-04-10
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class MenuTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
             var frame = new MenuFrame();
             frame.setTitle("MenuTest");
             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
             frame.setVisible(true);
          });
       }
    }

    MenuFrame.java:

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    package menu;
     
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * A frame with a sample menu bar.
     */
    public class MenuFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
       private Action saveAction;
       private Action saveAsAction;
       private JCheckBoxMenuItem readonlyItem;
       private JPopupMenu popup;
     
       /**
        * A sample action that prints the action name to System.out.
        */
       class TestAction extends AbstractAction
       {
          public TestAction(String name)
          {
             super(name);
          }
     
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
             System.out.println(getValue(Action.NAME) + " selected.");
          }
       }
     
       public MenuFrame()
       {
          setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
     
          var fileMenu = new JMenu("File");//构建菜单
          fileMenu.add(new TestAction("New"));
     
          // demonstrate accelerators
     
          var openItem = fileMenu.add(new TestAction("Open"));//添加菜单项
          openItem.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl O"));
     
          fileMenu.addSeparator();//添加分隔符
     
          saveAction = new TestAction("Save");
          JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add(saveAction);
          saveItem.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl S"));
     
          saveAsAction = new TestAction("Save As");
          fileMenu.add(saveAsAction);
          fileMenu.addSeparator();
     
          //采用扩展抽象类AbstractAction来定义一个实现Action接口的类
          fileMenu.add(new AbstractAction("Exit")
             {
              /**
                 *
                 */
                private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     
            //指定菜单项标签并且覆盖actionPerformed方法来获得菜单动作处理器
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
                {
                   System.exit(0);
                }
             });
     
          // demonstrate checkbox and radio button menus
     
          readonlyItem = new JCheckBoxMenuItem("Read-only");//用给定标签构造一个复选框菜单项
          //匿名内部类设置监听事件
          readonlyItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
             {
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
                {
                   boolean saveOk = !readonlyItem.isSelected();
                   saveAction.setEnabled(saveOk);//启用或禁用菜单项
                   saveAsAction.setEnabled(saveOk);
                }
             });
           
          /*
             * 复选框和单选按钮菜单项
           */
          var group = new ButtonGroup();
     
          var insertItem = new JRadioButtonMenuItem("Insert");//构造单选钮菜单项
          insertItem.setSelected(true);
          var overtypeItem = new JRadioButtonMenuItem("Overtype");
     
          group.add(insertItem);
          group.add(overtypeItem);
     
          // demonstrate icons
     
          var cutAction = new TestAction("Cut");
          cutAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("cut.gif"));
          var copyAction = new TestAction("Copy");
          copyAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("copy.gif"));
          var pasteAction = new TestAction("Paste");
          pasteAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("paste.gif"));
     
          var editMenu = new JMenu("Edit");
          editMenu.add(cutAction);
          editMenu.add(copyAction);
          editMenu.add(pasteAction);
     
          // demonstrate nested menus
     
          var optionMenu = new JMenu("Options");
     
          optionMenu.add(readonlyItem);
          optionMenu.addSeparator();
          optionMenu.add(insertItem);
          optionMenu.add(overtypeItem);
     
          editMenu.addSeparator();
          editMenu.add(optionMenu);
     
          // demonstrate mnemonics
     
          //调用setMnemonic方法,为菜单设置快捷键
          var helpMenu = new JMenu("Help");
          helpMenu.setMnemonic('H');
     
          var indexItem = new JMenuItem("Index");
          indexItem.setMnemonic('I');
          helpMenu.add(indexItem);
     
          // you can also add the mnemonic key to an action
          var aboutAction = new TestAction("About");
          aboutAction.putValue(Action.MNEMONIC_KEY, new Integer('A'));
          helpMenu.add(aboutAction);
           
          // add all top-level menus to menu bar
     
          //创建菜单栏
          var menuBar = new JMenuBar();
          setJMenuBar(menuBar);
     
          //将顶层菜单添加到菜单栏中
          menuBar.add(fileMenu);
          menuBar.add(editMenu);
          menuBar.add(helpMenu);
     
          // demonstrate pop-ups
     
          //创建弹出菜单
          popup = new JPopupMenu();
          popup.add(cutAction);
          popup.add(copyAction);
          popup.add(pasteAction);
     
          var panel = new JPanel();
          panel.setComponentPopupMenu(popup);
          add(panel);
       }
    }

    运行结果如图:

    小结:位于窗口顶部的菜单栏包括了下拉菜单的名字。点击一个名字就可以打开包含菜单项和子菜单的菜单。当用户点击菜单项时,所有的菜单都会被关闭并且将一条消息发送给程序。

    测试程序2

    elipse IDE中调试运行教材517页程序12-9,结合运行结果理解程序;

    掌握工具栏和工具提示的用法;

    记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

    程序代码如下:

    ToolBarTest.java:

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    package toolBar;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * @version 1.15 2018-04-10
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ToolBarTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
             var frame = new ToolBarFrame();
             frame.setTitle("ToolBarTest");
             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
             frame.setVisible(true);
          });
       }
    }

    ToolBarFrame.java:

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    package toolBar;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * A frame with a toolbar and menu for color changes.
     */
    public class ToolBarFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
       private JPanel panel;
     
       public ToolBarFrame()
       {
          setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
     
          // add a panel for color change
     
          panel = new JPanel();
          add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
     
          // set up actions
     
          var blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue"new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE);
          var yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow"new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),Color.YELLOW);
          var redAction = new ColorAction("Red"new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED);
     
          var exitAction = new AbstractAction("Exit"new ImageIcon("exit.gif"))
             {
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
                {
                   System.exit(0);
                }
             };
          exitAction.putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Exit");
     
          // populate toolbar
          //创建工具栏
          var bar = new JToolBar();
          bar.add(blueAction);
          bar.add(yellowAction);
          bar.add(redAction);
          bar.addSeparator();//添加分隔符
          bar.add(exitAction);
          add(bar, BorderLayout.NORTH);//将工具栏添加到框架中
     
          // populate menu
     
          var menu = new JMenu("Color");
          menu.add(yellowAction);
          menu.add(blueAction);
          menu.add(redAction);
          menu.add(exitAction);
          var menuBar = new JMenuBar();
          menuBar.add(menu);
          setJMenuBar(menuBar);
       }
     
       /**
        * The color action sets the background of the frame to a given color.
        */
       class ColorAction extends AbstractAction
       {
          public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c)
          {
             putValue(Action.NAME, name);
             putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon);
             putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, name + " background");
             putValue("Color", c);
          }
     
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
             Color c = (Color) getValue("Color");
             panel.setBackground(c);
          }
       }
    }

    运行结果如图:

    小结:工具栏是在程序中提供的快速访问常用命令的按纽栏,工具栏可以随处移动,也可以完全脱离框架,关闭时会回到原来的位置。 

    测试程序3

    elipse IDE中调试运行教材544页程序12-1512-16,结合运行结果理解程序;

    掌握选项对话框的用法。

    记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

    程序代码如下:

    OptionDialogTest.Java:

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    package optionDialog;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * @version 1.35 2018-04-10
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class OptionDialogTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
             var frame = new OptionDialogFrame();
             frame.setTitle("OptionDialogTest");
             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
             frame.setVisible(true);
          });
       }
    }

    OptionDialogFrame.java:

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    package optionDialog;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import java.awt.geom.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * A frame that contains settings for selecting various option dialogs.
     */
    public class OptionDialogFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private ButtonPanel typePanel;
       private ButtonPanel messagePanel;
       private ButtonPanel messageTypePanel;
       private ButtonPanel optionTypePanel;
       private ButtonPanel optionsPanel;
       private ButtonPanel inputPanel;
       private String messageString = "Message";
       private Icon messageIcon = new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif");
       private Object messageObject = new Date();
       private Component messageComponent = new SampleComponent();
     
       public OptionDialogFrame()
       {
           //创建一个面板,设置为两行三列的网格,每个网格中定义一个单选的面板
          var gridPanel = new JPanel();
          gridPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(23));
     
          typePanel = new ButtonPanel("Type""Message""Confirm""Option""Input");
          messageTypePanel = new ButtonPanel("Message Type""ERROR_MESSAGE""INFORMATION_MESSAGE","WARNING_MESSAGE""QUESTION_MESSAGE""PLAIN_MESSAGE");
          messagePanel = new ButtonPanel("Message""String""Icon""Component""Other""Object[]");
          optionTypePanel = new ButtonPanel("Confirm""DEFAULT_OPTION""YES_NO_OPTION","YES_NO_CANCEL_OPTION""OK_CANCEL_OPTION");
          optionsPanel = new ButtonPanel("Option""String[]""Icon[]""Object[]");
          inputPanel = new ButtonPanel("Input""Text field""Combo box");
     
          gridPanel.add(typePanel);
          gridPanel.add(messageTypePanel);
          gridPanel.add(messagePanel);
          gridPanel.add(optionTypePanel);
          gridPanel.add(optionsPanel);
          gridPanel.add(inputPanel);
     
          // add a panel with a Show button
     
          //创建一个按钮组件,设置监听事件
          var showPanel = new JPanel();
          var showButton = new JButton("Show");
          showButton.addActionListener(new ShowAction());
          showPanel.add(showButton);
     
          add(gridPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
          add(showPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
          pack();
       }
     
       /**
        * Gets the currently selected message.
        * @return a string, icon, component, or object array, depending on the Message panel selection
        */
       public Object getMessage()
       {
          String s = messagePanel.getSelection();
          if (s.equals("String")) return messageString;
          else if (s.equals("Icon")) return messageIcon;
          else if (s.equals("Component")) return messageComponent;
          else if (s.equals("Object[]")) return new Object[] { messageString, messageIcon,
                messageComponent, messageObject };
          else if (s.equals("Other")) return messageObject;
          else return null;
       }
     
       /**
        * Gets the currently selected options.
        * @return an array of strings, icons, or objects, depending on the Option panel selection
        */
       public Object[] getOptions()
       {
          String s = optionsPanel.getSelection();
          if (s.equals("String[]")) return new String[] { "Yellow""Blue""Red" };
          else if (s.equals("Icon[]")) return new Icon[] { new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
                new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif") };
          else if (s.equals("Object[]")) return new Object[] { messageString, messageIcon,
                messageComponent, messageObject };
          else return null;
       }
     
       /**
        * Gets the selected message or option type
        * @param panel the Message Type or Confirm panel
        * @return the selected XXX_MESSAGE or XXX_OPTION constant from the JOptionPane class
        */
       public int getType(ButtonPanel panel)
       {
          String s = panel.getSelection();
          try
          {
             return JOptionPane.class.getField(s).getInt(null);
          }
          catch (Exception e)
          {
             return -1;
          }
       }
     
       /**
        * The action listener for the Show button shows a Confirm, Input, Message, or Option dialog
        * depending on the Type panel selection.
        */
       private class ShowAction implements ActionListener
       {
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
            //显示一个确认对话框或者内部确认对话框
             if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Confirm")) JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(
                   OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(optionTypePanel),
                   getType(messageTypePanel));
             else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Input"))
             {
                 ////显示一个输入对话框或者内部输入对话框
                if (inputPanel.getSelection().equals("Text field")) JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
                      OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(messageTypePanel));
                else JOptionPane.showInputDialog(OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title",
                      getType(messageTypePanel), nullnew String[] { "Yellow""Blue""Red" },
                      "Blue");
             }
           //显示一个消息对话框或者内部消息对话框
             else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Message")) JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
                   OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(messageTypePanel));
           //显示一个选项对话框或者内部选项对话框
             else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Option")) JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(
                   OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(optionTypePanel),
                   getType(messageTypePanel), null, getOptions(), getOptions()[0]);
          }
       }
    }
     
    /**
     * A component with a painted surface
     */
     
    class SampleComponent extends JComponent
    {
       public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
       {
          var g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
          var rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(00, getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 1);
          g2.setPaint(Color.YELLOW);
          g2.fill(rect);
          g2.setPaint(Color.BLUE);
          g2.draw(rect);
       }
     
       public Dimension getPreferredSize()
       {
          return new Dimension(1010);
       }
    }

    ButtonPanel.java:

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    package optionDialog;
     
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * A panel with radio buttons inside a titled border.
     */
    public class ButtonPanel extends JPanel
    {
       private ButtonGroup group;
     
       /**
        * Constructs a button panel.
        * @param title the title shown in the border
        * @param options an array of radio button labels
        */
       public ButtonPanel(String title, String... options)
       {
          setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), title));
          setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
          group = new ButtonGroup();
     
          // make one radio button for each option
          for (String option : options)
          {
             var button = new JRadioButton(option);
             button.setActionCommand(option);
             add(button);
             group.add(button);
             button.setSelected(option == options[0]);
          }
       }
     
       /**
        * Gets the currently selected option.
        * @return the label of the currently selected radio button.
        */
       public String getSelection()
       {
          return group.getSelection().getActionCommand();
       }
    }

    运行结果如图:

    小结:简单的对话框,用于获取用户的一些简单信息。输入对话框用于接受用户输入的额外组件。选项包括:1:选择对话框的类型,2:选择图标,3;选择消息,4:对于确认对话框,选择选项类型,5;对于选项对话框,选择选项,6:调用JOptionPane API中的相应方法。

    测试程序4

    elipse IDE中调试运行教材552页程序12-1712-18,结合运行结果理解程序;

    掌握对话框的创建方法;

    记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

    程序代码如下:

    DialogTest.java:

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    package dialog;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * @version 1.35 2018-04-10
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class DialogTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
             var frame = new DialogFrame();
             frame.setTitle("DialogTest");
             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
             frame.setVisible(true);
          });
       }
    } 

    DialogFrame.java:

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    package dialog;
     
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    import javax.swing.JMenu;
    import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
    import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
     
    /**
     * A frame with a menu whose File->About action shows a dialog.
     */
    public class DialogFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
       private AboutDialog dialog;
     
       public DialogFrame()
       {
          setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
     
          // construct a File menu
     
          var menuBar = new JMenuBar();
          setJMenuBar(menuBar);
          var fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
          menuBar.add(fileMenu);
     
          // add About and Exit menu items
     
          // the About item shows the About dialog
     
          var aboutItem = new JMenuItem("About");
          //lambda表达式
          aboutItem.addActionListener(event -> {
             if (dialog == null// first time
                 //建立新的对话框对象,设置可见
                dialog = new AboutDialog(DialogFrame.this);
             dialog.setVisible(true);
          });
          fileMenu.add(aboutItem);
     
          // the Exit item exits the program
     
          var exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
          exitItem.addActionListener(event -> System.exit(0));
          fileMenu.add(exitItem);
       }
    }

    AboutDialog.java:

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    package dialog;
     
    import java.awt.BorderLayout;
     
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JDialog;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    import javax.swing.JLabel;
    import javax.swing.JPanel;
     
    /**
     * A sample modal dialog that displays a message and waits for the user to click
     * the OK button.
     */
     
    public class AboutDialog extends JDialog
    {
        //调用超类JDialog的构造器
       public AboutDialog(JFrame owner)
       {
          super(owner, "About DialogTest"true);
     
         //添加对话框的用户界面组件
          add(
             new JLabel(
                "<html><h1><i>Core Java</i></h1><hr>By Cay Horstmann</html>"),
             BorderLayout.CENTER);
     
          // OK button closes the dialog
          //点击OK按钮时,对话框被关闭
          var ok = new JButton("OK");
          ok.addActionListener(event -> setVisible(false));
     
          // add OK button to southern border
     
          var panel = new JPanel();
          panel.add(ok);
          add(panel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
     
          pack();
       }
    }

    运行结果如图:

    小结:实现一个对话框,需要从JDialog派生一个类。具体过程如下:1:在对话框构造器中调用超类JDialog的构造器,2:添加对话框的用户界面组件,3:添加事件处理器,4;设置对话框的大小。

    测试程序5

    elipse IDE中调试运行教材556页程序12-1912-20,结合运行结果理解程序;

    掌握对话框的数据交换用法;

    记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

    程序代码如下:

    DataExchangeTest.java:

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    package dataExchange;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * @version 1.35 2018-04-10
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class DataExchangeTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
             var frame = new DataExchangeFrame();
             frame.setTitle("DataExchangeTest");
             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
             frame.setVisible(true);
          });
       }
    }

    DataExchangeFrame.java:

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    package dataExchange;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * A frame with a menu whose File->Connect action shows a password dialog.
     */
    public class DataExchangeFrame extends JFrame
    {
       public static final int TEXT_ROWS = 20;
       public static final int TEXT_COLUMNS = 40;
       private PasswordChooser dialog = null;
       private JTextArea textArea;
     
       public DataExchangeFrame()
       {
          //创建一个菜单
     
          var mbar = new JMenuBar();
          setJMenuBar(mbar);
          var fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
          mbar.add(fileMenu);
     
          //添加菜单项
     
          var connectItem = new JMenuItem("Connect");
          connectItem.addActionListener(new ConnectAction());
          fileMenu.add(connectItem);
     
          // the Exit item exits the program
     
          var exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
          exitItem.addActionListener(event -> System.exit(0));
          fileMenu.add(exitItem);
     
          textArea = new JTextArea(TEXT_ROWS, TEXT_COLUMNS);
          add(new JScrollPane(textArea), BorderLayout.CENTER);
          pack();
       }
     
       /**
        * The Connect action pops up the password dialog.
        */
       //添加监听事件
       private class ConnectAction implements ActionListener
       {
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
             // if first time, construct dialog
     
             if (dialog == null) dialog = new PasswordChooser();
     
             // set default values
             dialog.setUser(new User("yourname"null));
     
             // pop up dialog
             if (dialog.showDialog(DataExchangeFrame.this"Connect"))
             {
                // if accepted, retrieve user input
                User u = dialog.getUser();
                textArea.append("user name = " + u.getName() + ", password = "
                   + (new String(u.getPassword())) + " ");
             }
          }
       }
    }
    PasswordChooser.java:
     
    package dataExchange;
     
    import java.awt.BorderLayout;
    import java.awt.Component;
    import java.awt.Frame;
    import java.awt.GridLayout;
     
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JDialog;
    import javax.swing.JLabel;
    import javax.swing.JPanel;
    import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
    import javax.swing.JTextField;
    import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
     
    /**
     * A password chooser that is shown inside a dialog.
     */
    public class PasswordChooser extends JPanel
    {
       private JTextField username;
       private JPasswordField password;
       private JButton okButton;
       private boolean ok;
       private JDialog dialog;
     
       public PasswordChooser()
       {
          setLayout(new BorderLayout());
     
          // construct a panel with user name and password fields
     
          var panel = new JPanel();
          panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(22));
          panel.add(new JLabel("User name:"));
          panel.add(username = new JTextField(""));
          panel.add(new JLabel("Password:"));
          panel.add(password = new JPasswordField(""));
          add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
     
          // create Ok and Cancel buttons that terminate the dialog
     
          okButton = new JButton("Ok");
          okButton.addActionListener(event -> {
             ok = true;
             dialog.setVisible(false);
          });
     
          var cancelButton = new JButton("Cancel");
          cancelButton.addActionListener(event -> dialog.setVisible(false));
     
          // add buttons to southern border
     
          var buttonPanel = new JPanel();
          buttonPanel.add(okButton);
          buttonPanel.add(cancelButton);
          add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
       }
     
       /**
        * Sets the dialog defaults.
        * @param u the default user information
        */
       //PasswordChooser类提供的setUser方法
       public void setUser(User u)
       {
          username.setText(u.getName());
       }
     
       /**
        * Gets the dialog entries.
        * @return a User object whose state represents the dialog entries
        */
       public User getUser()
       {
          return new User(username.getText(), password.getPassword());
       }
     
       /**
        * Show the chooser panel in a dialog.
        * @param parent a component in the owner frame or null
        * @param title the dialog window title
        */
       //在showDialog方法中动态建立JDialog对象
       public boolean showDialog(Component parent, String title)
       {
          ok = false;
     
          // locate the owner frame
     
          Frame owner = null;
          if (parent instanceof Frame)
             owner = (Frame) parent;
          else
             owner = (Frame) SwingUtilities.getAncestorOfClass(Frame.class, parent);
     
          // if first time, or if owner has changed, make new dialog
     
          if (dialog == null || dialog.getOwner() != owner)
          {
             dialog = new JDialog(owner, true);
             dialog.add(this);
             dialog.getRootPane().setDefaultButton(okButton);//在对话框的根窗口中设置默认按钮
             dialog.pack();
          }
     
          // set title and show dialog
     
          dialog.setTitle(title);
          dialog.setVisible(true);
          return ok;
       }
    }

    User.java:

     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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    package dataExchange;
     
    /**
     * A user has a name and password. For security reasons, the password is stored as a char[], not a
     * String.
     */
    public class User
    {
       private String name;
       private char[] password;
     
       public User(String aName, char[] aPassword)
       {
          name = aName;
          password = aPassword;
       }
     
       public String getName()
       {
          return name;
       }
     
       public char[] getPassword()
       {
          return password;
       }
     
       public void setName(String aName)
       {
          name = aName;
       }
     
       public void setPassword(char[] aPassword)
       {
          password = aPassword;
       }
    }

    测试程序6

    elipse IDE中调试运行教材556页程序12-21、12-22、12-23,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    掌握文件对话框的用法;

    记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

    程序代码如下:

    FileChooserTest.java:

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    package fileChooser;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * @version 1.26 2018-04-10
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class FileChooserTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
             var frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
             frame.setTitle("FileChooserTest");
             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
             frame.setVisible(true);
          });
       }
    }

    FileIconView.java:

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    package fileChooser;
     
    import java.io.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    import javax.swing.filechooser.*;
    import javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter;
     
    /**
     * A file view that displays an icon for all files that match a file filter.
     */
    public class FileIconView extends FileView
    {
       private FileFilter filter;
       private Icon icon;
     
       /**
        * Constructs a FileIconView.
        * @param aFilter a file filter--all files that this filter accepts will be shown
        * with the icon.
        * @param anIcon--the icon shown with all accepted files.
        */
       public FileIconView(FileFilter aFilter, Icon anIcon)
       {
          filter = aFilter;
          icon = anIcon;
       }
     
       public Icon getIcon(File f)
       {
          if (!f.isDirectory() && filter.accept(f)) return icon;
          else return null;
       }
    }
    ImagePreviewer.java:
     
    package fileChooser;
      
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.io.*;
      
    import javax.swing.*;
      
    /**
     * A file chooser accessory that previews images.
     */
    public class ImagePreviewer extends JLabel
    {
       /**
        * Constructs an ImagePreviewer.
        * @param chooser the file chooser whose property changes trigger an image
        *        change in this previewer
        */
       public ImagePreviewer(JFileChooser chooser)
       {
          setPreferredSize(new Dimension(100100));
          setBorder(BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder());
      
          chooser.addPropertyChangeListener(event -> {
             if (event.getPropertyName() == JFileChooser.SELECTED_FILE_CHANGED_PROPERTY)
             {
                //用户选择了一个新文件
                File f = (File) event.getNewValue();
                if (f == null)
                {
                   setIcon(null);
                   return;
                }
      
                //将影像读取成图示
                ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(f.getPath());
      
                // 如果图标太大,无法安装,请缩放
                if (icon.getIconWidth() > getWidth())
                   icon = new ImageIcon(icon.getImage().getScaledInstance(
                         getWidth(), -1, Image.SCALE_DEFAULT));
      
                setIcon(icon);
             }
          });
       }
    }
    ImageViewerFrame.java:
     
    package fileChooser;
      
    import java.io.*;
      
    import javax.swing.*;
    import javax.swing.filechooser.*;
    import javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter;
      
    /**
     * A frame that has a menu for loading an image and a display area for the
     * loaded image.
     */
    public class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;
       private JLabel label;
       private JFileChooser chooser;
      
       public ImageViewerFrame()
       {
          setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
      
          // 设置菜单栏
          JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
          setJMenuBar(menuBar);
      
          JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
          menuBar.add(menu);
      
          JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
          menu.add(openItem);
          openItem.addActionListener(event -> {
             chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
      
             // 显示文件选择器对话框
                int result = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this);
      
                // 如果图像文件被接受,将其设置为标签的图标
                if (result == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
                {
                   String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();
                   label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
                   pack();
                }
             });
      
          JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
          menu.add(exitItem);
          exitItem.addActionListener(event -> System.exit(0));
      
          //使用标签显示影像
          label = new JLabel();
          add(label);
      
          // 设置文件选择器
          chooser = new JFileChooser();
      
          //接受所有以之结尾的影像档案。JPG图形交换格式
          FileFilter filter = new FileNameExtensionFilter(
                "Image files""jpg""jpeg""gif");
          chooser.setFileFilter(filter);
      
          chooser.setAccessory(new ImagePreviewer(chooser));
      
          chooser.setFileView(new FileIconView(filter, new ImageIcon("palette.gif")));
       }
    }

    运行结果如图:

    小结:文件对话框,调用showOpenDialog。接受文件的按钮被自动的标签为Open或者Save,也可以调用showDialog方法为按钮设定标签。

    测试程序7

    elipse IDE中调试运行教材570页程序12-24,结合运行结果理解程序;

    了解颜色选择器的用法。

    记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

    程序代码如下:

    ColorChooserTest.java:

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    package colorChooser;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * @version 1.04 2015-06-12
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ColorChooserTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
             JFrame frame = new ColorChooserFrame();
             frame.setTitle("ColorChooserTest");
             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
             frame.setVisible(true);
          });
       }
    }

    ColorChooserPane.java:

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    package colorChooser;
     
    import java.awt.Color;
    import java.awt.Frame;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
     
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JColorChooser;
    import javax.swing.JDialog;
    import javax.swing.JPanel;
     
    /**
     * A panel with buttons to pop up three types of color choosers
     */
    public class ColorChooserPanel extends JPanel
    {
       public ColorChooserPanel()
       {
           //在面板设置三个按钮
          JButton modalButton = new JButton("Modal");
          modalButton.addActionListener(new ModalListener());
          add(modalButton);
     
          JButton modelessButton = new JButton("Modeless");
          modelessButton.addActionListener(new ModelessListener());
          add(modelessButton);
     
          JButton immediateButton = new JButton("Immediate");
          immediateButton.addActionListener(new ImmediateListener());
          add(immediateButton);
       }
     
       /**
        * This listener pops up a modal color chooser
        */
       //设置了Modal按钮的监听事件
       private class ModalListener implements ActionListener
       {
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
             Color defaultColor = getBackground();
             Color selected = JColorChooser.showDialog(ColorChooserPanel.this"Set background",
                   defaultColor);
             if (selected != null) setBackground(selected);
          }
       }
     
       /**
        * This listener pops up a modeless color chooser. The panel color is changed when the user
        * clicks the OK button.
        */
       //设置了Modeless按钮的监听事件
       private class ModelessListener implements ActionListener
       {
          private JDialog dialog;
          private JColorChooser chooser;
     
          public ModelessListener()
          {
             chooser = new JColorChooser();
             dialog = JColorChooser.createDialog(ColorChooserPanel.this"Background Color",
                   false /* not modal */, chooser,
                   event -> setBackground(chooser.getColor()),
                   null /* no Cancel button listener */);
          }
     
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
             chooser.setColor(getBackground());
             dialog.setVisible(true);
          }
       }
     
       /**
        * This listener pops up a modeless color chooser. The panel color is changed immediately when
        * the user picks a new color.
        */
     //设置了Immediate按钮的监听事件
       private class ImmediateListener implements ActionListener
       {
          private JDialog dialog;
          private JColorChooser chooser;
     
          public ImmediateListener()
          {
             chooser = new JColorChooser();
             chooser.getSelectionModel().addChangeListener(
                   event -> setBackground(chooser.getColor()));
     
             dialog = new JDialog((Frame) nullfalse /* not modal */);
             dialog.add(chooser);
             dialog.pack();
          }
     
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
             chooser.setColor(getBackground());
             dialog.setVisible(true);
          }
       }
    }

    ColorChooserFrame.java:

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    package colorChooser;
     
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    /**
     * A frame with a color chooser panel
     */
    public class ColorChooserFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
     
       public ColorChooserFrame()
       {     
          setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
     
          // add color chooser panel to frame
     
          ColorChooserPanel panel = new ColorChooserPanel();//创建一个颜色选择器
          add(panel);
       }
    }

    运行结果如图:

     

    小结:颜色选择器是一个组件,包含了用于创建包含颜色选择器组件的对话框方法。有三种对话框类型。如果点击Model按钮,则需要选择一个颜色才能继续后面的操作。如果点击Modaless按钮,则会得到一个无模式对话框。只有点击OK按钮时,颜色才会发生改变。如果点击Immediate按钮,会得到一个没有按钮的无模式对话框。

    3、实验总结:

    1)FlowLayout: 流布局(Applet和Panel的默认布局管理器)
    (2)BorderLayout:边框布局( Window、Frame和Dialog的默认布局管理器)
    (3)GridLayout: 网格布局
    (4)GridBagLayout: 网格组布局
    (5)CardLayout :卡片布局

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ws-t/p/12013296.html
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