• Hibernate 性能优化一对一关联映射


    概述:

           hibernate提供了两种映射一对一关联的方式:按照外键映射和按照主键映射。

           下面以员工账号和员工档案为例 ,介绍两种映射方式,并使用这两种映射方式分别完成以下持久化操作:

      (1)保存员工档案的同时分配给员工一个账号

      (2)加载员工档案的同时加载账号信息

    1.按照外键映射

    第一步:创建实体类users1(主表)和resume1

    package cn.lex.entity;
    
    /**
     * Created by accp on 2017/1/18.
     * 员工表
     */
    public class Users1 {
        private Integer userid;  //员工编号
        private String username; //名称
        private String userpass; //密码
        private Resume1 resume1; //档案对象
    
        public Integer getUserid() {
            return userid;
        }
    
        public void setUserid(Integer userid) {
            this.userid = userid;
        }
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getUserpass() {
            return userpass;
        }
    
        public void setUserpass(String userpass) {
            this.userpass = userpass;
        }
    
        public Resume1 getResume1() {
            return resume1;
        }
    
        public void setResume1(Resume1 resume1) {
            this.resume1 = resume1;
        }
    }
    package cn.lex.entity;
    
    /**
     * Created by accp on 2017/1/18.
     * 档案表
     */
    public class Resume1 {
    
        private Integer resid;  // 档案编号
        private String resname; //档案名称
        private String rescardno; //编号
        private Users1 users1; //隶属的员工
    
        public Integer getResid() {
            return resid;
        }
    
        public void setResid(Integer resid) {
            this.resid = resid;
        }
    
        public String getResname() {
            return resname;
        }
    
        public void setResname(String resname) {
            this.resname = resname;
        }
    
        public String getRescardno() {
            return rescardno;
        }
    
        public void setRescardno(String rescardno) {
            this.rescardno = rescardno;
        }
    
        public Users1 getUsers1() {
            return users1;
        }
    
        public void setUsers1(Users1 users1) {
            this.users1 = users1;
        }
    }


    第二步:书写配置文件

    Users1.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping package="cn.lex.entity">
        <class name="Users1" table="USERS1">
            <id name="userid"><generator class="native"></generator></id>
            <property name="username" column="USERNAME" type="string"></property>
            <property name="userpass" column="USERPASS" type="string"></property>
            <!-- 配置一对一外键方式的关联
             property-ref:通过Resume1的users1属性,建立了从users1到Resume1对象的关联
            -->
            <one-to-one name="resume1" class="Resume1" property-ref="users1"></one-to-one>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

    Resume1.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping package="cn.lex.entity">
        <class name="Resume1" table="RESUME1">
            <id name="resid"><generator class="native"></generator></id>
            <property name="resname" column="RESNAME" type="string"></property>
            <property name="rescardno" column="RESCARDNO" type="string"></property>
    <!-- column 与之关联表的外键 unique 可以表达Resume1对象和Users1对象之间的一对一关联关系
     unique属性的默认值为false 在这里要设为true才有效
    --> <many-to-one name="users1" class="Users1" cascade="all" unique="true" column="RESUSERID"></many-to-one> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

    第三步:书写测试类

    工具类:

    package cn.lex.util;
    
    import org.hibernate.Session;
    import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
    import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
    
    /**
     * Created by accp on 2017/1/16.
     */
    public class HibernateUtil {
        private static final ThreadLocal<Session> thLocal=new ThreadLocal<Session>();
        private static Configuration cfg;
        private final static SessionFactory factory;
        static{
            cfg=new Configuration().configure();
            factory=cfg.buildSessionFactory();
        }
        /**
         *静态的方法  返回session
         */
        public static Session currentSession(){
            Session session = thLocal.get();
            if(session==null){
                session=factory.openSession();
                thLocal.set(session);
            }
            return session;
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 静态的方法  关闭session连接
         */
        public static void closeSession(){
            Session session = thLocal.get();
            if(session!=null){
                thLocal.set(null);
            }
            session.close();
        }
    }

    测试类:

        @Test
    
        /**
         * 插入数据
         */
        public void add(){
            Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();
            Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
            //创建用户
            Users1 users1=new Users1();
            users1.setUsername("微冷的雨");
            users1.setUserpass("123");
            //创建档案
            Resume1 resume1=new Resume1();
            resume1.setResname("入职档案");
            resume1.setRescardno("123");
            //关联
            users1.setResume1(resume1);
            resume1.setUsers1(users1);
    
            session.save(resume1);
            tx.commit();
            HibernateUtil.closeSession();
        }

    SQL语句:

    Hibernate: 
        drop sequence hibernate_sequence
    Hibernate: 
        create sequence hibernate_sequence start with 1 increment by 1
    Hibernate: 
        create table RESUME1 (
            resid number(10,0) not null,
            RESNAME varchar2(255 char),
            RESCARDNO varchar2(255 char),
            RESUSERID number(10,0),
            primary key (resid)
        )
    Hibernate: 
        create table USERS1 (
            userid number(10,0) not null,
            USERNAME varchar2(255 char),
            USERPASS varchar2(255 char),
            primary key (userid)
        )
    Hibernate: 
        alter table RESUME1 
            add constraint UK_j52v359nm8h98x9dmuvbka6tb unique (RESUSERID)
    Hibernate: 
        alter table RESUME1 
            add constraint FKhp8mabk7imse3kohw5lul5k29 
            foreign key (RESUSERID) 
            references USERS1
    Hibernate: 
        select
            hibernate_sequence.nextval 
        from
            dual
    Hibernate: 
        select
            hibernate_sequence.nextval 
        from
            dual
    Hibernate: 
        insert 
        into
            USERS1
            (USERNAME, USERPASS, userid) 
        values
            (?, ?, ?)
    Hibernate: 
        insert 
        into
            RESUME1
            (RESNAME, RESCARDNO, RESUSERID, resid) 
        values
            (?, ?, ?, ?)

    结果:

    看到这里是不是觉得跟前面学的多对一关联映射没什么不同?开始的时候我也是这种心态,但是你接下来看就会知道了,我们来做一个查询操作。

    模拟一下场景,你是不是很不理解uses1.hbm.xml中<one-to-one>中为什么要加上property-ref,它到底是干什么的呢?

    接下来我们先把它去掉,看看效果。

    Users1.hbm.xml:

    测试结果:

    接下来我们看看当我们加上property-ref属性的时候得到的结果:

      这样是不是很直观的就可以看出两个结果的不同,那么我们得到什么结论呢?

    当我们做一对一映射时,在主键表的配置中,一定要书写property-ref属性,否则当你查询数据时,底层生成SQL时,会主动把两个表的主键id关联,从而得到错误的结果。

    2.按照主键映射

    第一步:实体类Users2(从表)和Resume2(主表)

    package cn.lex.entity;
    
    /**
     * Created by accp on 2017/1/18.
     * 员工表  从表
     */
    public class Users2 {
        private Integer userid;
        private String username;
        private String userpass;
        private Resume2 resume2;
    
        public Integer getUserid() {
            return userid;
        }
    
        public void setUserid(Integer userid) {
            this.userid = userid;
        }
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getUserpass() {
            return userpass;
        }
    
        public void setUserpass(String userpass) {
            this.userpass = userpass;
        }
    
        public Resume2 getResume2() {
            return resume2;
        }
    
        public void setResume2(Resume2 resume2) {
            this.resume2 = resume2;
        }
    }
    package cn.lex.entity;
    
    /**
     * Created by accp on 2017/1/18.
     * 档案表   主表
     */
    public class Resume2 {
        private Integer resid;
        private String resname;
        private String rescardno;
        private Users2 users2;
    
        public Integer getResid() {
            return resid;
        }
    
        public void setResid(Integer resid) {
            this.resid = resid;
        }
    
        public String getResname() {
            return resname;
        }
    
        public void setResname(String resname) {
            this.resname = resname;
        }
    
        public String getRescardno() {
            return rescardno;
        }
    
        public void setRescardno(String rescardno) {
            this.rescardno = rescardno;
        }
    
        public Users2 getUsers2() {
            return users2;
        }
    
        public void setUsers2(Users2 users2) {
            this.users2 = users2;
        }
    }

    第二步:配置文件Users2.hbm.xml和Resume2.hbmxml

    Resume2.hbmxml:

    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping package="cn.lex.entity">
        <class name="Resume2" table="RESUME2">
            <id name="resid">
                <!-- 主键生成策略-->
                <generator class="native">
                </generator></id>
            <property name="resname" column="RESNAME" type="string"></property>
            <property name="rescardno" column="RESCARDNO" type="string"></property>
            <one-to-one name="users2" class="Users2" cascade="all"></one-to-one>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

    Users2.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping package="cn.lex.entity">
        <class name="Users2" table="USERS2">
            <id name="userid">
                <!-- 使用foreign 主键生成策略额,hibernate就会保证Users2对象与Resume2对象共享同一个OID-->
                <generator class="foreign">
                    <param name="property">resume2</param>
                </generator>
            </id>
            <property name="username" column="USERNAME" type="string"></property>
            <property name="userpass" column="USERPASS" type="string"></property>
            <!-- <one-to-one>元素的constrained属性为true ,表明Users2表的USERID主键同时作为外键参照RESUME2表的主键
            -->
            <one-to-one name="resume2" class="Resume2" constrained="true"></one-to-one>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

    第三步:书写测试类

      @Test
        public void  add1(){
            Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();
            Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
            //创建用户
            Users2 users2=new Users2();
            users2.setUsername("帅的离谱");
            users2.setUserpass("111");
            //创建档案
            Resume2 resume2=new Resume2();
            resume2.setResname("离职档案");
            resume2.setRescardno("112");
            //关联
            users2.setResume2(resume2);
            resume2.setUsers2(users2);
    
            session.save(resume2);
            tx.commit();
            HibernateUtil.closeSession();
        }

    SQL语句:

    Hibernate: 
        create table RESUME2 (
            resid number(10,0) not null,
            RESNAME varchar2(255 char),
            RESCARDNO varchar2(255 char),
            primary key (resid)
        )
    Hibernate: 
        create table USERS2 (
            userid number(10,0) not null,
            USERNAME varchar2(255 char),
            USERPASS varchar2(255 char),
            primary key (userid)
        )
    Hibernate: 
        alter table USERS2 
            add constraint FKbhwvd9exxeaymfiyjkgdqgtcp 
            foreign key (userid) 
            references RESUME2
    Hibernate: 
        select
            hibernate_sequence.nextval 
        from
            dual
    Hibernate: 
        insert 
        into
            RESUME2
            (RESNAME, RESCARDNO, resid) 
        values
            (?, ?, ?)
    Hibernate: 
        insert 
        into
            USERS2
            (USERNAME, USERPASS, userid) 
        values
            (?, ?, ?)

    数据库体现:

    结论:USERS2表的USERID字段是主键,同时作为外键参照RESUME2表的主键,即USERS2表与RESUME2表共享主键。

    接下来我们写一个查询测试代码,看一下有什么不同?

    测试代码:

      @Test
        public void select1(){
            Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();
            Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
            Users2 users2 = session.load(Users2.class, 1);
            System.out.println(users2.getResume2().getResname());
            tx.commit();
            HibernateUtil.closeSession();
        }

    SQL:

    以上是Hibernate提供的两种一对一关联映射的方式,在实际的开发中,按照数据库表的设计选择相应的映射方式,当两个类之间只有一对一的关联时,应该优先考虑使用主键映射方式。

    3.组件映射

    建立关系数据模型的一个重要原则是在不会导致数据冗余的前提下,尽可能减少数据库表的数目及表之间的外键参照关系。以员工信息为例,员工信息中有员工的家庭地址信息,如果把地址信息单独放在一张表中,然后建立员工信息表和地址信息表之间的外键参照关系,当每次查询员工信息时,都需建立者两个表的连接。建立表的连接是很耗时的操作,为了提高数据库运行性能,可以把这两张表的信息整合在一张员工信息表EMPINFO中。

    第一步:创建EmpInfo类和EmpHomeAddress类

    EmpInfo表:

    package cn.lex.entity;
    
    /**
     * Created by accp on 2017/1/18.
     * 员工信息表
     */
    public class EmpInfo {
        private Integer eid;
        private String ename;
        private EmpHomeAddress ehome;
    
        public Integer getEid() {
            return eid;
        }
    
        public void setEid(Integer eid) {
            this.eid = eid;
        }
    
        public String getEname() {
            return ename;
        }
    
        public void setEname(String ename) {
            this.ename = ename;
        }
    
        public EmpHomeAddress getEhome() {
            return ehome;
        }
    
        public void setEhome(EmpHomeAddress ehome) {
            this.ehome = ehome;
        }
    }

    EmpHomeAddress表:

    package cn.lex.entity;
    
    /**
     * Created by accp on 2017/1/18.
     * 员工地址表
     */
    public class EmpHomeAddress {
        private String ehomestreet;
        private String ehomecity;
        private String ehomeprovince;
        private String ehomezipcode;
        private EmpInfo empinfo;
    
        public String getEhomestreet() {
            return ehomestreet;
        }
    
        public void setEhomestreet(String ehomestreet) {
            this.ehomestreet = ehomestreet;
        }
    
        public String getEhomecity() {
            return ehomecity;
        }
    
        public void setEhomecity(String ehomecity) {
            this.ehomecity = ehomecity;
        }
    
        public String getEhomeprovince() {
            return ehomeprovince;
        }
    
        public void setEhomeprovince(String ehomeprovince) {
            this.ehomeprovince = ehomeprovince;
        }
    
        public String getEhomezipcode() {
            return ehomezipcode;
        }
    
        public void setEhomezipcode(String ehomezipcode) {
            this.ehomezipcode = ehomezipcode;
        }
    
        public EmpInfo getEmpinfo() {
            return empinfo;
        }
    
        public void setEmpinfo(EmpInfo empinfo) {
            this.empinfo = empinfo;
        }
    }

    第二步:创建EmpInfo.hbm.xml配置文件

    EmpInfo.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping package="cn.lex.entity">
        <class name="EmpInfo" table="EMPINFO">
            <id name="eid" column="EID">
                <generator class="native"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="ename" column="ENAME" type="string"></property>
            <component name="ehome" class="EmpHomeAddress">
                <parent name="empinfo"/>
                <property name="ehomestreet" column="EHOMESTREET" type="string"></property>
                <property name="ehomecity" column="EHOMECITY" type="string"></property>
                <property name="ehomeprovince" column="EHOMEPROVINCE" type="string"></property>
                <property name="ehomezipcode" column="EHOMEZIPCODE" type="string"></property>
            </component>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

    <component>元素:表明ehome属性是EmpInfo类的一个组成部分,在Hibernate中称为组件。

    <component>元素有两个属性:

       (1)name:设定被映射的持久化类的属性名,此处为EmpInfo类的ehome属性。

       (2)class:设定ehome属性的类型,此处表明ehome属性为EmpHomeAddress类型。

    <componet>元素还包含一个<parent>子元素和一系列<property>子元素。<parent>元素指定EmpHomeAddress类所属的整体类,在这里设为empinfo。

    第三步:书写测试类:

     /**
         * 插入数据 组件映射
         */
        @Test
        public void add2() {
            Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();
            Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
            //创建一个员工对象
            EmpInfo emp = new EmpInfo();
            emp.setEname("张靓颖");
    
            //创建一个员工地址对象
            EmpHomeAddress address = new EmpHomeAddress();
            address.setEhomecity("海淀区");
            address.setEhomeprovince("北京");
            address.setEhomestreet("五道口");
            address.setEhomezipcode("100000");
            address.setEmpinfo(emp);
            emp.setEhome(address);
            session.save(emp);
            tx.commit();
            HibernateUtil.closeSession();
        }

    SQL :

    数据库数据:

    在这里是没有EmpHomeAddress类的映射文件,数据库也不会创建表。

    查询语句:

     @Test
        public void select2() {
            Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();
            Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
            EmpInfo empInfo = session.load(EmpInfo.class, 1);
            System.out.println("姓名:" + empInfo.getEname());
            System.out.print("地址:" + empInfo.getEhome().getEhomeprovince() + empInfo.getEhome().getEhomecity() + empInfo.getEhome().getEhomestreet());
            tx.commit();
            HibernateUtil.closeSession();
        }

    SQL语句:

    上面以EmpInfo和EmpHomeAddress类为例介绍了组件映射,Hibernate用<componet>元素来映射EmpInfo类的ehome属性。

    EmpHomeAddress类作为Hibernate的组件,具有以下特征:

     (1)EmpHomeAddress类没有OID,在数据库中也没有与之对应的表,不需要单独创建EmpHomeAddress类的映射文件。

     (2)不能单独持久化EmpHomeAddress对象。EmpHomeAddress对象的生命周期依赖于EmpInfo对象的生命周期。

     (3)其他持久化类不允许关联EmpHomeAddress类,EmpHomeAddress可以关联其他持久化类。


     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wl0000-03/p/6296613.html
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