centOS 在线安装lnmp

CentOS7源码安装最新版LNMP环境

 

lnmp环境版本如下：

系统：CentOS 7 x86_64

NGINX：nginx-1.7.12

数据库：mariadb-10.0.13

PHP：php-5.5.23

首先做一些准备工作，先把centos7的防火墙更换成iptables，可以参见如下链接

centos7防火墙改为iptables

修改成iptables之后就可以清空iptables里面的过滤规则了，然后再关闭selinux服务。记得不要忘了先安装gcc gcc-c++ wget net-tools等功能哦。

首先安装mariadb

应为数据库编译需要很长时间，所以我这里下载的是已经编译好了的二进制包，下载版本为 mariadb-10.0.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz 

1、下载二进制包到/usr/local/src 目录下：

[root@centos74 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

[root@centos74 src]# wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/mariadb-10.0.13/bintar-quantal-amd64/mariadb-10.0.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

2、将压缩包解压到/usr/local 目录下：

[root@centos74 src]# tar zvxf mariadb-10.0.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

3、创建mariadb 数据初始化目录/data/mysql:

[root@centos74 src]# mkdir -p /data/mysql

4、添加系统用户mysql,禁止登陆系统，同时，将mariadb 数据初始化目录所属主和组都修改为mysql:

[root@centos74 src]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql ;chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/

5、重命名解压出来的mariadb 目录：

[root@centos74 src]# mv /usr/local/mariadb-10.0.13-linux-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

6、进入重命名后的目录，初始化mariadb:

[root@centos74 src]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

[root@centos74 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql

Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/data/mysql' ...

140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages

140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3

140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO

140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

........................................................................

The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.

You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:

http://dev.mysql.com

Support MariaDB development by buying support/new features from

SkySQL Ab. You can contact us about this at sales@skysql.com.

Alternatively consider joining our community based development effort:

http://mariadb.com/kb/en/contributing-to-the-mariadb-project/

报错：WARNING: The host 'test4' could not be looked up with resolveip.

解决办法：vim /etc/hosts 在最后一行添加192.168.1.242 test4

报错：./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决办法：yum -y install libaio-devel libaio

7、复制配置文件到/etc目录覆盖之前的my.cnf:

[root@centos74 mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y

8、复制mysql 启动脚本文件到/etc/init.d 目录下并重命名为mysqld:

[root@centos74 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

同时修改启动脚本的权限为755：

[root@centos74 mysql]# chmod 755 !$

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

9、编辑启动脚本，定义datadir 路径：

[root@centos74 mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

定义数据存放路径：

datadir=/data/mysql

10、将mariadb自带命令放入$PATH

[root@localhost ~]# PATH=$PATH:/etc/init.d/#当前有效，重启shell就失效

[root@localhost ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/etc/init.d/" >>/etc/profile

[root@localhost ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/" >>/etc/profile

[root@localhost ~]# source !$

11、启动mariadb:

[root@centos74 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

第二步，开始安装php

这里要先声明一下，针对Nginx的php安装和针对apache的php安装是有区别的，因为Nginx中的php是以fastcgi的方式结合nginx的，可以理解为nginx代理了php的fastcgi，而apache是把php作为自己的模块来调用的。同样的，php官方下载地址: http://www.php.net/downloads.php

下载php

[rot@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src

[root@localhost src]# wget http://am1.php.net/distributions/php-5.5.23.tar.gz

解压php

[root@localhost src]# tar zxf php-5.5.23.tar.gz

创建相关账户

[root@localhost src]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm

配置编译参数

[root@localhost src]# cd php-5.5.23

[root@localhost src]# yum -y install gcc make gd-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel 

[root@localhost php-5.5.23]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=mysqlnd  --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --enable-bcmath --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --with-gd --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local --with-gettext

错误：configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.

解决办法：yum -y install libxml2-devel

错误：configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution -easy.h should be in <curl-dir>/include/curl/

解决办法：yum -y install libcurl-devel

错误：configure: error: jpeglib.h not found.

解决办法：yum -y install libjpeg-turbo-devel

错误：configure: error: png.h not found.

解决办法：um -y install libpng-devel

错误：configure: error: freetype-config not found.

解决办法：configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.

错误：configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.

解决办法：yum -y install libmcrypt-devel

安装php

[root@localhost  php-5.3.27]# make && make install

以上每一个步骤，如果没有完全执行正确，那么下一步是无法进行的，使用 echo $? 看结果是否为 “0” , 如果不是，就是没有执行正确。

修改配置文件

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

把如下内容写入该文件:

[global]

pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid

error_log = /usr/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.log

[www]

listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock

user = php-fpm

group = php-fpm

listen.owner = nobody

listen.group = nobody

pm = dynamic

pm.max_children = 50

pm.start_servers = 20

pm.min_spare_servers = 5

pm.max_spare_servers = 35

pm.max_requests = 500

rlimit_files = 1024

保存配置文件后，检验配置是否正确的方法为:

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -t

如果出现诸如 “test is successful” 字样，说明配置没有问题。

启动php-fpm

cp /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm

service php-fpm start

如果想让它开机启动，执行:

chkconfig php-fpm on

检测是否启动:

ps aux |grep php-fpm

看看是不是有很多个进程（大概20多个）。

安装nginx

下载nginx

cd /usr/local/src/

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.12.tar.gz

解压nginx

tar zxvf nginx-1.7.12.tar.gz

配置编译参数

cd nginx-1.7.12

./configure

--prefix=/usr/local/nginx

--with-http_realip_module

--with-http_sub_module

--with-http_gzip_static_module

--with-http_stub_status_module  

--with-pcre

报错：./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

解决办法：yum -y install pcre-devel

报错：./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.

解决办法：yum install -y zlib-devel

编译nginx

make

安装nginx

make install

编写nginx启动脚本，并加入系统服务

vim /etc/init.d/nginx

写入如下内容:

#!/bin/bash

# chkconfig: - 30 21

# description: http service.

# Source Function Library

. /etc/init.d/functions

# Nginx Settings

NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

RETVAL=0

prog="Nginx"

start() {

        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

        mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp

        daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF

        RETVAL=$?

        echo

        return $RETVAL

}

stop() {

        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

        killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM

        rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp

        RETVAL=$?

        echo

        return $RETVAL

}

reload(){

        echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

        killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP

        RETVAL=$?

        echo

        return $RETVAL

}

restart(){

        stop

        start

}

configtest(){

    $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t

    return 0

}

case "$1" in

  start)

        start

        ;;

  stop)

        stop

        ;;

  reload)

        reload

        ;;

  restart)

        restart

        ;;

  configtest)

        configtest

        ;;

  *)

        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"

        RETVAL=1

esac

exit $RETVAL

保存后，更改权限:

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

chkconfig --add nginx

如果想开机启动，请执行:

chkconfig nginx on

更改nginx配置

首先把原来的配置文件清空:

> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

“>” 这个符号为重定向的意思，单独用它，可以把一个文本文档快速清空。

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

写入如下内容:

user nobody nobody;

worker_processes 2;

error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events

{

    use epoll;

    worker_connections 6000;

}

http

{

    include mime.types;

    default_type application/octet-stream;

    server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;

    server_names_hash_max_size 4096;

    log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'

    '$host "$request_uri" $status'

    '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';

    sendfile on;

    tcp_nopush on;

    keepalive_timeout 30;

    client_header_timeout 3m;

    client_body_timeout 3m;

    send_timeout 3m;

    connection_pool_size 256;

    client_header_buffer_size 1k;

    large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;

    request_pool_size 4k;

    output_buffers 4 32k;

    postpone_output 1460;

    client_max_body_size 10m;

    client_body_buffer_size 256k;

    client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;

    proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;

    fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;

    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

    tcp_nodelay on;

    gzip on;

    gzip_min_length 1k;

    gzip_buffers 4 8k;

    gzip_comp_level 5;

    gzip_http_version 1.1;

    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;

server

{

    listen 80;

    server_name localhost;

    index index.html index.htm index.php;

    root /usr/local/nginx/html;

    location ~ .php$ {

        include fastcgi_params;

        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;

        fastcgi_index index.php;

        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;

    }

}

}

保存配置后，先检验一下配置文件是否有错误存在:

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  -t

如果显示内容如下，则配置正确，否则需要根据错误提示修改配置文件:

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

启动nginx:

service nginx start

如果不能启动，请查看 “/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log” 文件，检查nginx是否启动:

ps aux |grep nginx

看是否有进程。

测试是否解析php文件

创建测试文件:

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/2.php

内容如下:

<?php echo phpinfo();?>

测试:

[root@localhost nginx]# curl localhost/2.php

或者使用浏览器打开http://YourServerIPAddress/2.php

重要：如果解析不了，检查日志发现连接不到php，我的php版本为5.5.23，比较新的版本，需要在php/etc/php-fpm.conf文件中添加

listen.owner = nobody

listen.group = nobody

这两行，再重启一下服务就能使用php了

原因是/tmp/php-fcgi.sock这个文件没有读权限