1.安装yum 源
[root@n1 ~]#rpm -vih https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
2.安装服务程序
[root@n1 ~]# yum install -y httpd dhcp tftp xinetd cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart
cobbler #cobbler程序包
cobbler-web #cobbler的web服务包
pykickstart #cobbler检查kickstart语法错误
[root@n1 ~]# rpm -ql cobbler # 查看安装的文件，下面列出部分。 /etc/cobbler # 配置文件目录 /etc/cobbler/settings # cobbler主配置文件，这个文件是yaml格式，cobbler是python写的程序。 /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template # dhcp服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template # tftp服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/rsync.template # rsync服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/iso # iso模板配置文件目录 /etc/cobbler/pxe # pxe模板文件目录 /etc/cobbler/power # 电源的配置文件目录 /etc/cobbler/users.conf # web服务授权配置文件 /etc/cobbler/users.digest # web访问的用户名密码配置文件 /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/modules.conf # cobbler模块配置文件 数据目录： /var/lib/cobbler # cobbler数据目录 /var/lib/cobbler/config # 配置文件 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts # 默认存放kickstart文件 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders # 存放的各种引导程序 /var/www/cobbler # 系统安装镜像目录 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror # 导入的系统镜像列表 /var/www/cobbler/p_w_picpaths # 导入的系统镜像启动文件 /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror # yum源存储目录 日志目录： /var/log/cobbler # 日志目录 /var/log/cobbler/install.log # 客户端系统安装日志 /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log # cobbler日志 命令介绍 cobbler commands介绍 cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题 cobbler list 列出所有的cobbler元素 cobbler report 列出元素的详细信息 cobbler sync 同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下 cobbler reposync 同步yum仓库 cobbler distro 查看导入的发行版系统信息 cobbler system 查看添加的系统信息 cobbler profile 查看配置信息
检测cobbler
[root@n1 ~]# cobbler check
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 36, in <module> sys.exit(app.main()) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 662, in main rc = cli.run(sys.argv) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 269, in run self.token = self.remote.login("", self.shared_secret) File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1233, in __call__ return self.__send(self.__name, args) File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1587, in __request verbose=self.__verbose File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1273, in request return self.single_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose) File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1306, in single_request return self.parse_response(response) File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1482, in parse_response return u.close() File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 794, in close raise Fault(**self._stack[0]) xmlrpclib.Fault: <Fault 1: "<class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>:'login failed'">
解决办法 [root@cobbler ~]#systemctl restart httpd.service [root@cobbler ~]#systemctl restart cobblerd.service # 关闭防火墙、selinux等 [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl disable firewalld [root@cobbler ~]# setenforce 0 [root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
检测cobbler [root@n1 ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl 6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one 8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. 按照指示修改 1.修改/etc/cobbler/settings中的"server"字段为提供cobbler服务的主机的IP或主机名 [root@n1 ~]# sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 32.153.3.166/' /etc/cobbler/settings [root@n1 ~]# grep "server" /etc/cobbler/settings server: 192.168.231.60 2.修改/etc/cobbler/settings中"next_server"为PXE网络上启动服务器的IP（这里PXE服务器和cobbler在同一主机） [root@n1 ~]# sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 32.153.3.166/' /etc/cobbler/settings [root@n1 ~]# grep "next_server" /etc/cobbler/settings next_server: 192.168.231.60 3.修改/etc/xinet.d/tftp文件中的disable的参数为no [root@n1 ~]# cp /etc/xinetd.d/tftp{,.bak} #备份 [root@n1 ~]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp disable = no [root@liu ~]# systemctl restart cobbler 重启一下cobbler [root@liu ~]# vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template 修改DHCP 配置文件 subnet 32.153.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option routers 32.153.3.2; option domain-name-servers 32.153.3.2; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; range dynamic-bootp 32.153.3.100 32.153.3.120; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; next-server $next_server; class "pxeclients" { 4.执行cobbler get-loaders命令 [root@liu ~]# systemctl restart cobbler 重启一下cobbler [root@liu ~]# cobbler sync 5.启动rsync服务 [root@n1 ~]# systemctl start rsyncd.service [root@n1 ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd.service 6.安装包用来管理debian部署和存储库，这里不需要，就不安装了 7.修改cobbler中的加密密码（即为自动安装系统后的root登录密码） #生成加密密码openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here' [root@n1 ~]# openssl passwd -1 $1$123456$jMyuS0sKNP4A/OOlui3lR/ [root@n1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings default_password_crypted: "$1$123456$jMyuS0sKNP4A/OOlui3lR/" 8.安装cman fence-agents(可选),电源管理功能 [root@n1 ~]# yum install cman fence-agents -y 修改一些其他配置 [root@n1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings manage_dhcp: 1 #用cobbler管理dhcp pxe_just_once: 1 #防止循环安装系统，适用于服务器第一启动选项是pxe启动
同步cobbler配置 [root@n1 ~]# cobbler sync [root@n1 ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service 重新检测cobbler [root@n1 ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. #管理deban，这里不需要安装 同步cobbler配置 [root@n1 ~]# cobbler sync 重新检测cobbler [root@n1 ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. 挂载光盘镜像 [root@liu ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only 导入镜像 [root@n1 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=Centos-6.9 --arch=x86_64 [root@n1 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=Centos-7.2 --arch=x86_64 [root@n1 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=Centos-7.4 --arch=x86_64 [root@n1 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=Centos-7.6 --arch=x86_64 [root@n1 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=Centos-7.7 --arch=x86_64 [root@n1 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=Centos-7.8 --arch=x86_64 --path:镜像路径 --name:为安装源定义一个名字 --arch ：指定安装源是64位或32位 [root@liu kickstarts]# cobbler profile list Centos-6.9-x86_64 Centos-7.2-x86_64 Centos-7.4-x86_64 Centos-7.6-x86_64 Centos-7.7-x86_64 Centos-7.8-x86_64 [root@liu kickstarts]#vi /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ 分别新建KS配置文件到目录下 Centos-6.9.cfg Centos-7.2.cfg Centos-7.4.cfg Centos-7.6.cfg Centos-7.7.cfg Centos-7.8.cfg 编辑 替换 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks默认的配置文件为自己的KS文件 [root@liu ~]#cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-6.9-x86_64 --kickstar=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-6.9-x86_64.cfg [root@liu ~]#cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.2-x86_64 --kickstar=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-7.2-x86_64.cfg [root@liu ~]#cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.4-x86_64 --kickstar=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-7.4-x86_64.cfg [root@liu ~]#cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.6-x86_64 --kickstar=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-7.6-x86_64.cfg [root@liu ~]#cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.7-x86_64 --kickstar=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-7.7-x86_64.cfg [root@liu ~]#cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.8-x86_64 --kickstar=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-7.8-x86_64.cfg [root@liu kickstarts]# cobbler profile report Name : Centos-7.2-x86_64 TFTP Boot Files : {} Comment : DHCP Tag : default Distribution : Centos-7.2-x86_64 Enable gPXE? : 0 Enable PXE Menu? : 1 Fetchable Files : {} Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks-------Centos-7.2-x86_64.cfg Kickstart Metadata : {} Management Classes : [] Management Parameters : <<inherit>> Name Servers : [] Name Servers Search Path : [] Owners : ['admin'] Parent Profile : Internal proxy : Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Repos : [] Server Override : <<inherit>> Template Files : {} Virt Auto Boot : 1 Virt Bridge : xenbr0 Virt CPUs : 1 Virt Disk Driver Type : raw Virt File Size(GB) : 5 Virt Path : Virt RAM (MB) : 512 Virt Type : kvm Name : Centos-6.9-x86_64 TFTP Boot Files : {} Comment : DHCP Tag : default Distribution : Centos-6.9-x86_64 Enable gPXE? : 0 Enable PXE Menu? : 1 Fetchable Files : {} Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks--------Centos-6.9-x86_64.cfg Kickstart Metadata : {} Management Classes : [] Management Parameters : <<inherit>> Name Servers : [] Name Servers Search Path : [] Owners : ['admin'] Parent Profile : Internal proxy : Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Repos : [] Server Override : <<inherit>> Template Files : {} Virt Auto Boot : 1 Virt Bridge : xenbr0 Virt CPUs : 1 Virt Disk Driver Type : raw Virt File Size(GB) : 5 Virt Path : Virt RAM (MB) : 512 Virt Type : kvm 第二个方案：上面不能改的化，选择这个方案。 配置ks文件 查看ks文件位置 [root@n1 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ [root@n1 kickstarts]# ls default.ks legacy.ks sample_esx4.ks sample.ks esxi4-ks.cfg pxerescue.ks sample_esxi4.ks sample_old.seed esxi5-ks.cfg sample_autoyast.xml sample_esxi5.ks sample.seed install_profiles sample_end.ks (默认使用的ks文件） sample_esxi6.ks 配置自定义ks文件，以sample_end.ks为模板 [root@n1 kickstarts]# cp sample_end.ks Centos-7-x86_64.ks [root@n1 kickstarts]# vim Centos-7-x86_64.ks #只修改如下内容 firewall --disable #关闭防火墙 timezone Asia/Shanghai #设置时区 # autopart #把自动分区注释,手动如下设置 part /boot --fstype=ext4 --asprimary --size=200 part swap --asprimary --size=1024 part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --asprimary --size=10240 %packages #安装需要安装的软件包 $SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled') #这里默认 %end 解释 --asprimary,强迫把分区分配为主分区,否则提示分区失败. --fstype=,为分区设置文件系统类型.有效的类型为ext2,ext3,swap和vfat --grow 让分区自动增长利用可用的磁盘空间，或是增长到设置的maxsize值； --size= 设置分区的最小值，默认单位为M，但是不能写单位； %packages部分,这部分选择需要安装的软件包. #第一次导入系统镜像后，cobbler会给镜像指定一个默认的kickstart自动安装文件(/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks) [root@liu kickstarts]# cp sample_end.ks sample_end-bak.ks 备份原先的配置文件 [root@liu kickstarts]# rm -rf sample_end.ks [root@liu kickstarts]# vi sample_end.ks 重新建立一个 ---内核参数Kernel Options 网卡名称 eth0 eth1 [只改变7的网卡名称就行] [root@liu kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.2-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0' [root@liu kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.4-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0' [root@liu kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.6-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0' [root@liu kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0' [root@liu kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.8-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0' [root@liu kickstarts]# cobbler profile report Name : Centos-7.2-x86_64 TFTP Boot Files : {} Comment : DHCP Tag : default Distribution : Centos-7.2-x86_64 Enable gPXE? : 0 Enable PXE Menu? : 1 Fetchable Files : {} Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-7.2-x86_64.cfg Kickstart Metadata : {} Management Classes : [] Management Parameters : <<inherit>> Name Servers : [] Name Servers Search Path : [] Owners : ['admin'] Parent Profile : Internal proxy : Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Repos : [] Server Override : <<inherit>> Template Files : {} Virt Auto Boot : 1 Virt Bridge : xenbr0 Virt CPUs : 1 Virt Disk Driver Type : raw Virt File Size(GB) : 5 Virt Path : Virt RAM (MB) : 512 Virt Type : kvm [root@n1 ~]# cobbler sync 修改PXE默认启动选项 默认情况下PXE启动的是Local（启动后会出现local和自定义Centos-7-x86_64两个选项，需手动，要无人工干涉，就需要修改） 修改前 [root@n1 ~]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/ [root@n1 pxelinux.cfg]# vi default DEFAULT menu PROMPT 0 MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io/ TIMEOUT 200 #菜单停留超时时间 TOTALTIMEOUT 6000 ONTIMEOUT (local)-----------------将括号里面的内容改为Centos-7-x86_64 LABEL local -------------------删除 MENU LABEL (local)---------删除 MENU DEFAULT---------------删除 LOCALBOOT -1---------------删除 LABEL Centos-7-x86_64 #选项栏 kernel /images/Centos-7-x86_64/vmlinuz #选项标题自动安装7系统 MENU LABEL Centos-7-x86_64 #指定内核镜像文件位置，参考TFTP的根目录/var/lib/tftpboot的相对路径 append initrd=/images/Centos-7-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang= kssendmac text ks=http://192.168.231.60/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Centos-7-x86_64 #指定为根系统所在位置同样参考TFTP服务器的根目录的相对路径，指定ks文件的位置。 ipappend 2 MENU end 不用cobbler sync,否则会恢复原来的配置 [root@n1 ~]#tail -f /var/log/messages 查看日志 说明：在client端系统安装时，可以在cobbler服务端上查看日志/var/log/messages，观察安装的每一个流程