• iOS开发-文件管理


    一、iOS中的沙盒机制

    • iOS应用程序只能对自己创建的文件系统读取文件,这个独立、封闭、安全的空间,叫做沙盒。它一般存放着程序包文件(可执行文件)、图片、音频、视频、plist文件、sqlite数据库以及其他文件。

    • 每个应用程序都有自己的独立的存储空间(沙盒)

    • 一般来说应用程序之间是不可以互相访问

    模拟器沙盒的位置

    /User/userName/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator

    当我们创建应用程序时,在每个沙盒中含有三个文件,分别是Document、Library和temp。

    • Document:一般需要持久的数据都放在此目录中,可以在当中添加子文件夹,iTunes备份和恢复的时候,会包括此目录。

    • Library:设置程序的默认设置和其他状态信息

    • temp:创建临时文件的目录,当iOS设备重启时,文件会被自动清除

    获取沙盒目录

    • 获取程序的根目录(home)目录

    NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory()

    • 获取Document目录

    NSArray  *paths = NSSearchPathDorDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDicrectory,, NSUserDomainMark, YES);                                                                           NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];

    • 获取Library目录

    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriseInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);                                                                                   NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];   

    • 获取Library中的Cache

    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriseInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);                                                                                   NSString *docPath = [paths lastObject];

    • 获取temp路径

    NSString *temp = NSTemporaryDirectory( );

    二、NSString类路径的处理方法

    文件路径的处理

    NSString *path = @"/Uesrs/apple/testfile.txt"

    • 常用方法如下

    获得组成此路径的各个组成部分,结果:("/","User","apple","testfile.txt")

    - (NSArray *)pathComponents;

    提取路径的最后一个组成部分,结果:testfile.txt

    - (NSString *)lastPathComponent;

    删除路径的最后一个组成部分,结果:/Users/apple

    - (NSString *)stringByDeletingLastPathCpmponent;

    将path添加到先邮路径的末尾,结果:/Users/apple/testfile.txt/app.txt

    - (NSString *)stringByAppendingPathConmponent:(NSString *)str;

    去路径最后部分的扩展名,结果:text

    - (NSString *)pathExtension;

    删除路径最后部分的扩展名,结果:/Users/apple/testfile

    - (NSString *)stringByDeletingPathExtension;

    路径最后部分追加扩展名,结果:/User/apple/testfile.txt.jpg

    - (NSString *)stringByAppendingPathExtension:(NSString *)str;

    三、NSData

    • NSData是用来包装数据的

    • NSData存储的是二进制数据,屏蔽了数据之间的差异,文本、音频、图像等数据都可用NSData来存储

    NSData的用法

    1.NSString与NSData互相转换

    NSData-> NSString                                                                                     NSString *aString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:adataencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

    NSString->NSData                                                                                      NSString *aString = @"1234abcd";
    NSData *aData = [aString dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding]; 

    将data类型的数据,转成UTF8的数据

    +(NSString *)dataToUTF8String:(NSData *)data
    {
    NSString *buf = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    return [buf autorelease];
    }

    将string转换为指定编码 
    +(NSString *)changeDataToEncodinString:(NSData *)data encodin:(NSStringEncoding )encodin{
        NSString *buf = [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:encodin] autorelease];
        return buf;
    }

    2. NSData 与 UIImage
    NSData->UIImage
    UIImage *aimage = [UIImage imageWithData: imageData];
     
    //例:从本地文件沙盒中取图片并转换为NSData
    NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];
    NSString *name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"ceshi.png"];
    NSString *finalPath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:name];
    NSData *imageData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile: finalPath];
    UIImage *aimage = [UIImage imageWithData: imageData];

    3.NSData与NSArray  NSDictionary

    +(NSString *)getLocalFilePath:(NSString *) fileName
    {
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@%@", NSHomeDirectory(),@“Documents”,fileName];
    }

    包括将NSData写进Documents目录
    从Documents目录读取数据
    在进行网络数据通信的时候,经常会遇到NSData类型的数据。在该数据是dictionary结构的情况下,系统没有提供现成的转换成NSDictionary的方法,为此可以通过Category对NSDictionary进行扩展,以支持从NSData到NSDictionary的转换。声明和实现如下:

     
    + (NSDictionary *)dictionaryWithContentsOfData:(NSData *)data {     
        CFPropertyListRef list = CFPropertyListCreateFromXMLData(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFDataRef)data, kCFPropertyListImmutable, NULL);
        if(list == nil) return nil; 
        if ([(id)list isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) { 
             return [(NSDictionary *)list autorelease]; 
            } 
        else { 
             CFRelease(list); 
             return nil; 
            } 
    }

    四、文件管理常用方法

    NSFileManager

    创建一个文件并写入数据                                                                                    - (BOOL)createFileAtPath:(NSString *)path contents:(NSData *)data attributes:(NSDictionary *)attr;

    从一个文件中读取数据                                                                                       - (NSData *)contentsAtPath:(NSString *)path;

    scrPath路径上的文件移动到dstPath路径上,注意这里的路径是文件路径而不是目录          - (BOOL)moveItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **) error;

    scrPath路径上的文件复制到dstPath路径上                                                            - (BOOL)copyItemAtPath:(NSString *)scrPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **) error;

    比较两个文件的内容是否一样                                                                               - (BOOL)contentsEqualAtPath:(NSString *)path1 andPath:(NSString *)path2;

    文件时候存在                                                                                                  - (BOOL)fileExistsAtPath:(NSString *)path;

    移除文件                                                                                                        - (BOOL)removeItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError **) error;

    创建文件管理

    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];                          NSString *path = [NSHomeDirectory( )  stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];                                                                                                     NSString *text = @"abcdefg"; 

    将字符串转成NSData类型                                                                                 NSData *data = [text dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding]; 

    写入文件                                                                                                       BOOL success = [fileManager createFileAtPath:path contents:data attributes:nil];

    创建文件夹 

    NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];     NSString *contect = @"abcdefg";                                                                     BOOL success = [fm createFileAtPath:filePath contents:[content dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding] attributes:nil];

    NSFileManager-读取内容                                                                                 NSData *fileData = [fileManager contentsAtPath:filePath];                                   NSString *content = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:fileData dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];

    NSData-读取内容                                                                                          NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];     NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentOfFile:filePath];

    NSString-读取内容                                                                                         NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];     NSString *content = [[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:filePath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];

    移动、复制文件                                                                                             

    移动文件(重命名)                                                                                         NSString *toPath = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"hellogod/New Testament.txt"];                                                                              [fm createDirectoryAtPath:[toPath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];                                                   NSError *error;                                                                                             BOOL isSuccess = [fm moveItemAtPath:filePath toPath:toPath error:&error];

    复制文件(重命名)                                                                                         NSString *copyPath = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"备份/Old Testament.txt"];                                                                                  [fm createDirectoryAtPath:[toPath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];                                                   BOOL success = [fm copyItemAtPath:toPath toPath:toPath error:nil];

    删除文件、获取文件大小

    判断文件是否存在和删除文件                                                                               if([fm fileExistsAtPath])                                                                                     {                                                                                                                    if ([fm removeItemAtPath:copyPath])                                                                {                                                                                                                   NSLog(@"remove success");                                                                            }                                                                                                                  }

    获取文件大小                                                                                                  NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];                         获得文件的属性字典                                                                                         NSDictionary *attrDic = [fileManager attributesOfItemAtpath:sourcePath error:nil];  NSNumber *fileSize = [attrDic objectForKey:NSFileSize];   

    获取目录文件信息                                                                                            NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];                         NSString *enuPath = [NSHomeDirectoty( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Test"];                                                                                                           NSDictionaryEnumerator *dirEnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath:enuPath];     NSString *path = nil;                                                                                      while ((path = [dirEnum nextObject]} != nil)                                                        {                                                                                                                  NSLog(@"%@",path);                                                                                        }

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wj0920wjx/p/4595339.html
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