一、简介
HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议
二、特性
1、基于标准的java语言
2、以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了GET、POST、PUT等Http的全部方法
3、支持https协议
4、 Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。
5、Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。
三、使用方法
1、创建HttpClient对象。(推荐用CloseableHttpClient,HttpClient是历史遗留版本,官方推荐使用CloseableHttpClient)
**注:两者的依赖不同
2、创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求uri。如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
3、如果需要发送请求参数,直接在请求地址后拼接参数(√);对于HttpPost对象而言,也可先设置参数队列,然后调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
4、调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse/CloseableHttpResponse。
5、调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,如果出现乱码,可以将HttpEntity对象改成StringEntity,可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
6、释放连接,无论方法是否执行成功,都应当必须释放
所需依赖maven
<!--HttpClient--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId> <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> </dependency> <!--CloseableHttpClient--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.10</version> </dependency>
四、案例
以get、post、文件上传举例
Post:(有参数)
```java /** * 表单提交(未封装方法) */ public class Second { // *创建默认的httpClient实例(CloseableHttpClient). static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); public static void main(String[] args){ // *创建HttpPost HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/warnWeathers/save"); // *创建参数队列 List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("winfo", "红色降雨预警,请勿随意外出游玩")); nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("wtype", "红色降雨预警")); nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("warea", "香洲,斗门")); nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("wdays", "2")); UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; try { // 设置实体类参数编码格式 uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, "UTF-8"); // *发送请求参数 httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); // 测试:输出请求地址 // System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); // *调用HttpClient对象的execute发送请求方法并返回一个httpClient/CloseableHttpResponse对象 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); try { // *调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象 // HttpEntity-->StringEntity 解决乱码问题 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); // 获取响应内容以及响应头 String message = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"); Header[] allHeaders = response.getAllHeaders(); if (message != null) { System.out.println("响应头:"+allHeaders); System.out.println("Response content: " + message); } // *关闭连接,释放资源 } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
文件上传:
/** * 上传文件 */ public void upload() { CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/uploads.action"); FileBody filebody = new FileBody(new File("D:\image\1.jpg")); StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN); HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("filebody", filebody).addPart("comment", comment).build(); httppost.setEntity(reqEntity); System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine()); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); try { System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); if (resEntity != null) { System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength()); } EntityUtils.consume(resEntity); } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Get:
/** *无参Get请求方法 *带参的可直接在请求地址后拼接 */ public class First { // *创建默认的httpClient实例(CloseableHttpClient). static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ // *创建HttpGet请求 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/warnWeathers/findAll"); // *执行get请求 HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpGet); if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { // *调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象 HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); String message = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "utf-8"); //根据所需自行 System.out.println("状态码:"+response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()); System.out.println("响应状态:"+response.getStatusLine()); System.out.println("地区:"+response.getLocale()); System.out.println("返回数据类型:"+resEntity.getContentType()); System.out.println("响应内容:"+message); } else { System.out.println("出错啦,快去找一下原因!状态码是:"+response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()); } } }
附:
关于RequestConfig配置
//创建RequestConfig RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() //一、连接超时,指的是连接一个url的连接等待时间 .setConnectTimeout(1000) // 二、读取数据超时,指的是连接上一个url,获取response的返回等待时间 .setSocketTimeout(1000) //三、从连接池获取连接的超时时间 .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000) .build();
// 这个超时可以设置为客户端级别,作为所有请求的默认值: CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom() .setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig) .build(); // httpclient.execute(httppost)可以让httppost直接享受到httpclient中的默认配置. // Request不会继承客户端级别的请求配置,所以在自定义Request的时候,需要将客户端的默认配置拷贝过去: HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/"); RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.copy(defaultRequestConfig) .setProxy(new HttpHost("myotherproxy", 8080)) .build(); httpget.setConfig(requestConfig); // httpget可以单独地使用新copy的requestConfig请求配置,不会对别的request请求产生影响