WEB开发框架性能排行与趋势分析2-三大惊喜变化
Web框架性能排名
上一次基于TechEmpower的《Web Framework Benchmarks》性能基准测试的解读之后,时隔两年此次Round19(2020-05-28)榜单有了三个令人兴奋的变化:
注:带星号的项目支持完整的ORM和模板技术
一、神奇的Lithium
C++和Rust都是只提供编译期反射的,所以实现ORM的方法有两种,一种是带生成器,需要工具和预处理。一种是利用宏和模板技术来生成代码。
Lithium这个项目和其它妖艳贱货不一样,代码优雅得一塌糊涂,而且性能惊人Lithium(ORM)(RAW)以 59.2%的成绩一骑绝尘。虽然使用宏和模板有点烧脑,但还是值得一看。
对比Rust的Diesel,仅取得了24%的成绩还是有很大提升空间的。Golang的框架测试代码中没有一个带ORM,是因为Golang的反射机制还是很慢的,直接拖累了性能。
auto fortunes = sql_orm_schema(sql_db, "Fortune").fields( s::id(s::auto_increment, s::primary_key) = int(), s::message = std::string()); my_api.get("/fortunes") = [&](http_request& request, http_response& response) { sql_db.max_async_connections_per_thread_ = fortunes_nconn; typedef decltype(fortunes.all_fields()) fortune; std::vector<fortune> table; { auto c = fortunes.connect(request.fiber); c.forall([&] (const auto& f) { table.emplace_back(metamap_clone(f)); }); } table.emplace_back(0, "Additional fortune added at request time."); std::sort(table.begin(), table.end(), [] (const fortune& a, const fortune& b) { return a.message < b.message; }); li::growing_output_buffer ss; ss << "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Fortunes</title></head><body><table><tr><th>id</th><th>message</th></tr>"; for(auto& f : table) { ss << "<tr><td>" << f.id << "</td><td>"; escape_html_entities(ss, f.message); ss << "</td></tr>"; } ss << "</table></body></html>"; response.set_header("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8"); response.write(ss.to_string_view()); };
二、恐怖的Workerman
PHP一直热衷于各种用底层代码来提升性能,但是由于各种原因,成果有限。即使异步PHP框架swoole的出现,彻底舍弃了PHP的基本机制,使得性能有了极大提升,也没有引起大的改变,但纯PHP实现的异步框架Workerman却有可能改变这一情况。使用Workerman的Ubiquity框架竟然打败了一众框架勇夺第二名。性能提升几十倍,堪称恐怖。原来PHP已经足够优秀,只是打开方式不对。
Act(ORM)(Rythm): 28.9%
Ubiquity(ORM)(PHP):28.1%
Actix(Diesel)(HBS): 23.6%
AspCore(EF)(ASP): 23.3%
class Fortunes extends UbiquitycontrollersSimpleViewController { public function initialize() { UbiquitycacheCacheManager::startProdFromCtrl(); } public function index() { $fortunes = SDAO::getAll(Fortune::class); $fortunes[] = new Fortune(0, 'Additional fortune added at request time.'); usort($fortunes, function ($left, $right) { return $left->message <=> $right->message; }); $this->loadView('Fortunes/index.php', [ 'fortunes' => $fortunes ]); } }
三、意外的Roda
由于JavaScript使用Node.js的异步机制,使得JS框架出道即巅峰,其它脚本语言只有奋起追赶的份。此次PHP打了一个翻身仗,让JavaScript领先的局面,一下子变得落后一步。
而来自Ruby阵营的变化也让Ruby有了超过JavaScript的实力,Roda的性能在已经是Python性能一倍的基础上再翻一倍,在没有完全使用异步架构的情况下,有如此成绩,让人不禁有所期待。
脚本开发的性能排名也即将从JavaScript>Ruby>Python>>>>>>>>>PHP,变成了PHP>>>Ruby>JavaScript>Python。Python也从感觉良好一下子变成了学渣,没有了存在感。
static_get '/fortunes' do |_| @fortunes = Fortune.all @fortunes << Fortune.new( :id=>0, :message=>'Additional fortune added at request time.' ) @fortunes.sort_by!(&:message) view :fortunes end
附表
C++
Drogon
排名:Drogon(RAW)(CSP):100%
Drogon(MORM)(CSP):81.6%
仓库:https://github.com/an-tao/drogon
Lithium
排名:Lithium(ORM)(RAW): 59.2%
仓库:https://github.com/matt-42/lithium
Rust
Actix-web
排名:Actix(RAW)(HBS): 89.5%
Actix(Diesel)(HBS): 23.6%
仓库:https://github.com/actix/actix-web
May-minihttp
排名:May-minihttp(RAW)(Markup): 70.3%
仓库:https://github.com/Xudong-Huang/may_minihttp
Go
Atreugo
排名:Atreugo(RAW)(QuickT): 53.4%
仓库:https://github.com/savsgio/atreugo
Gofiber
排名:Gofiber(RAW)(QuickT): 44.5%
仓库:https://github.com/gofiber/fiber
iris-go
排名:(未知)
仓库:https://github.com/kataras/iris
Java
Vert.x
排名:Vert.x(RAW)(Rocker): 51.2%
仓库:https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x
Jooby
排名:Jooby(RAW)(Rocker): 46.1%
仓库:https://github.com/jooby-project/jooby
ActFramework
排名:Act(ORM)(Rythm): 28.9%
仓库:https://github.com/actframework/actframework
C#
AspCore
排名:AspCore(RAW)(ASP): 42.1%
AspCore(EF)(ASP): 23.3%
Crystal
Kemal
排名:Kemal(RAW)(ECR):30.8%
仓库:https://github.com/kemalcr/kemal
Kotlin
http4k
排名:http4k(RAW)(PEB):29.9%
仓库:https://github.com/http4k/http4k
PHP
workerman
排名:workerman(RAW)(PHP): 52.0%
kumbiaphp(RAW)(PHP):36.8%
Ubiquity(ORM)(PHP):28.1%
仓库:https://github.com/walkor/workerman
https://github.com/KumbiaPHP/KumbiaPHP
https://github.com/phpMv/ubiquity
swoole
排名:swoole(RAW)(PHP): 41.8%
ubiquity(ORM)(PHP):20.7%
Imi(ORM)(PHP):17.9%
仓库:https://github.com/swoole/swoole-src
https://github.com/phpMv/ubiquity
https://github.com/Yurunsoft/IMI
Laravel
排名:Laravel-swoole(ORM)(PHP): 3.1%
Laravel(ORM)(PHP): 0.8%
仓库:https://github.com/laravel/laravel/
Ruby
Roda
排名:Roda(sequel)(ERB): 7.5%
仓库:https://github.com/jeremyevans/roda
Sinatra
排名:Sinatra(sequel)(Slim): 5.0%
仓库:https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra
JavaScript
Nestjs
排名:Nestjs(ORM)(HBS): 10.0%
仓库:https://github.com/nestjs/nest
Koa
排名:Koa(ORM)(HBS): 6.8%
仓库:https://github.com/koajs/koa
Python
Sanic
排名:Sanic(RAW)(Jinja2): 9.6%
仓库:https://github.com/sanic-org/sanic
Django
排名:Django(ORM)(TMP): 2.2%
仓库:https://github.com/django/django
Flask
排名:Flask(RAW)(Jinja2): 3.4%
Flask(ORM)(Jinja2): 1.5%