• Oracle Dataguard的原理与基本配置


    最近集团在做灾备方案,用于Oracle的高可用性,在不影响主库性能的前提下,我们选择使用DG的"最大性能"模式。
     
    DG是Oracle数据库自带的数据同步功能,其基本原理是将日志文件从主库传输到备库,然后在备库上应用这些日志文件,从而使备库与主库保持同步。
    DataGuard提供了三种日志传输(Redo Transport)方式,分别是ARCH传输、LGWR同步传输和LGWR异步传输。在上述三种日志传输方式的基础上,提供了三种数据保护模式,即最大性能(Maximum Performance Mode)、最大保护(Maximum Protection Mode)和最大可用(Maximum Availability Mode),其中最大保护模式和最大可用模式要求日志传输必须用LGWR同步传输方式,最大性能模式下可用任何一种日志传输方式。
     
    现将Dataguard配置过程给大家做以分享
    1.主库开启归档模式
    2.alter database force logging;
    3.添加standby logfile
    alter database add standby logfile '/data/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby01.log' size 50M;
    alter database add standby logfile '/data/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby02.log' size 50M;
    alter database add standby logfile '/data/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby03.log' size 50M;
     
    4.配置log_archive_config
    alter system set  log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,dgorcl)';
     
    alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl';
    alter system set log_archive_dest_2 ='service=dgorcl async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=dgorcl';
     
    5.编辑主库tnsnames.ora文件,将standby实例加进去
    DGORCL =
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
        (CONNECT_DATA =
          (SERVER = DEDICATED)
          (SERVICE_NAME = dgorcl)
        )
      )
     
    6.编辑主库listener.ora文件,将standby静态注册进去
    # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
    # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
     
    LISTENER =
      (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
        (DESCRIPTION =
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
        )
      )
     
    ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/oracle
     
    SID_LIST_LISTENER =
       (SID_LIST =
         (SID_DESC =
            (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dgorcl)
            (ORACLE_HOME = /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
            (SID_NAME = dgorcl)
         )
       )
     
    7.重启监听
    lsnrctl stop
    lsnrctl start
     
    8.创建standby库密码文件
     cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
    cp orapworcl orapwdgorcl
     
    9.创建standby的初始化参数文件
     cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
    echo DB_NAME=dgorcl>initdgorcl.ora
     
    10.创建standby库相应的目录
    mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgorcl
    mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgorcl/adump
    mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgorcl/dpdump
    mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/dgorcl/pfile
     
    11.创建standby数据文件存放位置
    mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/dgorcl
     
    12.使用standby pfile启动至nomount状态
     
    12.使用rman以auxiliary方式连接standby数据库
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl
    rman target / auxiliary sys@dgorcl
     
    13.rman 创建standby数据库
    run{
    allocate channel c1 type disk;
    allocate channel c2 type disk;
    allocate auxiliary channel stby type disk;
    duplicate target database for standby from active database 
    spfile
    parameter_value_convert 'orcl','dgorcl'
    set db_unique_name='dgorcl'
    set db_file_name_convert='/orcl/','/dgorcl/'
    set control_files='/data/oracle/oradata/dgorcl/dgorcl.ctl'
    set log_archive_max_processes='5'
    set fal_client='dgorcl'
    set fal_server='orcl'
    set standby_file_management='AUTO'
    set log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,dgorcl)'
    set log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl' ;
    }
     
    14.standby库日志恢复开启
    alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
     
    到此已完成Phyical Dataguard的相关配置,并为之后调整DG到ADG,做logical dataguard,做报表查询分担主库压力和实现读写分离做准备。
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/willsun8023/p/5072947.html
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