用法
名词作宾语
Show your passport, please. 请出示护照。
Show your passport, please. 请出示护照。
代词作宾语
She didn't say anything. 她什么也没说。(此处为不定代词)
She didn't say anything. 她什么也没说。(此处为不定代词)
数词作宾语
—How many do you want? — I want two. 你要几个?- 我要两个。
—How much milk do you want? — A bottle. 你要多少牛奶?— 一瓶。
—How many do you want? — I want two. 你要几个?- 我要两个。
—How much milk do you want? — A bottle. 你要多少牛奶?— 一瓶。
名词化的形容词作宾语
They sent the injuredto the hospital.他们把伤员送到医院。
They sent the injuredto the hospital.他们把伤员送到医院。
不定式或ing形式作宾语
They asked to see my passport. 他们要求看我的护照。
I enjoy working with you. 我和你们一道工作很愉快。
They asked to see my passport. 他们要求看我的护照。
I enjoy working with you. 我和你们一道工作很愉快。
从句作宾语
Did you write downwhat he said? 你把他的话写下了没有?
Did you write downwhat he said? 你把他的话写下了没有?
引导词
宾语从句的引导词常常有以下三种:
由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为that,that在口语或非正式文体中可省略;
由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为if或whether;
由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词,即what,when,where等。如:
由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为if或whether;
由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词,即what,when,where等。如:
I think(that)he will come here by train. 我认为他会坐火车来这儿的。
He asked me if / whether I knew his new address. 他问我是否知道他的新地址。
I want to know when you got back home yesterday. 我想知道你昨天什么时候到家的。
He asked me if / whether I knew his new address. 他问我是否知道他的新地址。
I want to know when you got back home yesterday. 我想知道你昨天什么时候到家的。
语序
Can you tell me what he will do tomorrow?
你能告诉我他明天将要做什么吗?
你能告诉我他明天将要做什么吗?
【提示】当疑问词在宾语从句中做主语时,语序不变。如:
Do you know what makes him so excited? 你知道什么事使他如此兴奋吗?
I don’t know what is wrong with him. 我不知道他出什么事了。
Do you know what makes him so excited? 你知道什么事使他如此兴奋吗?
I don’t know what is wrong with him. 我不知道他出什么事了。
时态
主句为一般现在时态,则宾语从句根据实际情况用任意的时态;但主句为一般过去时态时,宾语从句则要用过去的相对应的某种时态。例如:
She tells me that she will come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来。
She told me that she would come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来。
She told me that she would come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来。
【提示】如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实,其谓语动词仍用一般现在时态。如:
Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.
老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。
Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.
老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。
复合宾语
概念:
在英语中,有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整,还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作,这种“宾语+宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语.
例如:
We call him Jack . 我们叫他杰克。
这里him 是宾语, Jack 是宾语补足语They appointed him chairman. 他们任命他为主席. 这里的him是宾语, chairman 是宾语补足语.
双宾语和复合宾语
双宾语和复合宾语的区别
双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。
例如: They gave him a watch. 这里的him 是间接宾语, a watch 是直接宾语, 这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语。
例如: They gave him a watch. 这里的him 是间接宾语, a watch 是直接宾语, 这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语。
复合宾语就是 宾语加宾语补足语。
We call him Jack . 我们叫他杰克。 这里him 是宾语, Jack 是宾语补足语
They appointed him chairman. 他们任命他为主席。 这里的him是宾语, chairman 是宾语补足语。
We call him Jack . 我们叫他杰克。 这里him 是宾语, Jack 是宾语补足语
They appointed him chairman. 他们任命他为主席。 这里的him是宾语, chairman 是宾语补足语。
如何区分双宾语和复合宾语
某些及物动词后面能跟双宾语(即:间接宾语+直接宾语)或复合宾语(即:宾语+宾语补足语),这两种宾语的形式虽然相似,但结构与意义却不同。那么如何区分双宾语和复合宾语呢?
(1)从动词上区分。
一些动词后面常跟双宾语,这类动词有give,show,bring,read,pass,send,lend,tell,ask,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等。例如:
The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老师给他们每人一块橡皮。
一些动词后面常跟复合宾语,这类动词有let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,think,want等。例如:
We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁。
一些动词后面常跟双宾语,这类动词有give,show,bring,read,pass,send,lend,tell,ask,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等。例如:
The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老师给他们每人一块橡皮。
一些动词后面常跟复合宾语,这类动词有let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,think,want等。例如:
We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁。
(2)从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分。
在双宾语中,能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词。而在复合宾语中,能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多,如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)和分词(短语)。例如:
She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.).(双宾语)
We call him Lao Li(n.).(复合宾语)
They must keep their hands behind their backs(介词短语).(复合宾语)
I won’t let you try again(不定式短语).(复合宾语)
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed(过去分词).(复合宾语)
在双宾语中,能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词。而在复合宾语中,能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多,如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)和分词(短语)。例如:
She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.).(双宾语)
We call him Lao Li(n.).(复合宾语)
They must keep their hands behind their backs(介词短语).(复合宾语)
I won’t let you try again(不定式短语).(复合宾语)
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed(过去分词).(复合宾语)
(3)从构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系上区分。
在双宾语中,两个宾语间的关系比较松散,有的句子去掉其中一个宾语,句子仍然成立。双宾语一般表示“为谁(forsb.)或给谁(to sb.)……”,即“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词+直接宾语+for sb.或to sb.”的结构。例如:
Please show me your new book.→Please show your new book to me.请给我看看你的新书。
She bought me some tomatoes.→She bought some tomatoes for me.她给我买了一些西红柿。
宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密,去掉其中一个成分,句子就不能成立或句意不完整。而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”;当不定式(短语)或分词(短语)作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”。例如:
We made Tom monitor.(Tom is monitor.)
We will make our country more beautiful.(Our countrywill be more beautiful.)
You should keep your dog in.(Your dog should be in.)
I found him in Room 201.(He was in Room 201.)
He makes us work ten hours a day.(We work ten hours a day.)
we heard her singing in the room.(She was singing in the room.)
在双宾语中,两个宾语间的关系比较松散,有的句子去掉其中一个宾语,句子仍然成立。双宾语一般表示“为谁(forsb.)或给谁(to sb.)……”,即“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词+直接宾语+for sb.或to sb.”的结构。例如:
Please show me your new book.→Please show your new book to me.请给我看看你的新书。
She bought me some tomatoes.→She bought some tomatoes for me.她给我买了一些西红柿。
宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密,去掉其中一个成分,句子就不能成立或句意不完整。而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”;当不定式(短语)或分词(短语)作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”。例如:
We made Tom monitor.(Tom is monitor.)
We will make our country more beautiful.(Our countrywill be more beautiful.)
You should keep your dog in.(Your dog should be in.)
I found him in Room 201.(He was in Room 201.)
He makes us work ten hours a day.(We work ten hours a day.)
we heard her singing in the room.(She was singing in the room.)