django测试开发，例一个接口的开发逻辑

#django一个接口的开发简单逻辑举例：

1-建表，写入数据

2-接口逻辑，接口逻辑使用CBV，使用类的继承特性，把get方法公共部分写入custom_views，在views继承或重写公共方法，传入变量等，

3-优化接口：使用form对接口的传入的参数进行验证、重写JsonResponse，优化返回参数

4-配置urls（CBV方式），接口调用，

#具体代码

1-  models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class BaseModel(models.Model):
    is_delete_choice = (
        (1,'删除'),
        (0,'正常')
    )
    is_delete = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=is_delete_choice,default=0,verbose_name='是否被删除')
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间',auto_now_add=True)
    updata_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='修改时间',auto_now=True)
    class Meta:
        abstract = True  #只是用来继承，不会创建这个表

class Parameter(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name='参数名称',unique=True)
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name='描述')
    value = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name='参数值')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '全局参数表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        db_table = 'parameter'

2- views接口逻辑

custom_views.py

def model_to_dict(instance, fields=None, exclude=None):
    opts = instance._meta
    data = {}
    for f in chain(opts.concrete_fields, opts.private_fields, opts.many_to_many):
        if fields and f.name not in fields:
            continue
        if exclude and f.name in exclude:
            continue
        value = f.value_from_object(instance)
        if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
            value = value.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
        if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
            value = value.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
        data[f.name] = value
    return data

class BaseView(View):
    model_class = None
    form_class = None

    @property
    def model(self):
        if self.model_class and issubclass(self.model_class,Model):
            return self.model_class
        raise Exception("未定义model_class")

    @property
    def form(self):
        # issubclass 参数1 是不是 参数2的子类
        if self.form_class and issubclass(self.form_class, BaseForm):
            return self.form_class
        raise Exception("未定义form_class")


class GetView(BaseView):

    def get(self, request):
        # get请求时 获取传递过来的第几页数据
        page = request.GET.get('page')
        limit = request.GET.get('limit')
        # filter_dict = self.get_filter_dict()
        # search_dict = self.get_search_dict()
        # search_q = self.get_search_dict_or()
        qs = self.model.objects.filter(is_delete=0)
        page_obj = Paginator(qs, limit)  # page_obj Paginator实例对象
        # 获取第几页的数据
        page_data = page_obj.get_page(page)
        # 用于存储返回的dict类型数据
        data_list = []
        for data in page_data:
            # 通过model_to_dict 转换成dict
            tmp_data = model_to_dict(data)
            data_list.append(tmp_data)
        return NbResponse(data=data_list,count=page_obj.count)



views.Py# Create your views here.
from app9.custom_views import GetView
from . import models


class Parameter(GetView):
    model_class = models.Parameter
    form_class = forms.ParameterForm

3- 接口优化

使用form
from django.http import JsonResponse

class NbResponse(JsonResponse):
    def __init__(self, code=0, msg='操作成功', **kwargs):
        data = {"code": code, "msg": msg}
        data.update(kwargs)
        super().__init__(data=data, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False})


优化response
class ParameterForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Parameter  # 创建类变量和model建立映射关系
        exclude = ['id', 'is_delete', 'update_time', 'create_time']

4-配置urls

子项目urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
# from .views import Parameter
urlpatterns = [

    # cbv
    # path('c_parameter', Parameter.as_view()),
    # 优化代码路由
    # path('s_parameter', SParameter.as_view()),

    path('parameter', views.Parameter.as_view()),

]

主项目urls.py应用子项目
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from app9 import urls

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/', include(urls)),
]