《Thinking in Java》书里的例子,我又稍微修改了下代码:
class Real{ public Real(String index) { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub System.out.println("Real()"+index); } } class Meal{ Real r= new Real("Meal"); Meal() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub System.out.println("Meal()"); } } class Bread{ Bread() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub System.out.println("Bread()"); } } class Cheese{ Cheese() { System.out.println("Cheese()"); } } class Lettuce{ Lettuce() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub System.err.println("Lettuce()"); } } class Lunch extends Meal{ Real r= new Real("Lunch"); Lunch(){ System.out.println("Lunch()"); } } class PortableLunch extends Lunch{ Real r= new Real("PortableLunch"); PortableLunch(){ System.out.println("PortableLunch()"); } } public class Sandwich extends PortableLunch{ Bread b= new Bread(); Cheese c= new Cheese(); Lettuce l= new Lettuce(); Sandwich(){ System.out.println("Sandwich()"); } public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub new Sandwich(); } }
output:
Real()Meal
Meal()
Real()Lunch
Lunch()
Real()PortableLunch
PortableLunch()
Bread()
Cheese()
Lettuce()
Sandwich()
总结:
如果衍生类和基础类都没有static成员,创建衍生类,初始化顺序:一直向上,从根类开始,初始化根类成员,然后根类构造器;然后向下,次根类成员,次根类构造器,以此类推,一直到衍生类本身。
自己摸索的demo:
package com.westward; public class Demo19 extends Animal{ public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println("Demo19.main();"); } } class Animal{ public static Good good= new Good(); } class Good{ public Good() { System.out.println("Good()"); } } /* * 在继承中,如果衍生类有main方法,main方法中并未创建实例,加载顺序也是先加载基础类的static成员。然后衍生类的static成员,然后面方法。 * 一句话,如果需要加载衍生类的类类型,即class,那么无论是创建此类的实例还是调用此衍生类的static方法(包括main方法),都会先去加载基础类,并初始化static成员。 * */
output:
Good()
Demo19.main();