• JdbcTemplate的基本使用


    1、JdbcTemplate的基本介绍

     JdbcTemplate是Spring对JDBC的封装,目的是使JDBC更加易于使用。JdbcTemplate是Spring的一部分。JdbcTemplate处理了资源的建立和释放。他帮助我们避免一些常见的错误,比如忘了总要关闭连接。他运行核心的JDBC工作流,如Statement的建立和执行,而我们只需要提供SQL语句和提取结果。

    Spring为了简化数据库访问,主要做了以下几点工作:

    • 提供了简化的访问JDBC的模板类,不必手动释放资源;
    • 提供了一个统一的DAO类以实现Data Access Object模式;
    • SQLException封装为DataAccessException,这个异常是一个RuntimeException,并且让我们能区分SQL异常的原因,例如,DuplicateKeyException表示违反了一个唯一约束;
    • 能方便地集成Hibernate、JPA和MyBatis这些数据库访问框架。

    2、JdbcTemplate的基本使用

    2.1、新增数据(jdbcTemplate.update)

    先导入以下依赖包。Spring框架的JdbcTemplate在spring-jdbc的jar包中,,除了要导入这个 jar 包外,还需要导入一个 spring-tx的jar包(它是和事务相关的)。当然连接池的jar包也不能忘记,这里使用的是 druid。

    然后在 spring 的 xml 配置文件中配置数据库连接池和 JdbcTemplate,同时我们也开启组件扫描。另外我们可以通过一个  jdbc.properties 配置文件来维护数据库的连接配置。

    下面假设我们操作的是 test 数据库里面的 user 表,表结构如下:

    jdbc.properties 配置文件内容:

    prop.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    prop.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
    prop.username=root
    prop.password=123456

    spring 的 xml 配置文件:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        <!--开启组件扫描-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="test, service, dao"></context:component-scan>
    
        <!--引入外部配置文件-->
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    
        <!--配置数据库连接池-->
        <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
            <property name="driverClassName" value="${prop.driverClass}"></property>  <!--通过${}使用外部配置文件的值-->
            <property name="url" value="${prop.url}"></property>
            <property name="username" value="${prop.username}"></property>
            <property name="password" value="${prop.password}"></property>
        </bean>
    
        <!-- 配置JdbcTmplate -->
        <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <!-- 注入dataSource -->
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
            <!-- <constructor-arg name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>-->  <!-- 也可以用构造函数写法 -->
        </bean>
    </beans>

    新建一个实体类 User :

    package entity;
    
    public class User {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private String password;
    
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
    
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    }

    新建一个 UserServiceImpl 类:

    package service;
    
    import dao.UserDao;
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
        @Autowired
        private UserDao userDao;
    
        @Override
        public void addUser(User user) {
            userDao.addUser(user);
        }
    }

    新建一个 UserDaoImpl 类:

    package dao;
    
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    @Repository
    public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
        //注入JdbcTemplate
         @Autowired
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
        @Override
        public void addUser(User user) {
            //创建SQL语句
            String sql = "insert into user values(?, ?, ?)";
            //调用方法执行SQL
            int updateRow = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, user.getId(), user.getName(), user.getPassword());
            
            System.out.println(updateRow);
        }
    
    }

    验证代码:

    package test;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import entity.User;
    import service.UserService;
    import service.UserServiceImpl;
    
    public class Test01 {
        ApplicationContext ioc = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean01.xml");
        //JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate= ioc.getBean(JdbcTemplate.class);   //我们也可以直接通过获取到的jdbctemplate进行SQL操作,上面使用UserServiceImpl和UserDaoImpl只是为了更符合MVC分层的规范
    
        @Test
        public void test1() {
            User user = new User();
            user.setId(5);
            user.setName("AA");
            user.setPassword("112233");
    
            UserService userService = ioc.getBean(UserServiceImpl.class);
            userService.addUser(user);   //执行增加方法
        }
    }

    执行上面 test1 方法,可以看到输出如下:

     即对一行数据起了作用,可以看到表数据发生了更改:

    2.1.1、批量增加(batchUpdate)

    批量增加可以使用 jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate() 方法,示例如下:

    UserServiceImpl 增加批量增加方法:

    package service;
    
    import dao.UserDao;
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Service
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
        @Autowired
        private UserDao userDao;
    
        @Override
        public void addBath(List<Object[]> userList) {
            userDao.addBath(userList);
        }
    }

    UserDaoImpl 增加批量增加方法:

    package dao;
    
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Repository
    public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
        //注入JdbcTemplate
        @Autowired
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
        @Override
        public void addBath(List<Object[]> userList) {
            String sql = "insert into user values(?, ?, ?)";
            int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, userList);  //batchUpdate方法第二个参数是集合,该集合元素是数组,数组里面的每个值对应着添加到数据库表里面的字段值。该方法返回影响行数数组
    
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ints));
        }
    }

    验证:

    package test;
    
    import entity.User;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    import service.UserService;
    import service.UserServiceImpl;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class TestMain {
        ApplicationContext ioc = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean01.xml");
    
        @Test
        public void test2() {
            List<Object[]> userList = new ArrayList<>();
            Object[] arr1 = {1, "name1", "password1"};
            Object[] arr2 = {2, "name2", "password2"};
            Object[] arr3 = {3, "name3", "password3"};
    
            userList.add(arr1);
            userList.add(arr2);
            userList.add(arr3);
    
            UserService userService = ioc.getBean(UserServiceImpl.class);
            userService.addBath(userList);
        }
    }

    2.2、修改和删除数据(jdbcTemplate.update)

    修改和删除跟上面的新增操作一样,只是SQL语句不同而已。

    UserServiceImpl 增加修改和删除方法:

    package service;
    
    import dao.UserDao;
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
        @Autowired
        private UserDao userDao;
    
        @Override
        public void updateUser(User user) {
            userDao.updateUser(user);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void deleteUser(int userId) {
            userDao.deleteUser(userId);
        }
    }

    UserDaoImpl 增加修改删除方法:

    package dao;
    
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    @Repository
    public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
        //注入JdbcTemplate
         @Autowired
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
        @Override
        public void updateUser(User user) {
            String sql = "update user set name=?, password=? where id=?";
            int updateRow = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, user.getName(), user.getPassword(), user.getId());
            System.out.println(updateRow);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void deleteUser(int userId) {
            String sql = "delete from user where id=?";
            int updateRow = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, userId);
            System.out.println(updateRow);
        }
    
    }

    验证代码:

    package test;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;import entity.User;
    import service.UserService;
    import service.UserServiceImpl;public class Test01 {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean01.xml");
    
        //修改操作
        @Test
        public void test1() {
            User user = new User();
            user.setId(2);
            user.setName("AA");
            user.setPassword("112233");
    
            UserService userService = applicationContext.getBean(UserServiceImpl.class);
            userService.updateUser(user);
        }
    
        //删除操作
        @Test
        public void test2() {
            UserService userService = applicationContext.getBean(UserServiceImpl.class);
            userService.deleteUser(5);
        }
    }

    2.2.1、批量修改和删除(batchUpdate)

    批量修改和批量删除都可以使用 jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate() 方法,示例如下:

    UserServiceImpl 增加批量修改和删除方法:

    package service;
    
    import dao.UserDao;
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Service
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
        @Autowired
        private UserDao userDao;
    
        //批量修改
        @Override
        public void updateBatch(List<Object[]> listArg) {
            userDao.updateBatch(listArg);
        }
    
        //批量删除
        @Override
        public void deleteBath(List<Object[]> listArg) {
            userDao.deleteBath(listArg);
        }
    }

    UserDaoImpl 增加批量修改和删除方法:

    package dao;
    
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Repository
    public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
        //注入JdbcTemplate
        @Autowired
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
        //批量修改
        @Override
        public void updateBatch(List<Object[]> listArg) {
            String sql = "update user set name=?, password=? where id=?";
            int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, listArg);
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ints));
        }
    
        //批量删除
        @Override
        public void deleteBath(List<Object[]> listArg) {
            String sql = "delete from user where id=?";
            int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, listArg);
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ints));
        }
    }

    验证:

    package test;
    
    import entity.User;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    import service.UserService;
    import service.UserServiceImpl;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class TestMain {
        ApplicationContext ioc = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean01.xml");
    
        //批量修改
        @Test
        public void test3() {
            List<Object[]> userList = new ArrayList<>();
            Object[] arr1 = {"name1changed", "password1", 1};
            Object[] arr2 = {"name2changed", "password2", 2};
            Object[] arr3 = {"name3changed", "password3", 3};
    
            userList.add(arr1);
            userList.add(arr2);
            userList.add(arr3);
    
            UserService userService = ioc.getBean(UserServiceImpl.class);
            userService.updateBatch(userList);
        }
    
        //批量删除
        @Test
        public void test4() {
            List<Object[]> userList = new ArrayList<>();
            Object[] arr1 = {6};
            Object[] arr2 = {7};
    
            userList.add(arr1);
            userList.add(arr2);
    
            UserService userService = ioc.getBean(UserServiceImpl.class);
            userService.deleteBath(userList);
        }
    
    }

    2.3、查询数据

    2.3.1、查询返回某个值(queryForObject)

    比如查询 user 表内数据总数:

    package service;
    
    import dao.UserDao;
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
        @Autowired
        private UserDao userDao;
    
        @Override
        public int getUserCount() {
            return userDao.getUserCount();
        }
    }

    UserDaoImpl 代码:

    package dao;
    
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    @Repository
    public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
        //注入JdbcTemplate
         @Autowired
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
        @Override
        public int getUserCount() {
            String sql = "select count(*) from user";
            int userCount = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, int.class);  //第二个参数是返回类型的class
            return userCount;
        }
    
    }

    验证:

    package test;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    import entity.User;
    import service.UserService;
    import service.UserServiceImpl;
    
    public class Test01 {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean01.xml");
    
        //查询数量
        @Test
        public void test4() {
            UserService userService = applicationContext.getBean(UserServiceImpl.class);
            int userCount = userService.getUserCount();
            System.out.println(userCount);   //将输出user表内数据总数
        }
    }

    2.3.2、查询返回对象(queryForObject)

    比如查询 user 表内某一条数据,然后我们可以将该数据封装成一个 User 对象:

    package service;
    
    import dao.UserDao;
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
        @Autowired
        private UserDao userDao;
    
        @Override
        public User getUserInfo(int userId) {
            return userDao.getUserInfo(userId);
        }
    }

    UserDaoImpl 代码:

    package dao;
    
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    @Repository
    public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
        //注入JdbcTemplate
         @Autowired
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
        @Override
        public User getUserInfo(int userId) {
            String sql = "select * from user where id=?";
            // rowMapper 是一个接口,可以使用这个接口里面的实现类完成数据的封装,规定每一行记录和JavaBean的属性如何映射
            User user = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(User.class), userId);
            return user;
        }
    
    }

    验证:

    package test;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    import entity.User;
    import service.UserService;
    import service.UserServiceImpl;
    
    public class Test01 {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean01.xml");
    
        @Test
        public void test3() {
            UserService userService = applicationContext.getBean(UserServiceImpl.class);
            User user = userService.getUserInfo(2);
            System.out.println(user.getName());
        }
    }

    2.3.2、查询返回集合(query

    比如查询 user 表内的所有数据,并且将数据都封装成 User 对象:

    package service;
    
    import dao.UserDao;
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Service
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
        @Autowired
        private UserDao userDao;
    
        @Override
        public List<User> getAllUser() {
            return userDao.getAllUser();
        }
    }

    UserDaoImpl 代码:

    package dao;
    
    import entity.User;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Repository
    public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
        //注入JdbcTemplate
         @Autowired
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
        @Override
        public List<User> getAllUser() {
            String sql = "select * from user";
            List<User> userList = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(User.class));
            return userList;
        }
    
    }

    验证:

    package test;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    import entity.User;
    import service.UserService;
    import service.UserServiceImpl;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class Test01 {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean01.xml");
    
        //查询全部数据
        @Test
        public void test5() {
            UserService userService = applicationContext.getBean(UserServiceImpl.class);
            List<User> userList = userService.getAllUser();
            for (User user: userList) {
                System.out.println(user.getName());
            }
        }
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wenxuehai/p/14716372.html
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