• Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server


    这算是一篇读书笔记,留着以后复习看看。

    Web Server又称为Http Server,因为它使用HTTP协议和客户端(一般是各种各样的浏览器)进行通信。

    什么是HTTP协议呢?

    HTTP协议是基于有状态的TCP协议(默认的的TCP端口是80),最早版本的HTTP协议是HTTP/0.9,然后被HTTP/1.0代替了,代替HTTP/1.0的是现在使用的HTTP/1.1,详细介绍可以看RFC(请求注释)文档:http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP/1.1/rfc2616.pdf。在HTTP协议中,总是客户端发起一个请求,服务器端是不会向客户端发起请求的。不管是客户端还是服务器端,都可以随时结束请求。

    一个HTTP请求是由3部分组成的,请求行+请求头+请求实体,如下面这样

    POST /examples/default.jsp HTTP/1.1
    Host: localhost
    Connection: Keep-Alive
    Content-Length: 33
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    
    lastName=Franks&firstName=Michael

    NOTE:请求头和请求实体之间要有一个空行(如果不包含请求实体,那么请求头结束后也要有一个空行),并且请求实体结束了要有一个空行。这样就是一个合法的HTTP请求了。

    NOTE:一个合法的HTTP请求,应该可以没有请求实体,但是请求行和请求头(猜想这个请求头Connection: 是必须的)是不可以少的。

    下面用一个例子,通过手动构造HTTP请求,请求baidu服务器端

    /**
     * Created by user on 14-1-11.
     */
    public class TestSocket1 {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            //建立连接
            Socket socket = new Socket("www.baidu.com", 80);
            InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
            OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
            
            //发送请求
    //        //发送请求 方法1
    //        boolean autoFlush = true;
    //        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os, autoFlush);
    //        pw.println("GET / HTTP/1.1");
    //        pw.println("Host: www.baidu.com");
    //        pw.println("Connection: Close");
    //        //NOTE: 即使没有请求体,请求头后面的回车换行也是不可以少的
    //        pw.println();
            //发送请求 方法2
            String CRLF = "
    ";
            StringBuffer requestSb = new StringBuffer();
            requestSb.append("GET / HTTP/1.1").append(CRLF)
                     .append("Host: www.baidu.com").append(CRLF)
                     .append("Connection: Close").append(CRLF)
                     .append(CRLF);
            os.write(requestSb.toString().getBytes());
            os.flush();
    /*        
          //发送请求 方法3 : 测试,请求头是必须的,请求行也是必须的(至少要有Connection: ) 
          String CRLF = "
    ";
          StringBuffer requestSb = new StringBuffer();
          requestSb.append("GET / HTTP/1.1").append(CRLF)
    //               .append("Host: www.baidu.com").append(CRLF)
                   .append("Connection: Close").append(CRLF)
                   .append(CRLF);
          os.write(requestSb.toString().getBytes());
          os.flush();
    */        
            //读取响应
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(1024 * 8);
            boolean loop = true;
            while(loop) {
                if(br.ready()) {
                    int i = 0;
                    while(i != -1) {
                        i = br.read();
                        sb.append((char)i);
                    }
                    loop = false;
                }
            }
            System.out.println(sb.toString());
            socket.close();
        }
    }

    结果如下:

    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Date: Sat, 11 Jan 2014 00:11:08 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Transfer-Encoding: chunked
    Connection: Close
    Vary: Accept-Encoding
    Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=E89438B4C3C8B9A5D360DA8EF0F30A79:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
    Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/
    Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=4848_4820_4787_1446_4261_4989_4897_4760_4883_4678; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
    P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
    Expires: Sat, 11 Jan 2014 00:10:20 GMT
    Cache-Control: private
    Server: BWS/1.1
    BDPAGETYPE: 1
    BDQID: 0x9626313d91064e78
    BDUSERID: 0
    
    3d94
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ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'homepage','pos':0})">把百度设为主页</a><a id="setf" href="http://www.baidu.com/cache/sethelp/index.html" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'favorites','pos':0})" target="_blank">把百度设为主页</a><span id="sekj"><a href="http://anquan.baidu.com/?wenzilian" target="_blank" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'bdbrwlk','pos':1})">安装百度卫士</a></span></p><p id="lh"><a href="http://e.baidu.com/?refer=888" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'btlink','pos':2})">加入百度推广</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'tj_bang'})" href="http://top.baidu.com">搜索风云榜</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'tj_about'})" href="http://home.baidu.com">关于百度</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'tj_about_en'})" href="http://ir.baidu.com">About Baidu</a></p><p id="cp">&copy;2014&nbsp;Baidu&nbsp;<a href="/duty/" name="tj_duty">使用百度前必读</a>&nbsp;京ICP证030173号&nbsp;<img 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    模仿how tomcat works第一章写的程序,地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/hx888/6836501

    运行效果

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wenwujuncheng/p/3514700.html
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