• 好用的shell命令行: fish的配置


    fish的可视化配置命令:

    $ fish_config

    fish 很好的资源列表:

    https://github.com/JorgeBucaran/awesome-fish

    其配置文件夹为 ~/.config/fish。

    1、要设置环境变量,在配置文件夹里新建 config.fish 文件,它会作为fish 启动时的加载文件,相当与bash的.bashrc,然后在里面配置环境变量,其环境变量配置方法与bash不同,格式如下:

    # There are three kinds of variables in fish: universal, global and local variables. 
    # Universal variables are shared between all fish sessions a user is running on one computer. 
    # Global variables are specific to the current fish session, but are not associated with any 
    #   specific block scope, and will never be erased unless the user explicitly requests it using set -e. 
    # Local variables are specific to the current fish session, and associated with a specific block of 
    #   commands, and is automatically erased when a specific block goes out of scope. 
    # A block of commands is a series of commands that begins with one of the commands for, while , if, function, 
    #   begin or switch, and ends with the command end. 
    # The user can specify that a variable should have either global or local scope using the -g/--global or -l/--local switches.
    
    # Variables can be explicitly set to be universal with the -U or --universal switch, 
    # global with the -g or --global switch, or local with the -l or --local switch.
    
    set -x JAVA_HOME /home/hzh/hzh/soft/jdk
    set -x JRE_HOME {$JAVA_HOME}/jre
    # 按照bash风格用:来分割多个值,但在fish中PATH不能用:来分割,必须用空格分割 set
    -x CLASSPATH .:{$JAVA_HOME}/lib:{$JRE_HOME}/lib set -x PATH {$JAVA_HOME}/bin {$PATH} set -x ANDROID_HOME /home/zhou/android/android_adt/sdk set -x PATH {$PATH} {$ANDROID_HOME}/build-tools/22.0.1 set -x PATH {$PATH} {$ANDROID_HOME}/platform-tools set -x PATH {$PATH} {$ANDROID_HOME}/tools set -x NDK_HOME /home/zhou/android/android_adt/ndk set -x PATH {$PATH} {$NDK_HOME} set -x PATH {$PATH} /home/zhou/android/android_adt/eclipse set -x GRADLE_HOME /home/hzh/hzh/soft/gradle set -x PATH {$PATH} {$GRADLE_HOME}/bin
    # 设置局部变量,必须用空格分割name及value,不能象bash那样用=来赋值 set
    -l MAVEN_HOME '/home/hzh/hzh/soft/maven' set -x PATH {$PATH} {$MAVEN_HOME}/bin set -x CATALINA_HOME /home/hzh/hzh/soft/tomcat

    2、若要定义alias,但fish里没有alias这个说法,因此官方介绍用function来替代alias。具体是这样的,在配置文件夹里( ~/.config/fish/ )新建一个名为functions的文件夹(建完之后 ~/.config/fish/functions),此文件夹里存放你所定义的function,function名就是文件名,后缀为.fish, 在fish启动的时候,所有位于functions文件夹里的以后缀.fish结尾的函数都会被自动加载,这样就定义了一个alias。如:

    functions/meld.fish:

    function meld --description 'compare files'
      /usr/bin/meld 1>/dev/null 2>&1 $argv
    end

    每个函数都必须带参数 $argv,这是shell传过来的参数。

    上面的说法有误,fish有alias的,放到 config.fish 里,但是它也等价于函数,无法这后台运行:

    # 下面这句可以后台运行,因为 xdg-open 本身就是后台运行的程序
    alias hopen 'xdg-open 2>/dev/null'

    3、有别与bash的`键,fish里采用括号来完成命令执行的功能:

    在bash中,使用 ls `which ls` 可以显示 /bin/ls。 而在fish中,使用 ls (which ls) 可以显示 /bin/ls。 用 echo a(data)则输出: a2016年 09月 23日 星期五 15:49:18 CST。

    4、bash中的ctrl+r的搜索历史命令的功能(不断按ctrl+r可以继续搜索),在fish中已经得到了很好的解决,你只需要键入你想搜索的历史命令中的某写字母,再按ctrl+p就能不断搜索历史命令。

    5、fish的function不能运行在后台,即加 & 没什么用。

    6、fish的prompt, 在functions目录加入文件 fish_prompt.fish ,其内容为:

    # 其中的 (hostname) (prompt_pwd) 为shell命令, $USER 为环境变量, __fish_prompt_hostname 为临时变量
    function
    fish_prompt if not set -q __fish_prompt_hostname set -g __fish_prompt_hostname (hostname) end set_color -o cyan echo -n -s "$USER" @ "$__fish_prompt_hostname" ": " set_color -o green echo -n (prompt_pwd)
    # 也可以用这个: echo -n ' $ '
    echo -n " $ " set_color normal end

    7、去掉欢迎信息(greeting message), 在fishd.* 文件中,替换SET fish_greeting:*** SET fish_greeting:  注意冒号。(如下文件只修改有注释的地方就可以了)

    # This file is automatically generated by the fish.
    # Do NOT edit it directly, your changes will be overwritten.
    SET __fish_init_1_50_0:x1d
    SET fish_color_autosuggestion:555x1eyellow
    # SET fish_color_command:005fd7x1epurple SET fish_color_command:ffff00x1epurplex1e--bold SET fish_color_comment:red SET fish_color_cwd:green SET fish_color_cwd_root:red SET fish_color_error:redx1ex2dx2dbold SET fish_color_escape:cyan SET fish_color_history_current:cyan SET fish_color_match:cyan SET fish_color_normal:normal SET fish_color_operator:cyan # SET fish_color_param:00afffx1ecyan
    SET fish_color_param:00ff00x1ecyanx1e--bold SET fish_color_quote:brown SET fish_color_redirection:normal SET fish_color_search_match:x2dx2dbackgroundx3dpurple SET fish_color_selection:x2dx2dbackgroundx3dpurple SET fish_color_valid_path:x2dx2dunderline # SET fish_greeting:Welcomex20tox20fishx2cx20thex20friendlyx20interactivex20shellx0aTypex20x1bx5b32mhelpx1bx5b30mx1bx28Bx1bx5bmx20forx20instructionsx20onx20howx20tox20usex20fish SET fish_greeting: SET fish_key_bindings:fish_default_key_bindings SET fish_pager_color_completion:normal SET fish_pager_color_description:
    555x1eyellow SET fish_pager_color_prefix:cyan SET fish_pager_color_progress:cyan

    8、fish种的 x1e 是什么,其实就一个分隔符,它的定义为:

    /** Character for separating two array elements. We use 30, i.e. the ascii record separator since that seems logical. */
    #define ARRAY_SEP 0x1e
    
    /** String containing the character for separating two array elements */
    #define ARRAY_SEP_STR L"x1e"

    测试结果:

        # 数组 [a] [b]
    $ set aaa (printf 'ax1eb') $ count $aaa 2
        # 数组 [ax1fb]
    $ set aaa (printf 'ax1fb') $ count $aaa 1

    很明显,它是一个数组的分隔符.

    ubuntu下fish shell设置 256 color:

    首先运行:

    1. tput colors   -This will report how many colors your terminal is using.
    2. echo $TERM   -This will tell you what terminal you are using.
    3. echo $COLORTERM  -If you are using a gnome you should see gnome-terminal.

    确保使用的是 xterm。

    在终端点击菜单  编辑-》配置文件首选项, 再点“命令”tab, 然后勾选上“运行自定义命令而不是shell”,在里面敲入:  env TERM=xterm-256color /usr/bin/fish    

    fish shell 的命令行语法:

    Fish 的语法非常自然,一眼就能看懂。

    if语句:

    if grep fish /etc/shells
        echo Found fish
    else if grep bash /etc/shells
        echo Found bash
    else
        echo Got nothing
    end

    switch语句:

    switch (uname)
    case Linux
        echo Hi Tux!
    case Darwin
        echo Hi Hexley!
    case FreeBSD NetBSD DragonFly
        echo Hi Beastie!
    case '*'
        echo Hi, stranger!
    end

    while循环:

    while true
        echo "Loop forever"
    end

    for循环:

    for file in *.txt
        cp $file $file.bak
    end

    fish 的函数

    Fish 的函数用来封装命令,或者为现有的命令起别名,可在配置文件夹里定义函数文件(文件名必须是函数名),或者在命令行直接定义函数:

    function llss
        ls -lhG $argv
    end

    上面代码定义了一个llss函数。命令行执行这个函数以后,就可以用llss命令替代ls -lhG。其中,变量$argv表示函数的参数,每个定义的函数都必须带这个参数,由fish负责参数值的传递。

    下面是另一个例子:

    function ls
        command ls -hG $argv
    end

    上面的代码重新定义ls命令。注意,函数体内的ls之前,要加上command,否则会因为无限循环而报错。

    下面是我自己写的一个较完整的fish函数示例:

    function testecho
        echo $argv[1]
        # $status 使用一次就会被清空,所有暂存它
        set result $status
        if [ 0 -eq $result ]
            echo command execute success
        else 
            echo $result
            echo command execute failed
            return
        end
    
      # 下面的命令执行结果不为0,即执行不成功 SOME_ERROR_COMMAND set result $status
    if [ 0 -eq $result ] echo command execute success else echo $result echo command execute failed return end sleep 1 echo $argv[2] end

    fish 中对argv参数进行interate:

    function sss
        for a in $argv
            set aa (math "$a+1")
            myecho $a $aa
        end
        echo ""
        for a in $argv[1..-1]
            myecho $a $a+1
        end
    end

    其中 myecho 为:

    function myecho
        echo $argv[1] $argv[2]
    end

    对于单引号和双引号的使用请参照如下示例:

    $ A=B C
    $ echo '"$A"'        # 最外面的是单引号, 输出结果:    "$A"
    $ echo "'$A'"        # 最外面的是双引号, 输出结果:    'B C'
    function vote_eosnameswaps      --description 'vote each account of eosnameswaps'
        echo "begin ..."
        echo ""
    
        set CLEOS /home/hzh/github/eos_build/programs/cleos/cleos
    
        for each_voter in $argv[1..-1]
            echo $each_voter
            ./cleos -v -u http://api.eosnewyork.io push action eosnameswaps vote '[ "p.eos","'$each_voter'" ]' -p $each_voter@active
            sleep 1
        end
    
        echo ""
        echo "finished"
    end

    fish shell 读取文本文件然后将头尾的空字符去掉,替换中间所有2个及2个以上的连续空字符为一个空格,然后在分割成可以单独使用的元素:

    function read-file-trim-split
        for line in (cat /tmp/hzh)
            set all "$all $line"
        end
        set all (string trim $all)
        set all (string replace -ar "\s{2,}" " " $all)
        set all (string split " " $all)
        echo $all
        for word in $all
            echo $word
        end
    end

    fish shell 中的比较和数学运算:

    function go
        set d 66
        while true
            set d (math "$d * 1.1 + 0.003")
            if math "$d > 117"
                break
            end
            echo $d
        end
    end

    fish 中的字符串比较,参数iterate,  switch等:

    function rm     --description 'vote each account of eosnameswaps'
        if test (count $argv) -lt 1
            return 0
        end
    
    #    for a in $argv[1..-1]
    #        if test $a = "."
    #            echo "no"
    #            return 1
    #        end
    #    end
    
        for i in (seq (count $argv))
            if test $argv[$i] = "."
                echo "do not delete ./"
                return 1
            end
            if test $argv[$i] = "./"
                echo "do not delete ./"
                return 1
            end
    
            switch $argv[$i]
            case "*..*"
                echo "do not delete ../ or ../../ or ../file   etc."
                return 1
            case "-*"
                set argv[$i] ""
            end
        end
    
    #        if test (count $argv) -lt 2 -o "$argv[1]" = "--help"
    #            echo ""
    #        end
    
        echo "move it/them to trash."
        gio trash $argv
    end
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/welhzh/p/5899875.html
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