- RESTful 规范
- django rest framework 之 认证(一)
- django rest framework 之 权限(二)
- django rest framework 之 节流(三)
- django rest framework 之 版本(四)
- django rest framework 之 解析器(五)
- django rest framework 之 序列化(六)
- django rest framework 之 分页(七)
- django rest framework 之 视图(八)
一、前言
在前端向后台发送form表单或者ajax数据的时候,django的content_type会拿到请求头中的Content-Type属性然后根据值进行解析。
将request.data中的值放到request.POST中需要满足两个条件
- 请求头要求:
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
PS: 如果请求头中的 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded,request.POST中才有值(去request.body中解析数据)。 - 数据格式要求:
name=weilan&age=18&gender=男
1、表单提交
form表单提交时会自动的将请求头中的Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded,数据也会自动转换为?parser=xxx&parser2=xxx的格式
<form action="/api/parser/" method="post">
<input type="text" name="parser"/>
<input type="text" name="parser2"/>
<input type="submit"/>
</form>>
2、ajax提交
默认的请求头中Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
$.ajax({
url:...
type:POST,
data:{name:alex,age=18} # 内部转化 name=weilan&age=18&gender=男
})
情况一:
$.ajax({
url:...
type:POST,
headers:{'Content-Type':"application/json"}
data:{name:weilan,age=18} # 内部转化 name=weilan&age=18&gender=男
})
# body有值;POST无
情况二:
$.ajax({
url:...
type:POST,
headers:{'Content-Type':"application/json"}
data:JSON.stringfy({name:weilan,age=18}) # {name:weilan,age:18...} # 不在做内部转换,而是传递字符串
})
# body有值;POST无
# 这种情况下request.body有值, 需要字节类型转换成字符串类型。
# json.loads(request.body)
二、实例
1、仅处理请求头content-type为application/json的请求体
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
class TestView(APIView):
parser_classes = [JSONParser, ] # 解析类
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print(request.content_type)
# 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理
print(request.data)
# application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值
print(request.POST)
print(request.FILES)
return Response('POST请求,响应内容')
2、仅处理请求头content-type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded 的请求体
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.parsers import FormParser
class TestView(APIView):
parser_classes = [FormParser, ]
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print(request.content_type)
# 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理
print(request.data)
# application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值
print(request.POST)
print(request.FILES)
return Response('POST请求,响应内容')
views.py
3、 仅处理请求头content-type为multipart/form-data的请求体
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.parsers import MultiPartParser
class TestView(APIView):
parser_classes = [MultiPartParser, ]
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print(request.content_type)
# 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理
print(request.data)
# application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值
print(request.POST)
print(request.FILES)
return Response('POST请求,响应内容')
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="file" name="img">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
upload.html
4、仅上传文件
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.parsers import FileUploadParser
class TestView(APIView):
parser_classes = [FileUploadParser, ]
def post(self, request, filename, *args, **kwargs):
print(filename)
print(request.content_type)
# 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理
print(request.data)
# application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值
print(request.POST)
print(request.FILES)
return Response('POST请求,响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')
views.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/f1.numbers" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="file" name="img">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
upload.html
6、 同时多个Parser
当同时使用多个parser时,rest framework会根据请求头content-type自动进行比对,并使用对应parser
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser
class TestView(APIView):
parser_classes = [JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser, ]
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print(request.content_type)
# 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理
print(request.data)
# application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值
print(request.POST)
print(request.FILES)
return Response('POST请求,响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')
views.py
5、全局配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES':[
'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser'
'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser'
'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser'
]
}
settings.py