term用法
先看看term的定义，term是代表完全匹配，也就是精确查询，搜索前不会再对搜索词进行分词拆解。
这里通过例子来说明，先存放一些数据：
{ "title": "love China", "content": "people very love China", "tags": ["China", "love"] } { "title": "love HuBei", "content": "people very love HuBei", "tags": ["HuBei", "love"] }
来使用term 查询下：
{ "query": { "term": { "title": "love" } } }
结果是，上面的两条数据都能查询到：
{ "took": 1, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 2, "max_score": 0.6931472, "hits": [ { "_index": "test", "_type": "doc", "_id": "8", "_score": 0.6931472, "_source": { "title": "love HuBei", "content": "people very love HuBei", "tags": ["HuBei","love"] } }, { "_index": "test", "_type": "doc", "_id": "7", "_score": 0.6931472, "_source": { "title": "love China", "content": "people very love China", "tags": ["China","love"] } } ] } }
发现，title里有关love的关键字都查出来了，但是我只想精确匹配 love China这个，按照下面的写法看看能不能查出来：
{ "query": { "term": { "title": "love China" } } }
执行发现无数据，从概念上看，term属于精确匹配，只能查单个词。我想用term匹配多个词怎么做？可以使用terms来：
{ "query": { "terms": { "title": ["love", "China"] } } }
查询结果为：
{ "took": 1, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 2, "max_score": 0.6931472, "hits": [ { "_index": "test", "_type": "doc", "_id": "8", "_score": 0.6931472, "_source": { "title": "love HuBei", "content": "people very love HuBei", "tags": ["HuBei","love"] } }, { "_index": "test", "_type": "doc", "_id": "7", "_score": 0.6931472, "_source": { "title": "love China", "content": "people very love China", "tags": ["China","love"] } } ] } }
发现全部查询出来，为什么？因为terms里的[ ] 多个是或者的关系，只要满足其中一个词就可以。想要通知满足两个词的话，就得使用bool的must来做，如下：
{ "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "term": { "title": "love" } }, { "term": { "title": "china" } } ] } } }
可以看到，我们上面使用
china是小写的。当使用的是大写的China 我们进行搜索的时候，发现搜不到任何信息。这是为什么了？title这个词在进行存储的时候，进行了分词处理。我们这里使用的是默认的分词处理器进行了分词处理。我们可以看看如何进行分词处理的？分词处理器
GET test/_analyze { "text" : "love China" }
结果为：
{ "tokens": [ { "token": "love", "start_offset": 0, "end_offset": 4, "type": "<ALPHANUM>", "position": 0 }, { "token": "china", "start_offset": 5, "end_offset": 10, "type": "<ALPHANUM>", "position": 1 } ] }
分析出来的为love和china的两个词。而term只能完完整整的匹配上面的词，不做任何改变的匹配。所以，我们使用China这样的方式进行的查询的时候，就会失败。稍后会有一节专门讲解分词器。
match 用法
先用 love China来匹配。
GET test/doc/_search { "query": { "match": { "title": "love China" } } }
结果是：
{ "took": 1, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 2, "max_score": 1.3862944, "hits": [ { "_index": "test", "_type": "doc", "_id": "7", "_score": 1.3862944, "_source": { "title": "love China", "content": "people very love China", "tags": [ "China", "love" ] } }, { "_index": "test", "_type": "doc", "_id": "8", "_score": 0.6931472, "_source": { "title": "love HuBei", "content": "people very love HuBei", "tags": [ "HuBei", "love" ] } } ] } }
发现两个都查出来了，为什么？因为match进行搜索的时候，会先进行分词拆分，拆完后，再来匹配，上面两个内容，他们title的词条为： love china hubei ，我们搜索的为love China 我们进行分词处理得到为love china ，并且属于或的关系，只要任何一个词条在里面就能匹配到。如果想 love 和 China 同时匹配到的话，怎么做？使用 match_phrase
match_phrase 用法
match_phrase 称为短语搜索，要求所有的分词必须同时出现在文档中，同时位置必须紧邻一致。
GET test/doc/_search { "query": { "match_phrase": { "title": "love china" } } }
结果为：
{ "took": 5, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 5, "successful": 5, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 1, "max_score": 1.3862944, "hits": [ { "_index": "test", "_type": "doc", "_id": "7", "_score": 1.3862944, "_source": { "title": "love China", "content": "people very love China", "tags": [ "China", "love" ] } } ] } }