一、Array 、Array Buffer
1、Array
在Scala中,Array代表的含义与Java中类似,也是长度不可改变的数组。
此外,由于Scala与Java都是运行在JVM中,双方可以互相调用,因此Scala数组的底层实际上是Java数组。例如字符串数组在底层就是Java的String[],
整数数组在底层就是JaVa的Int[]。
数组初始化后,长度就固定下来了,而且元素全部根据其类型初始化:
val a=new Array[Int](10)
val a=new Array[String](10)
可以直接使用Array()创建数组,元素类型自动推断:
val a=Array("hello","world")
a(0)= "hi"
######
scala> val a = new Array[Int](10)
a: Array[Int] = Array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
scala> a(0) = 1 #scala 用() 访问元素
scala> a
res57: Array[Int] = Array(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
scala> a(1)
res58: Int = 0
######
scala> val a = new Array[String](10)
a: Array[String] = Array(null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null)
scala> a(1)
res60: String = null
scala> a(1) = "leo"
scala> a(1)
res62: String = leo
######
scala> val a = Array("hello", "word")
a: Array[String] = Array(hello, word)
scala> a
res63: Array[String] = Array(hello, word)
scala> a(0) = "Hi"
scala> a
res66: Array[String] = Array(Hi, word)
######
scala> val a = Array("leo", 30)
a: Array[Any] = Array(leo, 30) #自动类型推断
scala> a.length
res67: Int = 2
2、Array Buffer
在Scala中,如果需要类似于Java中的ArrayList这种长度可变的集合类,则可以使用ArrayBuffer。
//如果不想每次都使用全限定名,则可以预先导入ArrayBuffer类
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
//使用ArrayBufer()的方式可以创建一个空的ArrayBuffer
val b=ArrayBuffertlnty()
//使用+=操作符,可以添加一个元素,或者多个元素
b += 1
b +=(2,3,4,5)
/使用++=操作符,可以添加其他集合中的所有元素
b ++= Array(6,7,8,9,10)
//使用trimEnd()函数,可以从尾部截断指定个数的元素
b.trimEnd(5)
######
scala> import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
scala> val b = ArrayBuffer[Int]()
b: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer()
scala> b += 1 #scala特有语法,往数组中加元素
res68: b.type = ArrayBuffer(1)
scala> b += (2,3,4,5)
res69: b.type = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
scala> b ++= Array(6,7,8,9,10)
res70: b.type = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
scala> b.trimEnd(5)
scala> b
res72: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
######
/使用insert()函数可以在指定位置插入元素;
/但是这种操作效率很低,因为需要移动指定位置后的所有元素
b.insert(5,6)
b.insert(6,7,8,9,10)
/使用remove()函数可以移除指定位置的元素
b.remove(1)
b.remove(1,3)
//Array与ArrayBuffer可以互相进行转换
b.toArray
a.toBuffer
######
scala> b
res73: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
scala> b.insert(5,6)
scala> b
res75: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
scala> b.insert
insert insertAll
scala> b.insert(6,7,8,9,10)
scala> b
res77: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
scala> b.remove(1)
res78: Int = 2
scala> b
res79: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
scala> b.remove(1,3)
scala> b
res81: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
scala> var bArray = b.toArray
bArray: Array[Int] = Array(1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
scala> var aArrayBuffer = a.toBuffer
aArrayBuffer: scala.collection.mutable.Buffer[Any] = ArrayBuffer(leo, 30)
3、遍历Array ArrayBuffer
//使用for循环和until遍历Array/ArrayBufer /使until是Richlnt提供的函数 for(i<-0 until b.length) printin(b(i)) //跳跃遍历Array/ArrayBuffer for(i <- 0 until(b.length,2)) printin(b(i) //从尾部遍历Array/ArrayBuffer for(i<-(0 until b.length).reverse) printin(bi)) /使用“增强for循环”遍历Array/ArrayBuffer for(e <- b) printin(e) ###### scala> for (i <- 0 until b.length) println(b(i)) 1 6 7 8 9 10 scala> for (i <- 0 until (b.length, 2)) println(b(i)) #指定步长 1 7 9 scala> for (i <- (0 until b.length).reverse) println(b(i)) #反转 10 9 8 7 6 1 scala> for(e <- b) println(e) #增强for 1 6 7 8 9 10
4、数组常见操作
/数组元素求和 val a=Array(1,2,3,4,5) val sum=a.sum /获取数组最大值 val max=a.max /对数组进行排序 scala.util.Sorting.quickSort(a) /获取数组中所有元素内容 a.mkString a.mkString(",") #指定分隔符 a.mkString("<",",",">") //toString函数 a.toString b.toString
二、数组转换
1、使用yield和函数式编程转换数组
//对Array进行转换,获取的还是Array val a=Array(1,2,3,4,5) val a2=for(ele <- a)yield ele * ele //对ArayBuffer进行转换,获取的还是ArrayBuffer val b=ArrayBuffer[In]() b +=(1,2,3,4,5) val b2=for(ele <-b)yield ele * ele /结合if守卫,仅转换需要的元素 val a3 = for(ele <- if ele % 2 == 0)yield ele * ele /使用函数式编程转换数组(通常使用第一种方式) a.filter (_%2 == 0).map(2 * _) a.filter {_ % 2 == 0}map{2 * _} ##scala yield 对于for循环的每次迭代,yield都会生成一个将被记住的值。就像有一个你看不见的缓冲区,for循环的每一次迭代都会将另一个新的值添加到该缓冲区。 当for循环结束运行时,它将返回所有已赋值的集合。返回的集合的类型与迭代产生的类型相同,因此Map会生成Map,List将生成List,等等。 另外请注意,最初的集合没有改变。for / yield构造根据您指定的算法创建一个新的集合。 ###### scala> import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer scala> val b = ArrayBuffer[Int]() b: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer() scala> b += (1,2,3,4,5) res1: b.type = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) scala> val b2 = for(ele <- b) yield ele * ele b2: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 4, 9, 16, 25) scala> val a3 = for(ele <- a if ele % 2 == 0) yield ele * ele #yield a3: Array[Int] = Array(4, 16) scala> a.filter(_ % 2 == 0).map(_ * 2) # res2: Array[Int] = Array(4, 8) scala> a.filter { _ % 2 == 0} map{ _ * 2} res3: Array[Int] = Array(4, 8)
2、算法案例
移除第一个负数之后的所有负数;
/构建数组 val a = ArrayBuffer[inty() a +=(1,2,3,4,5,-1,-3,-5,-9) /每发现一个第一个负数之后的负数,就进行移除,性能较差,多次移动数组 var foundFirstNegative = false var arrayLength = a.length var index = 0 while(index < arrayLength){ if(a(index)>= 0){ index += 1 }else{ if(!foundFirstNegative){foundFirstNegative = true;index += 1} else{a.remove(index);arrayLength -= 1} } } ############
//性能较高的
scala> import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
scala> val a = ArrayBuffer[Int]()
a: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer()
scala> a += (1,2,3,4,5,-1,-3,-5,-9)
res0: a.type = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, -1, -3, -5, -9)
scala> :paste
// Entering paste mode (ctrl-D to finish)
var fountFirstNegative = false
val keepIndexes = for (i <- 0 until a.length if !fountFirstNegative || a(i) >= 0
) yield {
if (a(i) < 0) fountFirstNegative = true
i
}
for (i <- 0 until keepIndexes.length) { a(i) = a(keepIndexes(i)) }
a.trimEnd(a.length - keepIndexes.length)
// Exiting paste mode, now interpreting.
fountFirstNegative: Boolean = true
keepIndexes: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Int] = Vector(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
scala> a
res3: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, -1)