在JDK1.0中,可以用stop方法来终止,但是现在这种方法已经被禁用了,改用interrupt方法。
Thread.interrupt()方法不会中断一个正在运行的线程。它的作用是,在线程受到阻塞时抛出一个中断信号,这样线程就得以退出阻塞的状态。更确切的说,如果线程被Object.wait, Thread.join和Thread.sleep三种方法之一阻塞,那么,它将接收到一个中断异常(InterruptedException),从而提早地终结被阻塞状态。
interrupt方法并不是强制终止线程,它只能设置线程的interrupted状态,而在线程中一般使用一下方式:
while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()
&& more work to do)
{...}
而被block的线程(sleep() or
join())在被调用interrupt时会产生InterruptException,此时是否终止线程由本线程自己决定。程序的一般形式是:
public void run()
{
try
{
. . .
while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()
&& more work to do)
{
do more work
}
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{
// thread was interrupted during sleep or wait
}
finally
{
cleanup, if required
}
// exiting the run method terminates the thread
}
Thread.sleep方法也会产生InterruptedException,因此,如果每次在做完一些工作后调用了sleep方法,那么就不用检查isInterrupted,而是直接捕捉InterruptedException。
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假如我们有一个任务如下,交给一个Java线程来执行,如何才能保证调用interrupt()来中断它呢?
class ATask implements Runnable{
private double d = 0.0;
public void run() {
//死循环执行打印"I am running!" 和做消耗时间的浮点计算
while (true) {
System.out.println("I am running!");
for (int i = 0; i < 900000; i++) {
d = d + (Math.PI + Math.E) / d;
}
//给线程调度器可以切换到其它进程的信号
Thread.yield();
}
}
}
public class InterruptTaskTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//将任务交给一个线程执行
Thread t = new Thread(new ATask());
t.start();
//运行一断时间中断线程
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println("****************************");
System.out.println("Interrupted Thread!");
System.out.println("****************************");
t.interrupt();
}
}
运行这个程序,我们发现调用interrupt()后,程序仍在运行,如果不强制结束,程序将一直运行下去,如下所示:
......
I am running!
I am running!
I am running!
I am running!
****************************
Interrupted Thread!
****************************
I am running!
I am running!
I am running!
I am running!
I am running!
....
虽然中断发生了,但线程仍然在进行,离开线程有两种常用的方法:
抛出InterruptedException和用Thread.interrupted()检查是否发生中断,下面分别看一下这两种方法:
1.在阻塞操作时如Thread.sleep()时被中断会抛出InterruptedException(注意,进行不能中断的IO操作而阻塞和要获得对象的锁调用对象的synchronized方法而阻塞时不会抛出InterruptedException)
Java代码
class ATask implements Runnable{
private double d = 0.0;
public void run() {
//死循环执行打印"I am running!" 和做消耗时间的浮点计算
try {
while (true) {
System.out.println("I am running!");
for (int i = 0; i < 900000; i++) {
d = d + (Math.PI + Math.E) / d;
}
//休眠一断时间,中断时会抛出InterruptedException
Thread.sleep(50);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("ATask.run() interrupted!");
}
}
}
程序运行结果如下:
Java代码
I am running!
I am running!
****************************
Interrupted Thread!
****************************
ATask.run() interrupted!
可以看到中断任务时让任务抛出InterruptedException来离开任务.
2.Thread.interrupted()检查是否发生中断.Thread.interrupted()能告诉你线程是否发生中断,并将清除中断状态标记,所以程序不会两次通知你线程发生了中断.
Java代码
class ATask implements Runnable{
private double d = 0.0;
public void run() {
//检查程序是否发生中断
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
System.out.println("I am running!");
for (int i = 0; i < 900000; i++) {
d = d + (Math.PI + Math.E) / d;
}
}
System.out.println("ATask.run() interrupted!");
}
}
程序运行结果如下:
Java代码
I am running!
I am running!
I am running!
I am running!
I am running!
I am running!
I am running!
****************************
Interrupted Thread!
****************************
ATask.run() interrupted!
我们可结合使用两种方法来达到可以通过interrupt()中断线程.请看下面例子:
Java代码
class ATask implements Runnable{
private double d = 0.0;
public void run() {
try {
//检查程序是否发生中断
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
System.out.println("I am running!");
//point1 before sleep
Thread.sleep(20);
//point2 after sleep
System.out.println("Calculating");
for (int i = 0; i < 900000; i++) {
d = d + (Math.PI + Math.E) / d;
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Exiting by Exception");
}
System.out.println("ATask.run() interrupted!");
}
}
在point1之前处point2之后发生中断会产生两种不同的结果,可以通过修改InterruptTaskTest
main()里的Thread.sleep()的时间来达到在point1之前产生中断或在point2之后产生中断.
如果在point1之前发生中断,程序会在调用Thread.sleep()时抛出InterruptedException从而结束线程.这和在Thread.sleep()时被中断是一样的效果.程序运行结果可能如下:
Java代码
I am running!
Calculating
I am running!
Calculating
I am running!
Calculating
I am running!
****************************
Interrupted Thread!
****************************
Exiting by Exception
ATask.run() interrupted!
如果在point2之后发生中断,线程会继续执行到下一次while判断中断状态时.程序运行结果可能如下:
Java代码
I am running!
Calculating
I am running!
Calculating
I am running!
Calculating
****************************
Interrupted Thread!
****************************
ATask.run() interrupted!