本文转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/justicfu/archive/2006/06/23/433887.html
在.Net1.1中无论是对于批量插入整个DataTable中的所有数据到数据库中,还是进行不同数据源之间的迁移,都不是很方便。而在.Net2.0中,SQLClient命名空间下增加了几个新类帮助我们通过DataTable或DataReader批量迁移数据。数据源可以来自关系数据库或者XML文件,甚至WebService返回结果。其中最重要的一个类就是SqlBulkCopy类,使用它可以很方便的帮助我们把数据源的数据迁移到目标数据库中。
下面我们先通过一个简单的例子说明这个类的使用:
DateTime startTime;
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
startTime = DateTime.Now;
string SrcConString;
string DesConString;
SqlConnection SrcCon = new SqlConnection();
SqlConnection DesCon = new SqlConnection();
SqlCommand SrcCom = new SqlCommand();
SqlDataAdapter SrcAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter();
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
SrcConString =
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["SrcDBConnectionString"].ConnectionString;
DesConString =
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["DesDBConnectionString"].ConnectionString;
SrcCon.ConnectionString = SrcConString;
SrcCom.Connection = SrcCon;
SrcCom.CommandText = " SELECT * From [SrcTable]";
SrcCom.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
SrcCom.Connection.Open();
SrcAdapter.SelectCommand = SrcCom;
SrcAdapter.Fill(dt);
SqlBulkCopy DesBulkOp;
DesBulkOp = new SqlBulkCopy(DesConString,
SqlBulkCopyOptions.UseInternalTransaction);
DesBulkOp.BulkCopyTimeout = 500000000;
DesBulkOp.SqlRowsCopied +=
new SqlRowsCopiedEventHandler(OnRowsCopied);
DesBulkOp.NotifyAfter = dt.Rows.Count;
try
{
DesBulkOp.DestinationTableName = "SrcTable";
DesBulkOp.WriteToServer(dt);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lblResult.Text = ex.Message;
}
finally
{
SrcCon.Close();
DesCon.Close();
}
}
private void OnRowsCopied(object sender, SqlRowsCopiedEventArgs args)
{
lblCounter.Text += args.RowsCopied.ToString() + " rows are copied<Br>";
TimeSpan copyTime = DateTime.Now - startTime;
lblCounter.Text += "Copy Time:" + copyTime.Seconds.ToString() + "." + copyTime.Milliseconds.ToString() + " seconds";
}
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
startTime = DateTime.Now;
string SrcConString;
string DesConString;
SqlConnection SrcCon = new SqlConnection();
SqlConnection DesCon = new SqlConnection();
SqlCommand SrcCom = new SqlCommand();
SqlDataAdapter SrcAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter();
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
SrcConString =
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["SrcDBConnectionString"].ConnectionString;
DesConString =
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["DesDBConnectionString"].ConnectionString;
SrcCon.ConnectionString = SrcConString;
SrcCom.Connection = SrcCon;
SrcCom.CommandText = " SELECT * From [SrcTable]";
SrcCom.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
SrcCom.Connection.Open();
SrcAdapter.SelectCommand = SrcCom;
SrcAdapter.Fill(dt);
SqlBulkCopy DesBulkOp;
DesBulkOp = new SqlBulkCopy(DesConString,
SqlBulkCopyOptions.UseInternalTransaction);
DesBulkOp.BulkCopyTimeout = 500000000;
DesBulkOp.SqlRowsCopied +=
new SqlRowsCopiedEventHandler(OnRowsCopied);
DesBulkOp.NotifyAfter = dt.Rows.Count;
try
{
DesBulkOp.DestinationTableName = "SrcTable";
DesBulkOp.WriteToServer(dt);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lblResult.Text = ex.Message;
}
finally
{
SrcCon.Close();
DesCon.Close();
}
}
private void OnRowsCopied(object sender, SqlRowsCopiedEventArgs args)
{
lblCounter.Text += args.RowsCopied.ToString() + " rows are copied<Br>";
TimeSpan copyTime = DateTime.Now - startTime;
lblCounter.Text += "Copy Time:" + copyTime.Seconds.ToString() + "." + copyTime.Milliseconds.ToString() + " seconds";
}
接着具体分析这几行代码:
SqlBulkCopy DesBulkOp;
DesBulkOp = new SqlBulkCopy(DesConString, SqlBulkCopyOptions.UseInternalTransaction);
先生成SqlBulkCopy 实例,构造函数指定了目标数据库,使用SqlBulkCopyOptions.UseInternalTransaction是指迁移动作指定在一个Transaction当中,如果数据迁移中产生错误或异常将发生回滚。其他选项请参考MSDN。DesBulkOp = new SqlBulkCopy(DesConString, SqlBulkCopyOptions.UseInternalTransaction);
DesBulkOp.BulkCopyTimeout = 500000000;
指定操作完成的Timeout时间
DesBulkOp.SqlRowsCopied += new SqlRowsCopiedEventHandler(OnRowsCopied);
DesBulkOp.NotifyAfter = dt.Rows.Count;
try
{
DesBulkOp.DestinationTableName = "SrcTable";
DesBulkOp.WriteToServer(dt);
}
NotifyAfter属性指定通知通知事件前处理的数据行数,在这里指定为表的行数,并添加SqlRowsCopied事件输出整个迁移过程的时间。WriteToServer方法就是将数据源拷备到目标数据库。在使用WriteToServer方法之前必须先指定DestinationTableName属性,也就是目标数据库的表名,DesBulkOp.NotifyAfter = dt.Rows.Count;
try
{
DesBulkOp.DestinationTableName = "SrcTable";
DesBulkOp.WriteToServer(dt);
}
我们还可以自己定义一个Transaction,例如:
SqlTransaction Transaction;
Transaction =
SrcCom.Connection.BeginTransaction();
SqlBulkCopy DesBulkOp;
DesBulkOp = new SqlBulkCopy(new SqlConnection(DesConString),
SqlBulkCopyOptions.Default,
Transaction);
try
{
//..
}
catch{}
finally
{
Transaction.Commit();
}
Transaction =
SrcCom.Connection.BeginTransaction();
SqlBulkCopy DesBulkOp;
DesBulkOp = new SqlBulkCopy(new SqlConnection(DesConString),
SqlBulkCopyOptions.Default,
Transaction);
try
{
//..
}
catch{}
finally
{
Transaction.Commit();
}
另外还有一个SqlBulkCopyColumnMapping类,可以让数据源字段映射到目标数据中命名不同的字段上。也就是说如果目标数据和源数据的列名不同时,可以用这个类进行映射:
SqlBulkCopyColumnMapping ColMap = new SqlBulkCopyColumnMapping("SrcCol", "DesCol");
DesBulkOp.ColumnMappings.Add(ColMap);
DesBulkOp.ColumnMappings.Add(ColMap);
或者可以直接添加映射:
DesBulkOp.ColumnMappings.Add("SrcCol", "DesCol");
性能问题:
我使用上面的例子测试,迁移了2万条左右的记录,花的时间不到一秒,应改说性能还是不错的。另外,使用SQL Profile监视迁移事件,可以看见请求记录非常少,只有几条而已。据说使用SqlBulkCopy可以大大减少数据迁移的时间。