• sql编程小结


    对照mysql5.1手册,对这几天学的sql编程进行小结,主要涉及触发器、存储过程、权限管理、主从分离等,权当抛砖引玉,高手请略过。

    一、触发器 通俗的说就是在指定的数据表增删改的前或后触发执行特定的sql语句,数据表为引用永久性表。不能将触发程序与TEMPORARY表或视图关联起来。可以从四个方面理解触发器:

    ---监视地点 table
    ---监视事件 insert/update/delete
    ---触发时间 after/before
    ---触发事件 insert/update/delete

    创建语法:

    create trigger 触发器名称
    after/before
    insert/update/delete
    on 表名
    for each row
    begin
    sql1;
    ..
    sqlN;
    end

    首先声明结束符

    delimiter $ ---默认是;号结尾,但是sql语句以分号结尾后执行触发器会报语法错误,所以要提前声明结束符为分号以外的

    ---创建测试需要的两张表

    CREATE TABLE `goods` (

    `gid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
    `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
    `num` smallint(6) DEFAULT NULL
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8$

    CREATE TABLE `orders` (

    `oid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
    `gid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
    `much` smallint(6) DEFAULT NULL
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8$
    插入测试数据

    INSERT INTO goods VALUES(1,'BMW',20),(2,'mini',18),(3,'ford',50)$

    ---创建触发器t2,监视订单表,当订单表增加订单时,商品表就得减少相应的商品数量;

    delimiter $
    create trigger t2
    after
    insert --不允许同一张表同一时刻有两个相同的动作 
    on orders
    for each row
    begin
    update goods set num=num-new.much where gid =new.gid;-- new.much就是新增的订单表row的值;
    end$

    ---调用

    INSERT INTO orders VALUES(123,1,2)$

    再次select * from goods$查看对比前后数据

    -- 创建触发器 t3,监视订单表,当订单被删掉时,商品表增加对应数量;

    create trigger t3
    after
    delete
    on orders
    for each row
    begin
    update goods set num=num+old.much where gid =old.gid;
    end$

    -- 创建触发器 t5,监视订单表,在订单增加前判断是否大于库存,如果大于库存量,就让其等于库存量 区别before和after

    create trigger t5
    before
    insert
    on orders

    for each row
    begin

    declare rnum int;

    select num into rnum from goods where gid=new.gid;

    if new.much>rnum then
    set new.much =rnum;
    end if;

    update goods set num=num-new.much where gid =new.gid;
    end$

    ---删除触发器

    DROP TRIGGER [schema_name.]trigger_name

    舍弃触发程序。方案名称(schema_name)是可选的。如果省略了schema(方案),将从当前方案中舍弃触发程序。

    一般都是直接删除触发器名的

    6.for each row具体介绍
    行级触发器
    语句级触发器

    7.存储过程
    相当于一个没有返回值的"函数"
    create procedure procedureName()
    begin
    --sql 语句
    end$

    8.引入变量与控制结构
    --在存储过程中 用declare声明变量
    --格式 declare 变量名 变量类型[default默认值]

    create procedure p3()
    begin
    declare age int default 18;
    set age =age +20;
    select concat('20年后',age);
    end$

    create procedure p4()
    begin
    declare age int default 18;
    if age >=18 then
    select '已成年';
    else
    select '未成年';
    end if;
    end $

    9.存储过程的参数传递

    给存储过程传参
    语法 [in/out/inout] 参数名 参数类型
    create procedure p5(width int,height int)
    begin
    select concat('你的面积是',width * height) as area;
    if width >height then
    select '你挺胖';
    elseif width <height then
    select '你挺瘦';
    else
    select '你挺方';
    end if;
    end$

    10.过程中使用循环结构
    --求1-100之和
    create procedure p6()
    begin
    declare sum int default 0;
    declare num int default 0;

    while num <=100 do --while num <100 do set num :=num+1;
    set sum =sum +num;
    set num=num+1;
    end while;
    select sum;
    end$

    --in型参数 input type
    create procedure p7(in n int)
    begin
    declare sum int default 0;
    declare num int default 0;

    while num <n do
    set num=num+1;
    set sum =sum +num;

    end while;
    select sum;
    end$

    11.何为输出型参数
    delimiter $
    create procedure p8(in n int,out total int)
    begin

    declare num int default 0;
    set total :=0;
    while num <n do
    set num :=num+1;
    set total :=total+num;
    end while;

    end$

    create procedure p9(inout age int)
    begin
    set age :=age+20;
    end$

    set @nowage=12$

    call p9(@nowage)$

    select @nowage$


    12.case 结构的运用
    create procedure pten()
    begin
    declare pos int default 0;

    set pos :=floor(5*rand());
    case pos
    when 1 then select 'still flying';
    when 2 then select 'fall in sea';
    when 3 then select 'in the island';
    else select 'unkonw param';
    end case;
    end$

    13.repeat循环结构

    create procedure p11()
    begin
    declare i int default 0;
    repeat
    select i;
    set i :=i+1;
    until i>10 end repeat;
    end$


    create procedure p12()
    begin
    declare i int default 0;
    declare sum int default 0;
    repeat
    set i :=i+1;
    set sum :=sum+i;

    until i>=100 end repeat;
    select sum;
    end$

    14.游标的概念
    --cursor 游标 游动的标志
    --1条sql对应N条结果集的资源 取出资源的接口/句柄 就是游标
    --沿着游标 可以一次取出1行

    --declare 声明:declare 游标名 cursor for select statement
    --open 打开;open 游标名
    --fetch 取值;fetch 游标名 into var1,var2...
    --close 关闭;close 游标名;

    create procedure p13()
    begin
    declare row_gid int;
    declare row_num int;
    declare row_name varchar(20);

    declare getgoods cursor for select gid, num,name from goods;
    open getgoods;

    fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
    select row_num,row_name;

    fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
    select row_num,row_name;

    fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
    select row_num,row_name;

    fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
    select row_num,row_name;
    close getgoods;
    end$

    --02000

    15 游标循环
    --way1
    create procedure p14()
    begin
    declare row_gid int;
    declare row_num int;
    declare row_name varchar(20);

    declare cnt int default 0;
    declare i int default 0;


    declare getgoods cursor for select gid, num,name from goods;
    select count(*) into cnt from goods;
    open getgoods;

    repeat
    set i :=i+1;
    fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
    select row_num,row_name;
    until i>=cnt end repeat;
    close getgoods;
    end$

    call p14()$ call p14$
    16.declare 处理条件

    --越界值

    create procedure p15()
    begin
    declare row_gid int;
    declare row_num int;
    declare row_name varchar(20);


    declare rhave int default 1;

    declare getgoods cursor for select gid, num,name from goods;
    declare continue handler for NOT FOUND set rhave :=0;

    open getgoods;

    repeat

    fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
    select row_num,row_name;
    until rhave=0 end repeat;
    close getgoods;
    end$

    17.对比continue与exit的区别

    create procedure p16()
    begin
    declare row_gid int;
    declare row_num int;
    declare row_name varchar(20);


    declare rhave int default 1;

    declare getgoods cursor for select gid, num,name from goods;
    declare exit handler for NOT FOUND set rhave :=0;

    open getgoods;

    repeat

    fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;
    select row_num,row_name;
    until rhave=0 end repeat;
    close getgoods;
    end$

    18.游标循环读取的正确逻辑
    --declare getgoods cursor for select gid, num,name from goods; 不一定取出数据
    create procedure p17()
    begin
    declare row_gid int;
    declare row_num int;
    declare row_name varchar(20);


    declare rhave int default 1;

    declare getgoods cursor for select gid, num,name from goods;
    declare exit handler for NOT FOUND set rhave :=0;

    open getgoods;
    fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;

    repeat
    select row_num,row_name;
    fetch getgoods into row_gid,row_num,row_name;

    until rhave=0 end repeat;
    close getgoods;
    end$

    19.mysql权限检查原理
    [用户]<------>[服务器]
    分为两个阶段
    1:你有木有权限连接上来
    2:你有没有权限执行操作(CURD)
    对于1:服务器如何判断用户有没有权限连接上来
    依据3个参数
    你从哪来?host
    你是谁?user
    你的密码是多少?password

    用户的这3个信息存储在mysql库下的user表内

    --修改host域 使得ip可以连接
    mysql>update user set password=password('root') where user='';
    mysql>flush privileges;

    20.全局授权与收回(从user全局表上)
    [user]<------->[db]<------>[table-prv]
    --新增一个用户
    grant [权限1,权限2,权限3....] on *.* to user@'host' identified by 'password';
    常用权限有all,select,create,drop,insert,delete,update...

    grant all on *.* to leo@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123456';

    --收回权限
    revoke all on *.* from leo@'192.168.1.%';
    --左边第一个*所有库
    --左边第二个*所有表
    flush privileges;


    21.库及表级别授权与收回(db级别)

    --针对某个库做授权

    grant all on trdb.* to leo@'192.168.1.%';

    --收回权限
    revoke all on trdb.* from leo@'192.168.1.%';

    --针对表级别做授权
    grant select,insert,update on trdb.goods to leo@'192.168.1.%';

    --mysql的权限控制可以精确到列看手册

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/weblm/p/5449461.html
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