一起谈.NET技术，C#编程笔记（一） 狼人:

      前段时间，帮朋友用C#做了一个小玩意儿，在开发过程中，发现很多用的着的东西，在网上都没有很好的解决方案，前前后后折腾了近一个月，总算是基本上完成了，在此整理下，权作以后再用到时复习之用。

      这个东西有点像星座性格测试那种的，只不过是要C/S的，安装到客户端上，所以做起来限制比较多。首先要有数据录入的功能，提供界面，用户要能向其中录入数据，比如星座测试一条一条的题目；然后要对每个题目，提出相应的反馈、建议；最后，录入完成了，用户还要能够有个界面对指定的数据库进行增删改查：前面是录入的功能。在用户性格测试的时候，要有窗口完成答题，并在提交后，查看测试的结果，有打分，有整体评价，并且对于那些答得不合适的，还有一些建议。

      接下来，我会按不同的模块，说一说我是怎么做的。

      （1）数据的存储

      由于没有数据库管理系统的支持，我选择XML来保存数据。所以，这一模块就是基本的XML的创建、添加、删除。

      （1.1）XML文件的新建

      我做的这个玩意儿，用的XML的数据格式比较固定，所以，新建XML文件的时候，大的结构就写死了，不希望，也不会发生改变：

 1                 this._fileName = fileName;
 2                 this._xDoc = new XmlDocument();
 3                 this._xDoc.LoadXml(
 4                     "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"gb2312\" ?>" +
 5                         "<root>"+
 6                             "<Principles>" +
 7                             "</Principles>"+
 8                             "<Results>"+
 9                             "</Results>"+
10                         "</root>"
11                     );
12                 try
13                 {
14                     this._xDoc.Save(fileName);
15                 }
16                 catch (Exception ex)
17                 {
18                     MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
19                 }

      （1.2）向XML文件中的指定位置添加节点

      这里要说的是，我要添加的节点的数据结构是<ID,Content,Suggestion>。再者，添加节点的时候，用在树上直接找的办法，比较笨，用xPath会好很多，可惜时间紧没学明白……

 1         public void addToXMLDocument(string id, string content, string suggestion)
 2         {
 3             XmlNode Term = this._xDoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Term", "");
 4 
 5             XmlElement ID = this._xDoc.CreateElement("ID");
 6             ID.InnerText = id;
 7             Term.AppendChild(ID);
 8 
 9             XmlElement Content = this._xDoc.CreateElement("Content");
10             Content.InnerText = content;
11             Term.AppendChild(Content);
12 
13             XmlElement Suggestion = this._xDoc.CreateElement("Suggestion");
14             Suggestion.InnerText = suggestion;
15             Term.AppendChild(Suggestion);
16 
17             this._xDoc.ChildNodes.Item(1).ChildNodes.Item(0).AppendChild(Term);
18 
19             try
20             {
21                 this._xDoc.Save(this._fileName);
22             }
23             catch (Exception ex)
24             {
25                 MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
26             }
27         }

      （1.3）从XML文件中删除指定的节点

      在应用中，我是在ListView中把XML的数据打出来，通过勾选CheckBox选定删除的对象。

 1         private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 2         {
 3             XmlDocument xDoc = new XmlDocument();
 4             xDoc.Load(this._fileName);
 5             foreach (ListViewItem lItem in Listview1.Items)
 6             {
 7                 if (lItem.Checked == true)
 8                 {
 9                     //int index = Convert.ToInt32(lItem.SubItems[1].Text, 10);
10                     foreach (XmlNode xNode in xDoc.ChildNodes.Item(1).ChildNodes.Item(0).ChildNodes)
11                     {
12                         if (String.Compare(xNode.ChildNodes[0].InnerText, lItem.SubItems[1].Text) == 0)
13                         {
14                             xDoc.ChildNodes.Item(1).ChildNodes.Item(0).RemoveChild(xNode);
15                         }
16                     }
17                     Listview1.Items.Remove(lItem);
18                 }
19             }
20             xDoc.Save(this._fileName);
21             Re_Load();
22         }

      （2）动态界面生成

       这个算是我在第一阶段遇到的最大的一个问题。作为一个C#的菜鸟，习惯了拖拖拽拽弄出一个窗口界面，当被要求根据用户输入，动态生成界面的时候，直接歇菜了……

       在网上找了很多，可惜很多都不适用，忘记后来是在哪里找到的答案，向那位记不起名儿的童鞋致敬了。

       是这样的，所谓的动态生成，就是把原来在Form.Designer.cs中代码，搬到你自己的代码中去。比如，你原来在Form.Designer.cs中有这样的代码

             // 
2             // button1
3             // 
4             this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(57, 97);
5             this.button1.Name = "button1";
6             this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
7             this.button1.TabIndex = 0;
8             this.button1.Text = "button1";
9             this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

       你可以写到你自定义的Button2的Click事件中，这样，在你点击Button2后，就会在窗口上新加一个Button1出来

 1         private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 2         {
 3             // 
 4             // button1
 5             // 
 6             this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(57, 97);
 7             this.button1.Name = "button1";
 8             this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
 9             this.button1.TabIndex = 0;
10             this.button1.Text = "button1";
11             this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
12             this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
13             this.ResumeLayout(false);
14         }

       （2.1）说一说我自己做的那个东西，我设计如下：在Form中先放好一个大Panel，然后，根据用户输入，动态加入指定个数的组件Component。在每个Component里面，包含一个GroupBox，三个Label，三个TextBox，还有一些坐标的参数。

        要说一下，窃以为，动态加入组件，最麻烦的就是算坐标。那么多的东西，你需要事先把每个组件的坐标位置和大小都算好了，然后，你才可以保证你按下“添加”之后，你的组件能按照你想要的方式，呈现在窗口上。所以我对应每一条要添加的数据项，构造了上面的一个Component，然后给每个Component设置索引值，只要得到索引值，那么，这个Component的位置也就确定了。

        比较欣慰的是，这个组件的坐标是按相对位置计算的：你设置GroupBox的坐标时，你只要算好你在Panel中的位置就可以了，你不用管Panel在Form的哪里。同样，你的Label，TextBox只要算好在一个200*50的GroupBox中的位置就可以了，剩下的你就不用管了。或许是以前没有注意过这个问题，反正我觉得这一性质在我做的过程中，省了不少的事儿。

        这就完了么？No，还有一个我开始都没注意到的问题：最大化。对，你算的坐标是死的，当用户点击“最大化”按钮后，你的界面就会面目全非，所以，这里又要加入一个新的东西：TableLayoutPanel。Yes，需要把前面的那些写死的坐标，都放到这个TableLayoutPanel里面来，设置好每个组件的位置，这样，在“最大化”之后，依然能够保持良好的布局。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace app01_Generate
{
    class Component
    {
        #region 成员变量定义

        public static int OFFSET = 3;
        public static int HEIGHT = 98;
        private int _weight;
        private int _index;
        private GroupBox _gb;
        private Label _lb1, _lb2, _lb3;
        private TextBox _tb1, _tb2, _tb3;
        private TableLayoutPanel _tlp;

        #endregion

        public Component(int index,int weight)
        {
            this._index = index;
            this._weight = weight;

            this._gb = new GroupBox();
            this._gb.Location = new Point(3, OFFSET + this._index * HEIGHT);
            this._gb.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(this._weight, 92);
            this._gb.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
                        | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            
            this._tlp = new TableLayoutPanel();
            this._tlp.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom)
                        | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
                        | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            this._tlp.ColumnCount = 25;
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 4F));
            this._tlp.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(6, 20);
            this._tlp.Name = "_tlp";
            this._tlp.RowCount = 1;
            this._tlp.RowStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.RowStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 100F));
            this._tlp.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(this._weight - 12, 66);

            this._lb1 = new Label();
            this._lb1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            this._lb1.AutoSize = true;
            this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._lb1, 2);
            this._lb1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("微软雅黑", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
            this._lb1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 8 / 741), 0);
            this._lb1.Name = "_lb1";
            this._lb1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(47, 19);
            this._lb1.Text = "ID";


            this._lb2 = new Label();
            this._lb2.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            this._lb2.AutoSize = true;
            this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._lb2, 2);
            this._lb2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("微软雅黑", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
            this._lb2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 124 / 741), 0);
            this._lb2.Name = "_lb2";
            this._lb2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(47, 38);
            this._lb2.Text = "Content";

            this._lb3 = new Label();
            this._lb3.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            this._lb3.AutoSize = true;
            this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._lb3, 2);
            this._lb3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("微软雅黑", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
            this._lb3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 501 / 741), 0);
            this._lb3.Name = "_lb3";
            this._lb3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(47, 38);
            this._lb3.Text = "Suggestion";

            this._tb1 = new TextBox();
            this._tb1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
            | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._tb1, 2);
            this._tb1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("仿宋", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
            this._tb1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 61 / 741), 3);
            this._tb1.Name = "_tb1";
            this._tb1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(52, 29);

            this._tb2 = new TextBox();
            this._tb2.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
                        | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._tb2, 11);
            this._tb2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("仿宋", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
            this._tb2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 177 / 741), 3);
            this._tb2.Multiline = true;
            this._tb2.Name = "_tb2";
            this._tb2.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
            this._tb2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(313, 48);

            this._tb3 = new TextBox();
            this._tb3.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((( System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
                        | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            this._tlp.SetColumnSpan(this._tb3, 6);
            this._tb3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("仿宋", 10.5F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
            this._tb3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point((int)((this._weight - 12) * 554 / 741), 3);
            this._tb3.Multiline = true;
            this._tb3.Name = "_tb3";
            this._tb3.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
            this._tb3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(184, 48);

            this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._lb1, 0, 0);
            this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._tb1, 2, 0);
            this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._lb2, 4, 0);
            this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._lb3, 17, 0);
            this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._tb3, 19, 0);
            this._tlp.Controls.Add(this._tb2, 6, 0);
            this._gb.Controls.Add(this._tlp);

        }

        public void addToPanel(ref Panel pnl)
        {
            pnl.Controls.Add(this._gb);
        }

        public void Clear()
        {
            this._tb1.Clear();
            this._tb2.Clear();
            this._tb3.Clear();
        }

        public string getID()
        {
            return this._tb1.Text.Trim();
        }

        public string getContent()
        {
            return this._tb2.Text.Trim();
        }

        public string getSuggestion()
        {
            return this._tb3.Text.Trim();
        }

        public bool Check()
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this._tb1.Text.Trim()) == false ||
                string.IsNullOrEmpty(this._tb2.Text.Trim()) == false ||
                string.IsNullOrEmpty(this._tb3.Text.Trim()) == false
              &nbs