• 一起谈.NET技术,asp.net控件开发基础(1) 狼人:


      asp。net本身提供了很多控件,提供给我们这些比较懒惰的人使用,我认为控件的作用就在此,因为我们不想重复工作,所以要创建它,这个本身便是一个需求的关系,所以学习控件开发很有意思。 wrox网站上有本书 Professional ASPNET 2.0 Server Control and Component Development,现在还没有出版,但网站上放出了代码,所以正好下载过来学习一下。

      我看过前几章代码,环环相扣,作者用不同的知识向我们展示同一个效果,所以循序渐进的学下来很有好处。虽然自己对控件开发还不是很熟悉,但我感觉以下几点很重要,是我自己总结的

    1. 了解控件之间的继承关系

      最好是先看看看System。Web。UI命名空间

      (1)Control 类,所有的控件都共享的一个类,你需要去看下其里面受保护的几个方法和属性,虽然一下看不完,以后会发现常常用到这些方法,大家可以在MSDN看一下其派生类

      (2)HtmlTextWriter 类,不得不了解的一个类,主要工作就是我们写的标记字符和文本输出

    2. 重写方法

      (1) 必须继承Control类

      (2) 重写Control类的Render方法,这个是必须的,因为其他控件都继承了Control 类类,所以几乎所有控件都有这个方法

    3. 熟悉元数据

      大家都知道asp。net控件属性在编辑器上是分类的,如外观,行为,布局等,每个属性还给出了解释。简单的元数据就是起到这个作用,当然你也可以不加,但使用了元数据让人感到有亲切感,写法如

      [CategoryAttribute("Appearance")]

      要使用元数据,必须引用System。ComponentModel命名控件,一般你如果写组件的话,不可能不用到这样类库。具体的MSDN上有所介绍。

    一. 输出字符串

      说多了没意思,还是来演练吧。首先你得了解HTML。来看下面代码,效果就是输出HTML到客户端

      示例一

    using System;
    using System.Web.UI;

    namespace CustomComponents
    {
    /// <summary>
    /// Summary description for CreditCardForm
    /// </summary>
    public class CreditCardForm1 : Control
    {
    protected override void Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
    {
    writer.Write(
    "<table style='287px;height:124px;border-0;'>");
    writer.Write(
    "<tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td><strong>Payment Method</strong></td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<select name='PaymentMethod' id='PaymentMethod' style='100%;'>");
    writer.Write(
    "<option value='0'>Visa</option>");
    writer.Write(
    "<option value='1'>MasterCard</option>");
    writer.Write(
    "</select>");
    writer.Write(
    "</td>");
    writer.Write(
    "</tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td><strong>Credit Card No.</strong></td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td><input name='CreditCardNo' id='CreditCardNo' type='text' /></td>");
    writer.Write(
    "</tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td><strong>Cardholder's Name</strong></td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td><input name='CardholderName' id='CardholderName' type='text' /></td>");
    writer.Write(
    "</tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td><strong>Expiration Date</strong></td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<select name='Month' id='Month'>");
    for (int day = 1; day < 13; day++)
    {
    if (day < 10)
    writer.Write(
    "<option value='" + day.ToString() + "'>" + "0" + day.ToString() + "</option>");
    else
    writer.Write(
    "<option value='" + day.ToString() + "'>" + day.ToString() + "</option>");
    }
    writer.Write(
    "</select>");
    writer.Write(
    "&nbsp");
    writer.Write(
    "<select name='Year' id='Year'>");
    for (int year = 2005; year < 2015; year++)
    {
    writer.Write(
    "<option value='" + year.ToString() + "'>" + year.ToString() + "</option>");
    }
    writer.Write(
    "</select>");
    writer.Write(
    "</td>");
    writer.Write(
    "</tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td align='center' colspan='2'>");
    writer.Write(
    "<input type='submit' value='Submit' />");
    writer.Write(
    "</td>");
    writer.Write(
    "</tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "</table>");

    base.Render(writer);
    }
    }
    }

      效果很简单,其实就一直在输出HTML再加几个属性,大家可以直接把代码放在App_Code文件夹里,就可自动编译,当然也可以创建web控件库。注意要继承Control类,重写Render方法,用HtmlTextWriter类的Write输出HTML

      使用控件

      (1). 需要先注册一下

      <%@ Register TagPrefix="custom" Namespace="CustomComponents" %>

      (2) 然后就使用标签输出效果

      <custom:CreditCardForm1 runat="server" ID="ccf" />

      下为效果图

    . 改善,加入属性和元数据

      可能上面做出的 控件毫无用处,但却可以让你熟悉一下步骤,上面的控件定的很死,没有定义任何属性,用处不大,下面来改造我们来定义常用属性,然后再输出,这样我们就可以修改控件的属性了,

    示例二

    using System;
    using System.Web.UI;
    using System.ComponentModel;

    namespace CustomComponents
    {
    [DefaultPropertyAttribute(
    "CardholderNameText")]
    [ToolboxData(
    @"<{0}:CreditCardForm2
    PaymentMethodText='信用卡类型' CreditCardNoText='信用卡卡号'
    CardholderNameText='信用卡持有者姓名' SubmitButtonText = '提交'
    runat='server'></{0}:CreditCardForm2>
    ")
    ]
    public class CreditCardForm2 : Control
    {
    private string paymentMethodText = "信用卡类型";
    private string creditCardNoText = "信用卡卡号";
    private string cardholderNameText = "信用卡持有者姓名";
    private string expirationDateText = "最后使用时间";
    private string submitButtonText = "提交";

    [BrowsableAttribute(
    true)]
    [DescriptionAttribute(
    "获取和设置信用卡类型")]
    [DefaultValueAttribute(
    "信用卡类型")]
    [CategoryAttribute(
    "Appearance")]
    public virtual string PaymentMethodText
    {
    get { return this.paymentMethodText; }
    set { this.paymentMethodText = value; }
    }

    [BrowsableAttribute(
    true)]
    [DescriptionAttribute(
    "获取或设置信用卡卡号")]
    [DefaultValueAttribute(
    "信用卡卡号")]
    [CategoryAttribute(
    "Appearance")]
    public virtual string CreditCardNoText
    {
    get { return this.creditCardNoText; }
    set { this.creditCardNoText = value; }
    }

    [BrowsableAttribute(
    true)]
    [DescriptionAttribute(
    "获取或设置信用卡持有者姓名")]
    [DefaultValueAttribute(
    "信用卡持有者姓名")]
    [CategoryAttribute(
    "Appearance")]
    public virtual string CardholderNameText
    {
    get { return this.cardholderNameText; }
    set { this.cardholderNameText = value; }
    }

    [BrowsableAttribute(
    true)]
    [DescriptionAttribute(
    "获取或设置最后使用时间")]
    [DefaultValueAttribute(
    "最后使用时间")]
    [CategoryAttribute(
    "Appearance")]
    public virtual string ExpirationDateText
    {
    get { return this.expirationDateText; }
    set { this.expirationDateText = value; }
    }

    [BrowsableAttribute(
    true)]
    [DescriptionAttribute(
    "获取或设置按钮标签")]
    [DefaultValueAttribute(
    "提交")]
    [CategoryAttribute(
    "Appearance")]
    public virtual string SubmitButtonText
    {
    get { return this.submitButtonText; }
    set { this.submitButtonText = value; }
    }

    protected override void Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
    {
    writer.Write(
    "<table style='287px;height:124px;border-0;'>");
    writer.Write(
    "<tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td>" + PaymentMethodText + "</td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<select name='PaymentMethod' id='PaymentMethod' style='100%;'>");
    writer.Write(
    "<option value='0'>Visa</option>");
    writer.Write(
    "<option value='1'>MasterCard</option>");
    writer.Write(
    "</select>");
    writer.Write(
    "</td>");
    writer.Write(
    "</tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td>" + CreditCardNoText + "</td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td><input name='CreditCardNo' id='CreditCardNo' type='text' /></td>");
    writer.Write(
    "</tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td>" + CardholderNameText + "</td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td><input name='CardholderName' id='CardholderName' type='text' /></td>");
    writer.Write(
    "</tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td>" + ExpirationDateText + "</td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td>");
    writer.Write(
    "<select name='Month' id='Month'>");
    for (int day = 1; day < 13; day++)
    {
    if (day < 10)
    writer.Write(
    "<option value='" + day.ToString() + "'>" + "0" + day.ToString() + "</option>");
    else
    writer.Write(
    "<option value='" + day.ToString() + "'>" + day.ToString() + "</option>");
    }
    writer.Write(
    "</select>");
    writer.Write(
    "&nbsp");
    writer.Write(
    "<select name='Year' id='Year'>");
    for (int year = 2005; year < 2015; year++)
    {
    writer.Write(
    "<option value='" + year.ToString() + "'>" + year.ToString() + "</option>");
    }
    writer.Write(
    "</select>");
    writer.Write(
    "</td>");
    writer.Write(
    "</tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "<td align='center' colspan='2'>");
    writer.Write(
    "<input type='submit' value='" + SubmitButtonText + "' />");
    writer.Write(
    "</td>");
    writer.Write(
    "</tr>");
    writer.Write(
    "</table>");

    base.Render(writer);
    }
    }
    }

      上面我们接触到了元数据了,意思应该很好理解,为了测试元数据的作用,大家可以新建一个类库项目,然后把写的代码放这个项目里面,接着web网站引用这个项目,成功生成以后,你会发现工具箱已经自动帮你加上了这几个控件

     接着你要做的工作就是拖动你需要的控件,然后你会在属性面板看到下图

      然后你再结合代码中的元数据,应该就知道大概意思了。(可以根据你的理解结合MSDN看)

    . 再次改善,淘汰用Write方法以字符串的方式输出HTML

      接着我们继续发现问题,我们发现我们除了定义几个需要自己来修改的属性外,还是要用来大量的字符串用来输出HTML,而且容易输错。所以HtmlTextWriter类提供几个有用的方法用来代替。

      (1)AddStyleAttribute方法 为标签添加样式属性
      (2)AddAttribute方法        为标签添加属性
      (3)RenderBeginTag          开始写入标签头 如<table。。。。>
      (4)RenderEndTag            写入标签尾部,如</table>

      这里有几点需要特别注意。

      一. 因为其定义方式跟我们平时定义方式不同,我们平时写HTML时,是先写标签开头,再写标签的属性。如<table borderwidth="0">,然而我们在使用上面几个方法时,需要有先后顺序,我们需要先定义标签的属性和样式,然后再输出标签头。

      二.标签头和尾,需一一对应。可以理解为嵌套关系。最好的理解方法就是输出代码后,查看源文件,再结合原来定义的代码来看。还是看代码比较容易说明,由于CreditCardForm2已经定义了我们需要的属性,而我们现在要做的只是用标签的形式来替代字符串的形式,所以只需要继承CreditCardForm2类,重写Render方法即可

      示例三

    protected override void Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
    {
    writer.AddStyleAttribute(HtmlTextWriterStyle.BorderWidth,
    "0");
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Table);
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Tr);
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Td);
    writer.Write(
    "<strong>" + PaymentMethodText + "</strong>");
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Td);
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Name,
    "PaymentMethod");
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Id,
    "PaymentMethod");
    writer.AddStyleAttribute(HtmlTextWriterStyle.Width,
    "100%");
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Select);

    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Value,
    "0");
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Option);
    writer.Write(
    "Visa");
    writer.RenderEndTag();

    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Value,
    "1");
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Option);
    writer.Write(
    "MasterCard");
    writer.RenderEndTag();

    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderEndTag();

    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Tr);
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Td);
    writer.Write(
    "<strong>" + CreditCardNoText + "</strong>");
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Td);
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Name,
    "CreditCardNo");
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Id,
    "CreditCardNo");
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Type,
    "text");
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Input);
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderEndTag();

    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Tr);
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Td);
    writer.Write(
    "<strong>" + CardholderNameText + "</strong>");
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Td);
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Name,
    "CardholderName");
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Id,
    "CardholderName");
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Type,
    "text");
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Input);
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderEndTag();

    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Tr);
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Td);
    writer.Write(
    "<strong>" + ExpirationDateText + "</strong>");
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Td);
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Name,
    "Month");
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Id,
    "Month");
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Select);

    for (int day = 1; day < 13; day++)
    {
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Value, day.ToString());
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Option);

    if (day < 10)
    writer.Write(
    "0" + day.ToString());
    else
    writer.Write(day);

    writer.RenderEndTag();
    }

    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.Write(
    "&nbsp;");

    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Name,
    "Year");
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Id,
    "Year");
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Select);

    for (int year = 2005; year < 2015; year++)
    {
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Value, year.ToString());
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Option);
    writer.Write(year);
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    }

    writer.RenderEndTag();

    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderEndTag();

    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Tr);
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Align,
    "center");
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Colspan,
    "2");
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Td);
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Type,
    "submit");
    writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Value, SubmitButtonText);
    writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Input);
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    writer.RenderEndTag();
    }

    实现的效果虽然一样,但上面的代码是不是漂亮很多,而且不容易输错。这也是所提倡的做法

    . 未使用视图状态的后果

      还是视图状态,关于视图状态大家可以参考MSDN和相关文章, 看以下的示例,还是CreditCardForm3这个控件

    if (!IsPostBack)
        
    {
          creditcardform
    CardholderNameText = "Full Name";
          creditcardform
    CreditCardNoText = "CreditCardNo";
          creditcardform
    ExpirationDateText = "ExpirationDate";
          creditcardform
    PaymentMethodText = "Payment Options";
          creditcardform
    SubmitButtonText = "Send";
        }

      首次加载效果

      点击按钮以后

    使用视图状态改善效果

      前提条件是你未禁用视图状态,继承CreditCardForm3,改写每个属性

    public override string PaymentMethodText
    {
    get { return ViewState["PaymentMethodText"] != null ? (string)ViewState["PaymentMethodText"] : "信用卡类型"; }
    set { ViewState["PaymentMethodText"] = value; }
    }

    public override string CreditCardNoText
    {
    get { return ViewState["CreditCardNoText"] != null ? (string)ViewState["CreditCardNoText"] : "信用卡卡号"; }
    set { ViewState["CreditCardNoText"] = value; }
    }

    public override string CardholderNameText
    {
    get { return ViewState["CardholderNameText"] != null ? (string)ViewState["CardholderNameText"] : "信用卡持有者姓名"; }
    set { ViewState["CardholderNameText"] = value; }
    }

    public override string ExpirationDateText
    {
    get { return ViewState["ExpirationDateText"] != null ? (string)ViewState["ExpirationDateText"] : "最后使用时间"; }
    set { ViewState["ExpirationDateText"] = value; }
    }

    public override string SubmitButtonText
    {
    get { return ViewState["SubmitButtonText"] != null ? (string)ViewState["SubmitButtonText"] : "提交"; }
    set { ViewState["SubmitButtonText"] = value; }
    }

      以上全为个人见解,如有错误,希望大家指出。

    下一篇:asp.net控件开发基础(2)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/waw/p/2162635.html
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