Django提供的用于数据校验和模板渲染的组件
校验字段功能
from django.forms import widgets
# forms使用bootstrap样式
# widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'})
wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
class UserForm(forms.Form):
name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)
pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)
def register(request):
if request.method=="POST":
form=UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
else:
print(form.cleaned_data)
print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
return HttpResponse("OK")
form=UserForm()
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
总结：
在项目中创建一个py文件
- 1 写一个类继承Form
- 2 在类中写属性,写的属性,就是要校验的字段
- 3 使用:生成一个你写的类的对象myform,把要校验的数据(字典),传到对象中:MyForm(字典)
-数据多?数据少?数据多可以,少不行(required控制) - 4 myform.is_valid() 是True表示所有字段都通过校验
- 5 myform.cleaned_data:是一个字典,所有通过校验的数据放在里面
- 6 myform.errors:是一个字典,所有的错误字段的信息
在模板中:
- {{myform.name}}
- {%for item in myform%}
{{item.label}}:{{item}}
{%endfor%} - myform.as_table/as_p/as_ul(不推荐使用)
渲染标签功能
方式一：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>注册页面</h3>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<div>
<label for="">用户名</label>
{{ form.name }}
</div>
<div>
<label for="">密码</label>
{{ form.pwd }}
</div>
<div>
<label for="">确认密码</label>
{{ form.r_pwd }}
</div>
<div>
<label for=""> 邮箱</label>
{{ form.email }}
</div>
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
方式二：
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
<label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
方式三：
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
渲染错误信息功能
视图函数
def register(request):
if request.method=="POST":
form=UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
else:
print(form.cleaned_data) #
print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
form=UserForm()
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
模板
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
<label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">
</form>
组件的参数配置
class Ret(Form):
name = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用户名',error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误', 'max_length': '太长','min_length': '太短'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'})
局部钩子
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
def clean_name(self):
val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")
ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)
if not ret:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!")
def clean_tel(self):
val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel")
if len(val)==11:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误")
全局钩子
def clean(self):
pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')
if pwd and r_pwd:
if pwd==r_pwd:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
else:
return self.cleaned_data