User authentication in Django(用户认证)

一,概述:

auth 系统包括:

1)Users

2)Permissions: Binary (yes/no) flags designating whether a user may perform a certain task.(权限：二进制（是/否）标志，指示用户是否可以执行某个任务。)

3)Groups: A generic way of applying labels and permissions to more than one user.(组：向多个用户应用标签和权限的通用方法。)

4)A configurable password hashing system(一个可配置的密码散列系统)

5)Forms and view tools for logging in users, or restricting content(用于用户登录或者限制内容的表单和视图工具)

6)A pluggable backend system(一个可插入的后台系统)

7)Password strength checking(密码强度检查)

8)Throttling of login attempts(限制登录尝试)

9)Authentication against third-parties (OAuth, for example)(针对第三方的认证,例如(OAuth))

Installation(安装)

1)INSTALLED_APPS中配置 django.contrib.auth' 和django.contrib.contenttypes

2)在MIDDLEWARE中配置 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

Usage(用法)

一,Using the Django authentication system¶(使用Django 认证系统)

1)User objects:The primary attributes of the default user are:(默认用户的主要属性): username, password, email,firstname,lastname

2)Creating users:

>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> user = User.objects.create_user('john', 'lennon@thebeatles.com', 'johnpassword')

# At this point, user is a User object that has already been saved
# to the database. You can continue to change its attributes
# if you want to change other fields.
>>> user.last_name = 'Lennon'
>>> user.save()

 3)Creating superusers

$ python manage.py createsuperuser --username=joe --email=joe@example.com

 4)Changing passwords

>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> u = User.objects.get(username='john')
>>> u.set_password('new password')
>>> u.save()

 5)Authenticating users

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
user = authenticate(username='john', password='secret')
if user is not None:
    # A backend authenticated the credentials
else:

 6)Authentication in Web requests判断用户是否登录

if request.user.is_authenticated:
    # Do something for authenticated users.(已登录)
    ...
else:
    # Do something for anonymous users.

 7)How to log a user in(如何登录用户)

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login

def my_view(request):
    username = request.POST['username']
    password = request.POST['password']
    user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
    if user is not None:
        login(request, user)
        # Redirect to a success page.
        ...
    else:
        # Return an 'invalid login' error message.

 8)How to log a user out¶(如何退出)

from django.contrib.auth import logout

def logout_view(request):
    logout(request)
    # Redirect to a success page.

 8)登录装饰器(The login_required decorator¶)

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

@login_required
def my_view(request):