• 实验三 朴素贝叶斯算法及应用


    名称 内容
    博客班级 班级链接
    作业要求 作业链接
    学号 3180701126

    一.实验目的

    1.理解朴素贝叶斯算法原理,掌握朴素贝叶斯算法框架;
    2.掌握常见的高斯模型,多项式模型和伯努利模型;
    3.能根据不同的数据类型,选择不同的概率模型实现朴素贝叶斯算法;
    4.针对特定应用场景及数据,能应用朴素贝叶斯解决实际问题。

    二、实验内容

    1.实现高斯朴素贝叶斯算法;
    2.熟悉sklearn库中的朴素贝叶斯算法;
    3.针对iris数据集,应用sklearn的朴素贝叶斯算法进行类别预测;
    4.针对iris数据集,利用自编朴素贝叶斯算法进行类别预测。

    三、实验报告要求

    1.对照实验内容,撰写实验过程、算法及测试结果;
    2.代码规范化:命名规则、注释;
    3.分析核心算法的复杂度;
    4.查阅文献,讨论各种朴素贝叶斯算法的应用场景;
    5.讨论朴素贝叶斯算法的优缺点。

    四、实验代码及运行结果

    import numpy as np
    import pandas as pd
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    %matplotlib inline
    
    from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
    from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
    
    from collections import Counter
    import math
    
    

    # data
    def create_data():
        iris = load_iris()
        df = pd.DataFrame(iris.data, columns=iris.feature_names)
        df['label'] = iris.target
        df.columns = ['sepal length', 'sepal width', 'petal length', 'petal width', 'label']
        data = np.array(df.iloc[:100, :])
        # print(data)
        return data[:,:-1], data[:,-1]
    
    

    X, y = create_data()
    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.3)
    

    X_test[0], y_test[0]
    

    class NaiveBayes:
        def __init__(self):
            self.model = None
    
        # 数学期望
        @staticmethod
        def mean(X):
            return sum(X) / float(len(X))
    
        # 标准差(方差)
        def stdev(self, X):
            avg = self.mean(X)
            return math.sqrt(sum([pow(x-avg, 2) for x in X]) / float(len(X)))
    
        # 概率密度函数
        def gaussian_probability(self, x, mean, stdev):
            exponent = math.exp(-(math.pow(x-mean,2)/(2*math.pow(stdev,2))))
            return (1 / (math.sqrt(2*math.pi) * stdev)) * exponent
    
        # 处理X_train
        def summarize(self, train_data):
            summaries = [(self.mean(i), self.stdev(i)) for i in zip(*train_data)]
            return summaries
    
        # 分类别求出数学期望和标准差
        def fit(self, X, y):
            labels = list(set(y))
            data = {label:[] for label in labels}
            for f, label in zip(X, y):
                data[label].append(f)
            self.model = {label: self.summarize(value) for label, value in data.items()}
            return 'gaussianNB train done!'
    
        # 计算概率
        def calculate_probabilities(self, input_data):
            # summaries:{0.0: [(5.0, 0.37),(3.42, 0.40)], 1.0: [(5.8, 0.449),(2.7, 0.27)]}
            # input_data:[1.1, 2.2]
            probabilities = {}
            for label, value in self.model.items():
                probabilities[label] = 1
                for i in range(len(value)):
                    mean, stdev = value[i]
                    probabilities[label] *= self.gaussian_probability(input_data[i], mean, stdev)
            return probabilities
    
        # 类别
        def predict(self, X_test):
            # {0.0: 2.9680340789325763e-27, 1.0: 3.5749783019849535e-26}
            label = sorted(self.calculate_probabilities(X_test).items(), key=lambda x: x[-1])[-1][0]
            return label
    
        def score(self, X_test, y_test):
            right = 0
            for X, y in zip(X_test, y_test):
                label = self.predict(X)
                if label == y:
                    right += 1
    
            return right / float(len(X_test))
    


    model = NaiveBayes()
    


    7.

    model.fit(X_train, y_train)
    

    print(model.predict([4.4,  3.2,  1.3,  0.2]))
    

    model.score(X_test, y_test)
    

    from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB
    

    clf = GaussianNB()
    clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
    

    clf.score(X_test, y_test)
    

    clf.predict([[4.4, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2]])
    
    from sklearn.naive_bayes import BernoulliNB, MultinomialNB # 伯努利模型和多项式模型
    

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangyifo/p/14929002.html
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