1.条件判断语句
Python中条件选择语句的关键字为:if 、elif 、else这三个。其基本形式如下:
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age_of_cc = 27 age = int ( input ( "guessage:" )) if age = = age_of_cc: print ( "Yes,you got it!" ) elif age > age_of_cc: print ( "猜大啦!" ) else : print ( "猜小啦!" ) |
if语句执行的特点是从上往下判断;
其中elif和else语句块是可选的。对于if和elif只有判断为True时,该分支语句才执行,只有当if和所有的elif的判断都为False时,才执行else分支。注意Python中条件选择语句中判断后面有个冒号。
2.循环语句
2.1 while循环
用法:
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while 条件: xxxxxx |
while会不停地循环执行隶属于它的语句,直到条件为假(False)
2.1.1 break跳过循环
代码示例:
age_of_cc = 27 count =0 while count < 3: age = int(input("guessage:")) if age == age_of_cc: print("Yes,you got it!") break elif age > age_of_cc: print("猜大啦!") else: print("猜小啦!") count += 1 else: if count == 3: print("错误太多次啦!")
2.1.2 continue跳过该次循环
代码示例:
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i = 1 while i < 10 : i + = 1 if i % 2 > 0 : # 非双数时跳过输出 continue print (i) # 输出双数2、4、6、8、10 |
2.2 for循环
for循环需要预先设定好循环的次数(n),然后执行隶属于for的语句n次。
代码示例:
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for i in range ( 10 ): print (i) #输出0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
while循环判断语句代码示例:
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age_of_cc = 27 count = 0 while count < 3 : age = int ( input ( "guessage:" )) if age = = age_of_cc: print ( "Yes,you got it!" ) break elif age > age_of_cc: print ( "猜大啦!" ) else : print ( "猜小啦!" ) count + = 1 else : if count = = 3 : print ( "错误太多次啦!" ) |
for条件判断代码示例:
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age_of_cc = 27 count = 0 for i in range ( 3 ): age = int ( input ( "guessage:" )) if age = = age_of_cc: print ( "Yes,you got it!" ) break elif age > age_of_cc: print ( "猜大啦!" ) else : print ( "猜小啦!" ) count + = 1 else : if count = = 3 : print ( "错误太多次啦!" ) |
3 其他
3.1 input
input是输入函数,用户可以输入字符串保存到变量中
代码示例:
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name = input ( "Please input your name" ) |
3.2 print
用print()在括号中加上字符串,就可以向屏幕上输出指定的文字
代码示例:
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print ( "Hello!" ) |
3.3 类型转换
通过上文可以看出,input输入的在python中都会被认为是字符串(见下图),所以我们需要对input的内容进行类型转换:
转换成int示例:
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age = int ( input ( "age is:" )) |
转换回字符串:str()