转：https://www.cnblogs.com/sunnytrudeau/p/9693512.html
一些小型演示项目，服务端主要是提供Web Api功能。为了便于管理，需要在服务端加一些简单的MVC网页，用管理员身份登录，做一些简单的操作。
因此需要实现一个功能，在一个Asp.Net Core网站里，MVC网页用cookie认证，Web Api用JwtBearer认证。虽然Identity Server 4可以实现多种认证方案，但是我觉得它太重了，想直接在网站内集成2种认证方案。在网上没有找到现成的DEMO，自己折腾了一段时间搞定了，所以记录一下。
创建cookie认证方案的MVC网站
新建Asp.Net Core MVC项目。无身份验证。无https方便调试。
添加登录网页视图模型类LoginViewModel
public class LoginViewModel
{
public string UserName { get; set; } = "";
[DataType(DataType.Password)]
public string Password { get; set; } = "";
}
给Home控制器增加登录和注销函数，登录的时候要创建用户身份标识。
[HttpGet]
public IActionResult Login(string returnUrl = "")
{
ViewData["ReturnUrl"] = returnUrl;
return View();
}
[HttpPost, ActionName("Login")]
public async Task<IActionResult> LoginPost(LoginViewModel model, string returnUrl = "")
{
ViewData["ReturnUrl"] = returnUrl;
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
bool succee = (model.UserName == "admin") && (model.Password == "123");
if (succee)
{
//创建用户身份标识
var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
claimsIdentity.AddClaims(new List<Claim>()
{
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Sid, model.UserName),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, model.UserName),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "admin"),
});
//调用HttpContext.SignInAsync进行登录，注意此方法的第一个参数，必需与StartUp.cs中services.AddAuthentication的参数相同，
//AddAuthentication是设置登录，SigninAsync是按设置参数进行登录
await HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity));
return Redirect(returnUrl);
}
else
{
ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "帐号或者密码错误。");
return View(model);
}
}
return View(model);
}
public async Task<IActionResult> Logout()
{
await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
return Redirect("/Home/Index");
}
新建一个登录网页Login.cshtml
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
|
@model MixAuth.Models.LoginViewModel@{ ViewData["Title"] = "登录";}<div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-8 col-md-6"> <form asp-action="Login" asp-route-returnurl="@ViewData["ReturnUrl"]" method="post"> <div asp-validation-summary="All" class="text-danger"></div> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="UserName"></label> <input asp-for="UserName" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入用户名" /> <span asp-validation-for="UserName" class="text-danger"></span> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="Password"></label> <input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入密码" /> <span asp-validation-for="Password" class="text-danger"></span> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">登录</button> </form> </div></div>@section Scripts { @await Html.PartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial")} |
然后在Startup.cs增加cookie认证方案，并开启认证中间件。
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddCookie(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>
{
//认证失败，会自动跳转到这个地址
options.LoginPath = "/Home/Login";
});
services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
{
// This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
//options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
});
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);
}
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
else
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
}
app.UseStaticFiles();
//app.UseCookiePolicy();
//开启认证中间件
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
routes.MapRoute(
name: "default",
template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
});
}
给Home控制器的About函数增加认证要求。
[Authorize]
public IActionResult About()
把网站跑起来，点击关于，就会跳转到登录页面，登录通过后，会调回关于页面。
给网页再增加显示用户登录状态的功能。修改ViewsShared\_Layout.cshtml，增加一个分部视图
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
<div class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index">Home</a></li> <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="About">About</a></li> <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Contact">Contact</a></li> </ul> @await Html.PartialAsync("_LoginPartial") </div> |
_LoginPartial.cshtml分部视图内容
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
|
@if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated){ <form asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Logout" method="post" class="navbar-right"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li> <a href="#">@User.Identity.Name</a> </li> <li> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-link navbar-btn navbar-link"> 退出登录 </button> </li> </ul> </form>}else{ <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li> <a asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Login" asp-route-returnUrl="/Home"> 登录 </a> </li> </ul>} |
现在可以点击页面导航栏的按钮的登录和注销了。
至此，网页用cookie认证方案搞定。下面要在这个基础上，增加Web Api和JwtBearer认证。
创建JwtBearer认证方案的Web Api控制器
添加一个Web Api控制器，就用默认的value好了。
增加一个JWTTokenOptions类，定义认证的一些属性。
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
|
public class JWTTokenOptions { //谁颁发的 public string Issuer { get; set; } = "server"; //颁发给谁 public string Audience { get; set; } = "client"; //令牌密码 public string SecurityKey { get; private set; } = "a secret that needs to be at least 16 characters long"; //修改密码，重新创建数字签名 public void SetSecurityKey(string value) { SecurityKey = value; CreateKey(); } //对称秘钥 public SymmetricSecurityKey Key { get; set; } //数字签名 public SigningCredentials Credentials { get; set; } public JWTTokenOptions() { CreateKey(); } private void CreateKey() { Key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(SecurityKey)); Credentials = new SigningCredentials(Key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256); } } |
在startup.cs增加JwtBearer认证方案。
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
JWTTokenOptions jwtTokenOptions = new JWTTokenOptions();
services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddCookie(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>
{
//认证失败，会自动跳转到这个地址（认证使用[Authorize]属性）
options.LoginPath = "/Home/Login";
})
.AddJwtBearer(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, jwtBearerOptions =>
{
jwtBearerOptions.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
{
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
IssuerSigningKey = jwtTokenOptions.Key,
ValidateIssuer = true,
ValidIssuer = jwtTokenOptions.Issuer,
ValidateAudience = true,
ValidAudience = jwtTokenOptions.Audience,
ValidateLifetime = true,
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
};
});
services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
{
// This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
//options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
});
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);
}
给value控制器增加认证方案，注意指定方案名称为JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme。MVC控制器无需指定方案名称，因为默认就是CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme。
[Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class ValueController : ControllerBase
此时通过浏览器访问Web Api控制器，http://localhost:5000/api/Value，会得到401错误，这是对的，我们也不打算通过浏览器的方式访问Web Api，而是通过PC或者手机客户端。为了让认证客户端，需要增加一个获取Token的函数，暂时放在Home控制器，它的属性设置为[AllowAnonymous]，允许未认证者访问。
[AllowAnonymous]
[HttpGet]
public string GetToken(string userName, string password)
{
bool success = ((userName == "user") && (password == "111"));
if (!success)
return "";
JWTTokenOptions jwtTokenOptions = new JWTTokenOptions();
//创建用户身份标识
var claims = new Claim[]
{
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Sid, userName),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, userName),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "user"),
};
//创建令牌
var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
issuer: jwtTokenOptions.Issuer,
audience: jwtTokenOptions.Audience,
claims: claims,
notBefore: DateTime.Now,
expires: DateTime.Now.AddDays(1),
signingCredentials: jwtTokenOptions.Credentials
);
string jwtToken = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);
return jwtToken;
}
编写客户端使用JwtBearer认证
编写一个WPF客户端软件去获取Token，访问Web Api。
private async Task GetTokenAsync()
{
try
{
using (WebClient client = new WebClient())
{
//地址
string path = $"{webUrl}/Home/GetToken?userName=user&password=111";
token = await client.DownloadStringTaskAsync(path);
txbMsg.Text = $"获取到令牌={token}";
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
txbMsg.Text = $"获取令牌出错={ex.Message}";
}
}
private async Task GetValueAsync()
{
try
{
using (WebClient client = new WebClient())
{
//地址
string path = $"{webUrl}/api/Value";
client.Headers.Add(HttpRequestHeader.Authorization, $"Bearer {token}");
string value = await client.DownloadStringTaskAsync(path);
txbMsg.Text = $"获取到数据={value}";
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
txbMsg.Text = $"获取数据出错={ex.Message}";
}
}
如果直接获取数据，能够捕捉到401错误。
先获取令牌。
再获取数据，就没问题了。
DEMO代码参见：
https://github.com/woodsun2018/MixAuth