本文基于Spring Cloud Edgware.SR6,Zuul版本1.3.1,解析Zuul的请求拦截机制,让大家对Zuul的原理有个大概的认识和了解。如有不对的地方,欢迎指正。
spring boot启动过程中,一系列spring管理的bean会被初始化,其中包括ZuulController,它通过继承ServletWrappingController来初始化ZuulServlet
spring boot启动完成后,通过浏览器发起网关请求,请求会到达DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(),此方法会查找符合的Handler和HandlerAdapter来处理请求。我们来看下它是如何找到zuul的handler。
this.handlerMappings中包含了当前应用所有继承HandlerMapping接口的实现类,通过遍历它来查找符合当前request请求的HandlerExecutionChain
进来发现调用的是AbstractHandlerMapping.getHandler(),内部先调用AbstractUrlHandlerMapping.getHandlerInternal(),查询匹配的handler,如果没有,则使用默认的handler,然后包装成HandlerExecutionChain返回。
AbstractUrlHandlerMapping.getHandlerInternal()方法内部调用了lookupHandler()。
进来发现是ZuulHandlerMapping重写的lookupHandler()。该方法首先判断是否有异常,没有的话再判断是否是忽略的请求,不是的话就注册handlers,然后调用父类的
lookupHandler()方法返回。
我们看下registerHandlers()做了什么。this.routeLocator.getRoutes()就是获取注册在eureka的服务列表,然后遍历,
依次保存到AbstractUrlHandlerMapping.handlerMap中
再来看下super.lookupHandler(urlPath, request)。
protected Object lookupHandler(String urlPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { // 这里就从上面注册好的handlerMap中获取请求urlPath对应的handler Object handler = this.handlerMap.get(urlPath); if (handler != null) { // Bean name or resolved handler? if (handler instanceof String) { String handlerName = (String) handler; handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName); } validateHandler(handler, request); return buildPathExposingHandler(handler, urlPath, urlPath, null); } // 如果获取不到,则进行正则匹配,如果还匹配不到的话,则返回null List<String> matchingPatterns = new ArrayList<String>(); for (String registeredPattern : this.handlerMap.keySet()) { if (getPathMatcher().match(registeredPattern, urlPath)) { matchingPatterns.add(registeredPattern); } else if (useTrailingSlashMatch()) { if (!registeredPattern.endsWith("/") && getPathMatcher().match(registeredPattern + "/", urlPath)) { matchingPatterns.add(registeredPattern +"/"); } } } String bestMatch = null;// 匹配到之后,用请求urlPath对应的patternComparator,对所有匹配的url进行排序,之后获取第一个匹配的url Comparator<String> patternComparator = getPathMatcher().getPatternComparator(urlPath); if (!matchingPatterns.isEmpty()) { Collections.sort(matchingPatterns, patternComparator); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Matching patterns for request [" + urlPath + "] are " + matchingPatterns); } bestMatch = matchingPatterns.get(0); } if (bestMatch != null) {// 先根据排序后的第一个url获取对应的handler,如果没有的话则用”/”再取一次handler = this.handlerMap.get(bestMatch); if (handler == null) { if (bestMatch.endsWith("/")) { handler = this.handlerMap.get(bestMatch.substring(0, bestMatch.length() - 1)); } if (handler == null) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Could not find handler for best pattern match [" + bestMatch + "]"); } } // 如果handler是String,则从应用上下文中获取对应的bean if (handler instanceof String) { String handlerName = (String) handler; handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName); } validateHandler(handler, request);// 解析映射url的后半段请求uriString pathWithinMapping = getPathMatcher().extractPathWithinPattern(bestMatch, urlPath); // 最后再确认一次bestMatch是否是最匹配请求的路由 Map<String, String> uriTemplateVariables = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>(); for (String matchingPattern : matchingPatterns) { if (patternComparator.compare(bestMatch, matchingPattern) == 0) { Map<String, String> vars = getPathMatcher().extractUriTemplateVariables(matchingPattern, urlPath); Map<String, String> decodedVars = getUrlPathHelper().decodePathVariables(request, vars); uriTemplateVariables.putAll(decodedVars); } } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("URI Template variables for request [" + urlPath + "] are " + uriTemplateVariables); }// 构建HandlerExecutionChain并返回return buildPathExposingHandler(handler, bestMatch, pathWithinMapping, uriTemplateVariables); } // No handler found... return null; }
至此,终于找到了zuul的handler,其中有些细节没有提或是略过,有兴趣的朋友可以自行下去翻阅。
总结一下:
1.请求执行到DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(),此方法中调用getHandler(),遍历所有实现handlerMapping接口的实现类来查找请求对应的HandlerExecutionChain
2.getHandler()内部是遍历执行AbstractHandlerMapping.getHandler(),它的内部又是执行的AbstractUrlHandlerMapping.getHandlerInternal(),而AbstractUrlHandlerMapping内部调用的lookupHandler()实则是ZuulHandlerMapping重写的lookupHandler(),目的是获取注册中心的消费者路由列表,
3.然后ZuulHandlerMapping调用父类AbstractUrlHandlerMapping的lookupHandler(),用请求url匹配路由列表,获取最匹配的一个路由,包装成HandlerExecutionChain返回