• JAVA使用ItextPDF


    1.背景

    在某些业务场景中,需要提供相关的电子凭证,比如网银/支付宝中转账的电子回单,签约的电子合同等。方便用户查看,下载,打印。目前常用的解决方案是,把相关数据信息,生成对应的pdf文件返回给用户。

    本文源码:http://git.oschina.net/lujianing/java_pdf_demo

    2.iText

    iText是著名的开放源码的站点sourceforge一个项目,是用于生成PDF文档的一个java类库。通过iText不仅可以生成PDF或rtf的文档,而且可以将XML、Html文件转化为PDF文件。

    iText 官网:http://itextpdf.com/

    iText 开发文档: http://developers.itextpdf.com/developers-home

    iText目前有两套版本iText5和iText7。iText5应该是网上用的比较多的一个版本。iText5因为是很多开发者参与贡献代码,因此在一些规范和设计上存在不合理的地方。iText7是后来官方针对iText5的重构,两个版本差别还是挺大的。不过在实际使用中,一般用到的都比较简单,所以不用特别拘泥于使用哪个版本。比如我们在http://mvnrepository.com/中搜索iText,出来的都是iText5的依赖。

    来个最简单的例子:

    添加依赖:

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    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.itextpdf/itextpdf -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.itextpdf</groupId>
        <artifactId>itextpdf</artifactId>
        <version>5.5.11</version>
    </dependency>

    测试代码:JavaToPdf

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    package com.lujianing.test;
      
    import com.itextpdf.text.Document;
    import com.itextpdf.text.DocumentException;
    import com.itextpdf.text.Paragraph;
    import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfWriter;
      
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
      
    /**
     * Created by lujianing on 2017/5/7.
     */
    public class JavaToPdf {
      
        private static final String DEST = "target/HelloWorld.pdf";
      
      
        public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, DocumentException {
            Document document = new Document();
            PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(DEST));
            document.open();
            document.add(new Paragraph("hello world"));
            document.close();
            writer.close();
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    3.iText-中文支持

    iText默认是不支持中文的,因此需要添加对应的中文字体,比如黑体simhei.ttf

    可参考文档:http://developers.itextpdf.com/examples/font-examples/using-fonts#1227-tengwarquenya1.java

    测试代码:JavaToPdfCN

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    package com.lujianing.test;
      
    import com.itextpdf.text.Document;
    import com.itextpdf.text.DocumentException;
    import com.itextpdf.text.Font;
    import com.itextpdf.text.FontFactory;
    import com.itextpdf.text.Paragraph;
    import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.BaseFont;
    import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfWriter;
      
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
      
    /**
     * Created by lujianing on 2017/5/7.
     */
    public class JavaToPdfCN {
      
        private static final String DEST = "target/HelloWorld_CN.pdf";
        private static final String FONT = "simhei.ttf";
      
      
        public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, DocumentException {
            Document document = new Document();
            PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(DEST));
            document.open();
            Font f1 = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);
            document.add(new Paragraph("hello world,我是鲁家宁", f1));
            document.close();
            writer.close();
        }
    }

    输出结果:

    4.iText-Html渲染

    在一些比较复杂的pdf布局中,我们可以通过html去生成pdf

    可参考文档:http://developers.itextpdf.com/examples/xml-worker-itext5/xml-worker-examples

    添加依赖:

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    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.itextpdf.tool/xmlworker -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.itextpdf.tool</groupId>
        <artifactId>xmlworker</artifactId>
        <version>5.5.11</version>
    </dependency>

    添加模板:template.html

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    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
        <title>Title</title>
        <style>
            body{
                font-family:SimHei;
            }
            .red{
                color: red;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <div class="red">
        你好,鲁家宁
    </div>
    </body>
    </html>

    测试代码:JavaToPdfHtml

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    package com.lujianing.test;
      
    import com.itextpdf.text.Document;
    import com.itextpdf.text.DocumentException;
    import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfWriter;
    import com.itextpdf.tool.xml.XMLWorkerFontProvider;
    import com.itextpdf.tool.xml.XMLWorkerHelper;
    import com.lujianing.test.util.PathUtil;
      
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.nio.charset.Charset;
      
    /**
     * Created by lujianing on 2017/5/7.
     */
    public class JavaToPdfHtml {
      
        private static final String DEST = "target/HelloWorld_CN_HTML.pdf";
        private static final String HTML = PathUtil.getCurrentPath()+"/template.html";
        private static final String FONT = "simhei.ttf";
      
      
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, DocumentException {
            // step 1
            Document document = new Document();
            // step 2
            PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(DEST));
            // step 3
            document.open();
            // step 4
            XMLWorkerFontProvider fontImp = new XMLWorkerFontProvider(XMLWorkerFontProvider.DONTLOOKFORFONTS);
            fontImp.register(FONT);
            XMLWorkerHelper.getInstance().parseXHtml(writer, document,
                    new FileInputStream(HTML), null, Charset.forName("UTF-8"), fontImp);
            // step 5
            document.close();
        }
    }

    输出结果:

    需要注意:

    1.html中必须使用标准的语法,标签一定需要闭合

    2.html中如果有中文,需要在样式中添加对应字体的样式

    5.iText-Html-Freemarker渲染

    在实际使用中,html内容都是动态渲染的,因此我们需要加入模板引擎支持,可以使用FreeMarker/Velocity,这里使用FreeMarker举例

    添加FreeMarke依赖:

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    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.freemarker/freemarker -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
        <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.19</version>
    </dependency>

    添加模板:template_freemarker.html

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    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
        <title>Title</title>
        <style>
            body{
                font-family:SimHei;
            }
            .blue{
                color: blue;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <div class="blue">
        你好,${name}
    </div>
    </body>
    </html>

    测试代码:JavaToPdfHtmlFreeMarker

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    package com.lujianing.test;
      
    import com.itextpdf.text.Document;
    import com.itextpdf.text.DocumentException;
    import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfWriter;
    import com.itextpdf.tool.xml.XMLWorkerFontProvider;
    import com.itextpdf.tool.xml.XMLWorkerHelper;
    import com.lujianing.test.util.PathUtil;
      
    import freemarker.template.Configuration;
    import freemarker.template.Template;
      
    import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.StringWriter;
    import java.io.Writer;
    import java.nio.charset.Charset;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
      
    /**
     * Created by lujianing on 2017/5/7.
     */
    public class JavaToPdfHtmlFreeMarker {
      
        private static final String DEST = "target/HelloWorld_CN_HTML_FREEMARKER.pdf";
        private static final String HTML = "template_freemarker.html";
        private static final String FONT = "simhei.ttf";
      
        private static Configuration freemarkerCfg = null;
      
        static {
            freemarkerCfg =new Configuration();
            //freemarker的模板目录
            try {
                freemarkerCfg.setDirectoryForTemplateLoading(new File(PathUtil.getCurrentPath()));
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
      
      
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, DocumentException {
            Map<String,Object> data = new HashMap();
            data.put("name","鲁家宁");
            String content = JavaToPdfHtmlFreeMarker.freeMarkerRender(data,HTML);
            JavaToPdfHtmlFreeMarker.createPdf(content,DEST);
        }
      
      
        public static void createPdf(String content,String dest) throws IOException, DocumentException {
            // step 1
            Document document = new Document();
            // step 2
            PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(dest));
            // step 3
            document.open();
            // step 4
            XMLWorkerFontProvider fontImp = new XMLWorkerFontProvider(XMLWorkerFontProvider.DONTLOOKFORFONTS);
            fontImp.register(FONT);
            XMLWorkerHelper.getInstance().parseXHtml(writer, document,
                    new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()), null, Charset.forName("UTF-8"), fontImp);
            // step 5
            document.close();
      
        }
      
        /**
         * freemarker渲染html
         */
        public static String freeMarkerRender(Map<String, Object> data, String htmlTmp) {
            Writer out = new StringWriter();
            try {
                // 获取模板,并设置编码方式
                Template template = freemarkerCfg.getTemplate(htmlTmp);
                template.setEncoding("UTF-8");
                // 合并数据模型与模板
                template.process(data, out); //将合并后的数据和模板写入到流中,这里使用的字符流
                out.flush();
                return out.toString();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    out.close();
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }

    输出结果:

    目前为止,我们已经实现了iText通过Html模板生成Pdf的功能,但是实际应用中,我们发现iText并不能对高级的CSS样式进行解析,比如CSS中的position属性等,因此我们要引入新的组件

    6.Flying Saucer-CSS高级特性支持

    Flying Saucer is a pure-Java library for rendering arbitrary well-formed XML (or XHTML) using CSS 2.1 for layout and formatting, output to Swing panels, PDF, and images.

    Flying Saucer是基于iText的,支持对CSS高级特性的解析。

    添加依赖:

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    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.xhtmlrenderer/flying-saucer-pdf -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.xhtmlrenderer</groupId>
        <artifactId>flying-saucer-pdf</artifactId>
        <version>9.1.5</version>
    </dependency>
      
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.xhtmlrenderer/flying-saucer-pdf-itext5 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.xhtmlrenderer</groupId>
        <artifactId>flying-saucer-pdf-itext5</artifactId>
        <version>9.1.5</version>
    </dependency>

    添加模板:template_freemarker_fs.html

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    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
        <title>Title</title>
        <style>
            body{
                font-family:SimHei;
            }
            .color{
                color: green;
            }
            .pos{
                position:absolute;
                left:200px;
                top:5px;
                 200px;
                font-size: 10px;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <img src="logo.png" width="600px"/>
    <div class="color pos">
        你好,${name}
    </div>
    </body>
    </html>

    测试代码:JavaToPdfHtmlFreeMarker

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    package com.lujianing.test.flyingsaucer;
      
      
    import com.itextpdf.text.DocumentException;
    import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.BaseFont;
    import com.lujianing.test.util.PathUtil;
    import freemarker.template.Configuration;
    import freemarker.template.Template;
    import org.xhtmlrenderer.pdf.ITextFontResolver;
    import org.xhtmlrenderer.pdf.ITextRenderer;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.StringWriter;
    import java.io.Writer;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
      
    /**
     * Created by lujianing on 2017/5/7.
     */
    public class JavaToPdfHtmlFreeMarker {
      
        private static final String DEST = "target/HelloWorld_CN_HTML_FREEMARKER_FS.pdf";
        private static final String HTML = "template_freemarker_fs.html";
        private static final String FONT = "simhei.ttf";
        private static final String LOGO_PATH = "file://"+PathUtil.getCurrentPath()+"/logo.png";
      
        private static Configuration freemarkerCfg = null;
      
        static {
            freemarkerCfg =new Configuration();
            //freemarker的模板目录
            try {
                freemarkerCfg.setDirectoryForTemplateLoading(new File(PathUtil.getCurrentPath()));
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
      
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, DocumentException, com.lowagie.text.DocumentException {
            Map<String,Object> data = new HashMap();
            data.put("name","鲁家宁");
            String content = JavaToPdfHtmlFreeMarker.freeMarkerRender(data,HTML);
            JavaToPdfHtmlFreeMarker.createPdf(content,DEST);
        }
      
        /**
         * freemarker渲染html
         */
        public static String freeMarkerRender(Map<String, Object> data, String htmlTmp) {
            Writer out = new StringWriter();
            try {
                // 获取模板,并设置编码方式
                Template template = freemarkerCfg.getTemplate(htmlTmp);
                template.setEncoding("UTF-8");
                // 合并数据模型与模板
                template.process(data, out); //将合并后的数据和模板写入到流中,这里使用的字符流
                out.flush();
                return out.toString();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    out.close();
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
      
        public static void createPdf(String content,String dest) throws IOException, DocumentException, com.lowagie.text.DocumentException {
            ITextRenderer render = new ITextRenderer();
            ITextFontResolver fontResolver = render.getFontResolver();
            fontResolver.addFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);
            // 解析html生成pdf
            render.setDocumentFromString(content);
            //解决图片相对路径的问题
            render.getSharedContext().setBaseURL(LOGO_PATH);
            render.layout();
            render.createPDF(new FileOutputStream(dest));
        }
    }

    输出结果: 

    在某些场景下,html中的静态资源是在本地,我们可以使用render.getSharedContext().setBaseURL()加载文件资源,注意资源URL需要使用文件协议 “file://”。

    对于生成的pdf页面大小,可以用css的@page属性设置。

    7.PDF转图片

    在某些场景中,我们可能只需要返回图片格式的电子凭证,我们可以使用Jpedal组件,把pdf转成图片

    添加依赖:

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    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jpedal/jpedal-lgpl -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jpedal</groupId>
        <artifactId>jpedal-lgpl</artifactId>
        <version>4.74b27</version>
    </dependency>

    测试代码:JavaToPdfImgHtmlFreeMarker

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    package com.lujianing.test.flyingsaucer;
      
      
    import com.itextpdf.text.DocumentException;
    import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.BaseFont;
    import com.lujianing.test.util.PathUtil;
    import freemarker.template.Configuration;
    import freemarker.template.Template;
    import org.jpedal.PdfDecoder;
    import org.jpedal.exception.PdfException;
    import org.jpedal.fonts.FontMappings;
    import org.xhtmlrenderer.pdf.ITextFontResolver;
    import org.xhtmlrenderer.pdf.ITextRenderer;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.StringWriter;
    import java.io.Writer;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
      
    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
      
    /**
     * Created by lujianing on 2017/5/7.
     */
    public class JavaToPdfImgHtmlFreeMarker {
      
        private static final String DEST = "target/HelloWorld_CN_HTML_FREEMARKER_FS_IMG.png";
        private static final String HTML = "template_freemarker_fs.html";
        private static final String FONT = "simhei.ttf";
        private static final String LOGO_PATH = "file://"+PathUtil.getCurrentPath()+"/logo.png";
        private static final String IMG_EXT = "png";
      
        private static Configuration freemarkerCfg = null;
      
        static {
            freemarkerCfg =new Configuration();
            //freemarker的模板目录
            try {
                freemarkerCfg.setDirectoryForTemplateLoading(new File(PathUtil.getCurrentPath()));
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
      
      
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, DocumentException, com.lowagie.text.DocumentException {
            Map<String,Object> data = new HashMap();
            data.put("name","鲁家宁");
      
            String content = JavaToPdfImgHtmlFreeMarker.freeMarkerRender(data,HTML);
            ByteArrayOutputStream pdfStream = JavaToPdfImgHtmlFreeMarker.createPdf(content);
            ByteArrayOutputStream imgSteam = JavaToPdfImgHtmlFreeMarker.pdfToImg(pdfStream.toByteArray(),2,1,IMG_EXT);
      
            FileOutputStream fileStream = new FileOutputStream(new File(DEST));
            fileStream.write(imgSteam.toByteArray());
            fileStream.close();
      
        }
      
      
        /**
         * freemarker渲染html
         */
        public static String freeMarkerRender(Map<String, Object> data, String htmlTmp) {
            Writer out = new StringWriter();
            try {
                // 获取模板,并设置编码方式
                Template template = freemarkerCfg.getTemplate(htmlTmp);
                template.setEncoding("UTF-8");
                // 合并数据模型与模板
                template.process(data, out); //将合并后的数据和模板写入到流中,这里使用的字符流
                out.flush();
                return out.toString();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    out.close();
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
      
        /**
         * 根据模板生成pdf文件流
         */
        public static ByteArrayOutputStream createPdf(String content) {
            ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ITextRenderer render = new ITextRenderer();
            ITextFontResolver fontResolver = render.getFontResolver();
            try {
                fontResolver.addFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);
            } catch (com.lowagie.text.DocumentException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            // 解析html生成pdf
            render.setDocumentFromString(content);
            //解决图片相对路径的问题
            render.getSharedContext().setBaseURL(LOGO_PATH);
            render.layout();
            try {
                render.createPDF(outStream);
                return outStream;
            } catch (com.lowagie.text.DocumentException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    outStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
      
        /**
         * 根据pdf二进制文件 生成图片文件
         *
         * @param bytes   pdf二进制
         * @param scaling 清晰度
         * @param pageNum 页数
         */
        public static ByteArrayOutputStream pdfToImg(byte[] bytes, float scaling, int pageNum,String formatName) {
            //推荐的方法打开PdfDecoder
            PdfDecoder pdfDecoder = new PdfDecoder(true);
            FontMappings.setFontReplacements();
            //修改图片的清晰度
            pdfDecoder.scaling = scaling;
            ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            try {
                //打开pdf文件,生成PdfDecoder对象
                pdfDecoder.openPdfArray(bytes); //bytes is byte[] array with PDF
                //获取第pageNum页的pdf
                BufferedImage img = pdfDecoder.getPageAsImage(pageNum);
      
                ImageIO.write(img, formatName, out);
            } catch (PdfException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
      
            return out;
        }
    }

    输出结果:

    Jpedal支持将指定页Pdf生成图片,pdfDecoder.scaling设置图片的分辨率(不同分辨率下文件大小不同) ,支持多种图片格式,具体更多可自行研究

    8.总结

    对于电子凭证的技术方案,总结如下:

    1.html模板+model数据,通过freemarker进行渲染,便于维护和修改

    2.渲染后的html流,可通过Flying Saucer组件生成pdf文件流,或者生成pdf后再转成jpg文件流

    3.在Web项目中,对应的文件流,可以通过ContentType设置,在线查看/下载,不需通过附件服务

    9.纯前端解决方案

    还有一种解决方案是使用PhantomJS

    git地址: https://github.com/ariya/phantomjs

    PhantomJS 是一个基于 WebKit 的服务器端 JavaScript API。它全面支持web而不需浏览器支持,其快速,原生支持各种Web标准: DOM 处理, CSS 选择器, JSON, Canvas, 和 SVG。 PhantomJS 可以用于 页面自动化 , 网络监测 , 网页截屏 ,以及 无界面测试 等。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangjintao-0623/p/10559877.html
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