节回顾: 1. 以ATM引出DBMS 2. MySQL - 服务端 - 客户端 3. 通信交流 - 授权 - SQL语句 - 数据库 create database db1; ? drop database db1; - 数据表 先创建tb2部门表 create table tb1用户表( id int not null auto_increment primary key, name char(10), department_id int, p_id int, constraint fk_1 foreign key (department_id,p_id) references tb2(tid,xid) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; 创建外键可以()写多个,注意里面的多列是一个主键 补充:主键 一个表只能有一个主键 主键可以由多列组成 补充:外键 ? CREATE TABLE t5 ( nid int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, pid int(11) not NULL, num int(11), primary key(nid,pid)这两列组成一个主键,多列组成的主键不常用,但是要知道 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; create table t6( id int auto_increment primary key, name char(10), id1 int, id2 int, CONSTRAINT fk_t5_t6 foreign key (id1,id2) REFERENCES t1(nid,pid) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; - 数据行 insert into tb1(name,age) values('alex',18); delete from tb1;自增列计数不会清空 truncate table tb1;自增列计数清空 delete from tb1 where id > 10 update tb1 set name='root' where id > 10 select * from tb; select id,name from tb; 4 对于自增补充: desc t10; show create table t10; show create table t10 G; alter table t10 AUTO_INCREMENT=20;修改表的自增来 MySQL: 自增步长 基于会话级别: show session variables like 'auto_inc%'; 查看全局变量 set session auto_increment_increment=2; 设置会话步长 # set session auto_increment_offset=10; 基于全局级别: show global variables like 'auto_inc%'; 查看全局变量 set global auto_increment_increment=2; 设置会话步长 # set global auto_increment_offset=10; SqlServer:自增步长: 基础表级别: CREATE TABLE `t5` ( `nid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `pid` int(11) NOT NULL, `num` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`nid`,`pid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4, 步长=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 CREATE TABLE `t6` ( `nid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `pid` int(11) NOT NULL, `num` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`nid`,`pid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4, 步长=20 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 今日内容: 0. 唯一索引(可以联合唯一索引) 语法 create table t1( id int ...., num int, xx int, unique 唯一索引名称 (列名,列名), constraint .... ) # 1 1 1 2 1 2 唯一索引的主要作用PS: 唯一: 约束不能重复(可以为空) PS: 主键不能重复(不能为空) 作用是加速查找,如果以后有用到唯一但是为不为空不限制 就可以考虑主键和约束 1. 外键的变种 a. 用户表和部门表 用户: 1 alex 1 2 root 1 3 egon 2 4 laoyao 3 部门: 1 服务 2 保安 3 公关 ===》 一对多 b. 用户表和博客表 用户表: 1 alex 2 root 3 egon 4 laoyao 博客表: FK() + 唯一 1 /yuanchenqi/ 4 2 /alex3714/ 1 3 /asdfasdf/ 3 4 /ffffffff/ 2 ===> 一对一 create table userinfo1( id int auto_increment primary key, name char(10), gender char(10), email varchar(64) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; create table admin( id int not null auto_increment primary key, username varchar(64) not null, password VARCHAR(64) not null, user_id int not null, unique uq_u1 (user_id), CONSTRAINT fk_admin_u1 FOREIGN key (user_id) REFERENCES userinfo1(id) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; c. 用户表(百合网) 相亲记录表 示例1: 用户表 相亲表 示例2: 用户表 主机表 用户主机关系表 ===》多对多 create table userinfo2( id int auto_increment primary key, name char(10), gender char(10), email varchar(64) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; create table host( id int auto_increment primary key, hostname char(64) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; create table user2host( id int auto_increment primary key, userid int not null, hostid int not null, unique uq_user_host (userid,hostid), CONSTRAINT fk_u2h_user FOREIGN key (userid) REFERENCES userinfo2(id), CONSTRAINT fk_u2h_host FOREIGN key (hostid) REFERENCES host(id) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; 2. SQL语句数据行操作补充 create table tb12( id int auto_increment primary key, name varchar(32), age int )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; 增 insert into tb11(name,age) values('alex',12); 单条 insert into tb11(name,age) values('alex',12),('root',18);多条 insert into tb12(name,age) select name,age from tb11;把某个表,查出来放到另一个表 删 delete from tb12; delete from tb12 where id !=2 delete from tb12 where id =2 delete from tb12 where id > 2 delete from tb12 where id >=2 delete from tb12 where id >=2 or name='alex' 改 update tb12 set name='alex' where id>12 and name='xx' update tb12 set name='alex',age=19 where id>12 and name='xx' 增删改就那几种最要还是查的多 查 select * from tb12; select id,name from tb12; select id,name from tb12 where id > 10 or name ='xxx'; select id,name as cname from tb12 where id > 10 or name ='xxx'; as起别名 select name,age,11 from tb12;额外的常量列11 其他: select * from tb12 where id != 1 select * from tb12 where id in (1,5,12); select * from tb12 where id not in (1,5,12); select * from tb12 where id in (select id from tb11) where后面的select只能写一列 select * from tb12 where id between 5 and 12; 通配符: select * from tb12 where name like "a%" %表示任务多个字符(0个或多个) select * from tb12 where name like "a_" _代指一个字符 分页: select * from tb12 limit 10; select * from tb12 limit 0,10; 从0开始后面取10条 select * from tb12 limit 10,10; 前面的是起始位置 select * from tb12 limit 20,10; select * from tb12 limit 10 offset 20; 从20开始取10条 结合python分页 # page = input('请输入要查看的页码') # page = int(page) # (page-1) * 10 # select * from tb12 limit 0,10; 1 # select * from tb12 limit 10,10;2 排序: select * from tb12 order by id desc; 大到小 select * from tb12 order by id asc; 小到大 select * from tb12 order by age desc,id desc; 取后10条数据 select * from tb12 order by id desc limit 10;
分组: select count(id),max(id),part_id from userinfo5 group by part_id; 聚合函数 count max min sum avg **** 如果对于聚合函数结果进行二次筛选时?group by排序必须使用having **** count就是聚合函数 select count(id),part_id from userinfo5 group by part_id having count(id) > 1; select count(id),part_id from userinfo5 where id > 0 group by part_id having count(id) > 1; 连表操作: select * from userinfo5,department5 select * from userinfo5,department5 where userinfo5.part_id = department5.id select * from userinfo5 left join department5 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id select * from department5 left join userinfo5 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id # userinfo5左边全部显示 left join是左边表全显示, # select * from userinfo5 right join department5 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id # department5右边全部显示 righe join是右边表全显示 select * from userinfo5 innder join department5 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id 将出现null时一行隐藏 select * from department5 left join userinfo5 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id left join userinfo6 on userinfo5.part_id = department5.id select score.sid, student.sid from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid left join course on score.course_id = course.cid left join class on student.class_id = class.cid left join teacher on course.teacher_id=teacher.tid select count(id) from userinfo5; 作业练习: http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5729934.html 10-15个完成
主键
语法:primary key(nid,pid)
一个表只能有一个主键
主键可以由多列组成
单独写一行
外键:
语法:
CONSTRAINT fk_t5_t6 foreign key (id1,id2) REFERENCES t1(nid,pid)
创建外键可以()写多个,注意里面的多列是一个主键
唯一索引:
语法 :unique 唯一索引名称 (列名,列名);unique uq_u1 (user_id),
约束不能重复(可以为空)
PS: 主键不能重复(不能为空)
作用是加速查找,如果以后有用到唯一但是为不为空不限制 就可以考虑主键和约束
外键的变种
有几种形式: FK() + 唯一;多对多(主机表)
sql语句
增 多列增,查出表进行增
删 delete
改 update
查 where后面加in,notin,betwe and ,like,通配符;分页limit跟where没关系;order by 排序;
group by分组,如果再有条件不能用where只能用having;
left join左边的表全部显示,建议使用table.sid的方式表示列
inner join 碰到NULL的(有表有有表没有隐藏)