COBBLER无人值守安装

1. Cobbler介绍

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

Cobbler官网

1.1 Cobbler集成的服务

• PXE服务支持
• DHCP服务管理
• DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
• 电源管理
• Kickstart服务支持
• YUM仓库管理
• TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
• Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

1.2 系统环境准备

1. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
2. CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
3. [root@linux-node1 ~]# uname -r
4. 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
5. [root@linux-node1 ~]# getenforce
6. Disabled
7. [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
8. iptables: Firewall is not running.
9. [root@linux-node1 ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}'
10. 10.0.0.7
11. [root@linux-node1 ~]# hostname
12. linux-node1.example.com
13. # 配置阿里云的epel源
14. [root@linux-node1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

注意：

• 虚拟机网卡采用NAT模式，不要使用桥接模式，因为稍后我们会搭建DHCP服务器，在同一局域网多个DHCP服务会有冲突。
• VMware的NAT模式的dhcp服务也关闭，避免干扰。
  

2. Cobbler安装配置

2.1 安装Cobbler

1. [root@linux-node1 ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd
2. [root@linux-node1 ~]# rpm -ql cobbler # 查看安装的文件，下面列出部分。
3. /etc/cobbler # 配置文件目录
4. /etc/cobbler/settings # cobbler主配置文件，这个文件是YAML格式，Cobbler是python写的程序。
5. /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template # DHCP服务的配置模板
6. /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template # tftp服务的配置模板
7. /etc/cobbler/rsync.template # rsync服务的配置模板
8. /etc/cobbler/iso # iso模板配置文件目录
9. /etc/cobbler/pxe # pxe模板文件目录
10. /etc/cobbler/power # 电源的配置文件目录
11. /etc/cobbler/users.conf # Web服务授权配置文件
12. /etc/cobbler/users.digest # 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件
13. /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服务的配置模板
14. /etc/cobbler/modules.conf # Cobbler模块配置文件
16. /var/lib/cobbler # Cobbler数据目录
17. /var/lib/cobbler/config # 配置文件
18. /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts # 默认存放kickstart文件
19. /var/lib/cobbler/loaders # 存放的各种引导程序
21. /var/www/cobbler # 系统安装镜像目录
22. /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror # 导入的系统镜像列表
23. /var/www/cobbler/images # 导入的系统镜像启动文件
24. /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror # yum源存储目录
26. /var/log/cobbler # 日志目录
27. /var/log/cobbler/install.log # 客户端系统安装日志
28. /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log # cobbler日志

2.2 配置Cobbler

1. [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
2. 停止 httpd： [失败]
3. 正在启动 httpd： [确定]
4. [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd start
5. Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]
6. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler check # 检查Cobbler的配置，如果看不到下面的结果，再次执行/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
7. The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
9. 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
10. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
11. 3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
12. 4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
13. 5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
14. 6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
15. 7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
17. Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
19. # 看着上面的结果，一个一个解决。
20. # 第1、2、6个问题，顺便修改其他功能
21. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori} # 备份
23. # server，Cobbler服务器的IP。
24. sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 10.0.0.7/' /etc/cobbler/settings
26. # next_server，如果用Cobbler管理DHCP，修改本项，作用不解释，看kickstart。
27. sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 10.0.0.7/' /etc/cobbler/settings
29. # 用Cobbler管理DHCP
30. sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
32. # 防止循环装系统，适用于服务器第一启动项是PXE启动。
33. sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
35. # 设置新装系统的默认root密码123456。下面的命令来源于提示6。random-phrase-here为干扰码，可以自行设定。
36. [root@linux-node1 ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'oldboy' '123456'
37. $1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1
38. [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings 
39. default_password_crypted: "$1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1"
41. # 第3个问题
42. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler get-loaders # 会自动从官网下载
43. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ # 下载的内容
44. [root@linux-node1 loaders]# ls
45. COPYING.elilo COPYING.yaboot grub-x86_64.efi menu.c32 README
46. COPYING.syslinux elilo-ia64.efi grub-x86.efi pxelinux.0 yaboot
48. # 第4个问题
49. [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
50. disable = no
51. [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
52. 停止 xinetd： [确定]
53. 正在启动 xinetd： [确定]
55. [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
56. Stopping cobbler daemon: [确定]
57. Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]
58. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler check
59. The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
61. 1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories # 和debian系统相关，不需要
62. 2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them # fence设备相关，不需要
63. Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

2.3 配置DHCP

1. # 修改cobbler的dhcp模版，不要直接修改dhcp本身的配置文件，因为cobbler会覆盖。
3. [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
4. # 仅列出修改过的字段
5. ……
6. subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
7. option routers 10.0.0.2;
8. option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.2;
9. option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
10. range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;
11. ……

2.4 同步cobbler配置

1. # 同步最新cobbler配置，它会根据配置自动修改dhcp等服务。
2. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync # 同步所有配置，可以仔细看一下sync做了什么。
3. task started: 2015-12-03_204822_sync
4. task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Dec 3 20:48:22 2015)
5. running pre-sync triggers
6. cleaning trees
7. removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
8. removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
9. copying bootloaders
10. trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
11. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
12. trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
13. trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
14. trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
15. trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
16. trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
17. copying distros to tftpboot
18. copying images
19. generating PXE configuration files
20. generating PXE menu structure
21. rendering DHCP files
22. generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
23. rendering TFTPD files
24. generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
25. cleaning link caches
26. running post-sync triggers
27. running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
28. running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
29. running: dhcpd -t -q
30. received on stdout:
31. received on stderr:
32. running: service dhcpd restart
33. received on stdout: 关闭 dhcpd：[确定]
34. 正在启动 dhcpd：[确定]
36. received on stderr:
37. running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
38. running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
39. running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
40. running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
41. *** TASK COMPLETE ***
43. # 再看一下dhcp的配置文件。
44. [root@linux-node1 ~]# less /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
45. # ******************************************************************
46. # Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file
47. # generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Thu Dec 3 12:48:23 2015)
48. # Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes
49. # in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be
50. # overwritten.
51. # ******************************************************************
53. ddns-update-style interim;
54. …………

2.5 开机启动

1. # 启动相关服务并设置开机启动(可选) 与第二种方法二选一
2. chkconfig httpd on
3. chkconfig xinetd on
4. chkconfig cobblerd on
5. chkconfig dhcpd on
6. /etc/init.d/httpd restart
7. /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
8. /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
9. /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart
10. # 编写Cobbler相关服务启动脚本(可选)
11. cat >>/etc/init.d/cobbler<<EOF
12. #!/bin/bash
13. # chkconfig: 345 80 90
14. # description:cobbler
16. case $1 in
17. start)
18. /etc/init.d/httpd start
19. /etc/init.d/xinetd start
20. /etc/init.d/dhcpd start
21. /etc/init.d/cobblerd start
22. ;;
24. stop)
25. /etc/init.d/httpd stop
26. /etc/init.d/xinetd stop
27. /etc/init.d/dhcpd stop
28. /etc/init.d/cobblerd stop
29. ;;
31. restart)
32. /etc/init.d/httpd restart
33. /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
34. /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart
35. /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
36. ;;
38. status)
39. /etc/init.d/httpd status
40. /etc/init.d/xinetd status
41. /etc/init.d/dhcpd status
42. /etc/init.d/cobblerd status
43. ;;
45. sync)
46. cobbler sync
47. ;;
49. *)
50. echo "Input error,please in put 'start|stop|restart|status|sync'!"
51. exit 2
52. ;;
54. esac
55. EOF
57. # chmod +x /etc/init.d/cobbler
58. # chkconfig cobbler on

3. Cobbler的命令行管理

3.1 查看命令帮助

1. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler
2. usage
3. =====
4. cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ...
5. [add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]
6. cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help]
7. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --help # 导入镜像
8. Usage: cobbler [options]
10. Options:
11. -h, --help show this help message and exit
12. --arch=ARCH OS architecture being imported
13. --breed=BREED the breed being imported
14. --os-version=OS_VERSION
15. the version being imported
16. --path=PATH local path or rsync location
17. --name=NAME name, ex 'RHEL-5'
18. --available-as=AVAILABLE_AS
19. tree is here, don't mirror
20. --kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE
21. assign this kickstart file
22. --rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS
23. pass additional flags to rsync
25. cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
26. cobbler list 列出所有的cobbler元素
27. cobbler report 列出元素的详细信息
28. cobbler sync 同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
29. cobbler reposync 同步yum仓库
30. cobbler distro 查看导入的发行版系统信息
31. cobbler system 查看添加的系统信息
32. cobbler profile 查看配置信息

3.2 导入镜像

1. [root@linux-node1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ # 挂载CentOS7的系统镜像。
2. # 导入系统镜像
3. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
4. # --path 镜像路径
5. # --name 为安装源定义一个名字
6. # --arch 指定安装源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64
7. # 安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7.1-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败。
9. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro list # 查看镜像列表
10. CentOS-7.1-x86_64
12. # 镜像存放目录，cobbler会将镜像中的所有安装文件拷贝到本地一份，放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror下的CentOS-7.1-x86_64目录下。因此/var/www/cobbler目录必须具有足够容纳安装文件的空间。
13. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
14. [root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# ls
15. CentOS-7.1-x86_64 config
16. [root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# ls CentOS-7.1-x86_64/
17. CentOS_BuildTag GPL LiveOS RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
18. EFI images Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
19. EULA isolinux repodata TRANS.TBL

3.3 指定ks.cfg文件及调整内核参数

1. # Cobbler的ks.cfg文件存放位置
2. [root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
3. [root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# ls # 自带很多
4. default.ks install_profiles sample_autoyast.xml sample_esxi4.ks sample_old.seed
5. esxi4-ks.cfg legacy.ks sample_end.ks（默认使用的ks文件） sample_esxi5.ks sample.seed
6. esxi5-ks.cfg pxerescue.ks sample_esx4.ks sample.ks
8. [root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# rz # 上传准备好的ks文件
9. rz waiting to receive.
10. Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
11. Transferring Cobbler-CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg...
12. 100% 1 KB 1 KB/sec 00:00:01 0 Errors
14. [root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# mv Cobbler-CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
16. # 在第一次导入系统镜像后，Cobbler会给镜像指定一个默认的kickstart自动安装文件在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts下的sample_end.ks。
17. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler list
18. distros:
19. CentOS-7.1-x86_64
21. profiles:
22. CentOS-7.1-x86_64
24. systems:
26. repos:
28. images:
30. mgmtclasses:
32. packages:
34. files:
36. # 查看安装镜像文件信息
37. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64
38. Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
39. Architecture : x86_64
40. TFTP Boot Files : {}
41. Breed : redhat
42. Comment :
43. Fetchable Files : {}
44. Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
45. Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
46. Kernel Options : {}
47. Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
48. Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7.1-x86_64'}
49. Management Classes : []
50. OS Version : rhel7
51. Owners : ['admin']
52. Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
53. Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
54. Template Files : {}
56. # 查看所有的profile设置
57. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report
59. # 查看指定的profile设置
60. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64
61. Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
62. TFTP Boot Files : {}
63. Comment :
64. DHCP Tag : default
65. Distribution : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
66. Enable gPXE? : 0
67. Enable PXE Menu? : 1
68. Fetchable Files : {}
69. Kernel Options : {}
70. Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
71. Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks -->默认ks文件
72. Kickstart Metadata : {}
73. Management Classes : []
74. Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
75. Name Servers : []
76. Name Servers Search Path : []
77. Owners : ['admin']
78. Parent Profile :
79. Internal proxy :
80. Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
81. Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
82. Repos : []
83. Server Override : <<inherit>>
84. Template Files : {}
85. Virt Auto Boot : 1
86. Virt Bridge : xenbr0
87. Virt CPUs : 1
88. Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
89. Virt File Size(GB) : 5
90. Virt Path :
91. Virt RAM (MB) : 512
92. Virt Type : kvm
94. # 编辑profile，修改关联的ks文件
95. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
97. # 修改安装系统的内核参数，在CentOS7系统有一个地方变了，就是网卡名变成eno16777736这种形式，但是为了运维标准化，我们需要将它变成我们常用的eth0，因此使用下面的参数。但要注意是CentOS7才需要下面的步骤，CentOS6不需要。
98. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
100. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report CentOS-7.1-x86_64
101. Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
102. TFTP Boot Files : {}
103. Comment :
104. DHCP Tag : default
105. Distribution : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
106. Enable gPXE? : 0
107. Enable PXE Menu? : 1
108. Fetchable Files : {}
109. Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
110. Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
111. Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
112. Kickstart Metadata : {}
113. Management Classes : []
114. Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
115. Name Servers : []
116. Name Servers Search Path : []
117. Owners : ['admin']
118. Parent Profile :
119. Internal proxy :
120. Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
121. Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
122. Repos : []
123. Server Override : <<inherit>>
124. Template Files : {}
125. Virt Auto Boot : 1
126. Virt Bridge : xenbr0
127. Virt CPUs : 1
128. Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
129. Virt File Size(GB) : 5
130. Virt Path :
131. Virt RAM (MB) : 512
132. Virt Type : kvm
134. # 每次修改完都要同步一次
135. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync

3.4 安装系统

可以很愉快的告诉你到这里就可以安装系统了！

新建一台虚拟机，不解释，开机就可以看到下面的图片了！

有没有发现不美观的地方？

网址不是我的！改！

1. #修改Cobbler提示
2. [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
3. MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.zyops.com
4. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync # 修改配置都要同步

OK，现在好看多了。选择第二项就可以继续装机了。你可以让系统飞着，然后接着看下文！！

4. ks.cfg文件简析

文件大部分参数含义见kickstart文章，此处只讲一些不同的地方。同时可以参考模板文件。

1. [root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# cat CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
2. # Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7.1 by yao zhang
3. install
4. url --url=$tree  # 这些$开头的变量都是调用配置文件里的值。
5. text
6. lang en_US.UTF-8
7. keyboard us
8. zerombr
9. bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
10. # Network information
11. $SNIPPET('network_config')
12. timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
13. authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
14. rootpw  --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
15. clearpart --all --initlabel
16. part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 # CentOS7系统磁盘默认格式xfs
17. part swap --size 1024
18. part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow
19. firstboot --disable
20. selinux --disabled
21. firewall --disabled
22. logging --level=info
23. reboot
25. %pre
26. $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
27. $SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
28. $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
29. # Enable installation monitoring
30. $SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
31. %end
33. %packages
34. @base
35. @compat-libraries
36. @debugging
37. @development
38. tree
39. nmap
40. sysstat
41. lrzsz
42. dos2unix
43. telnet
44. iptraf
45. ncurses-devel
46. openssl-devel
47. zlib-devel
48. OpenIPMI-tools
49. screen
50. %end
52. %post
53. systemctl disable postfix.service
54. %end

5. 定制化安装

可能从学习kickstart开始就有人想怎样能够指定某台服务器使用指定ks文件，kickstart实现这功能可能比较复杂，但是Cobbler就很简单了。

区分一台服务器的最简单的方法就是物理MAC地址。

物理服务器的MAC地址在服务器上的标签上写了。

虚拟机的MAC查看

1. cobbler system add --name=oldboy --mac=00：0C：29：7F：2F：A1 --profile=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --ip-address=10.0.0.111 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=10.0.0.2 --interface=eth0 --static=1 --hostname=oldboy.example.com --name-servers="114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8"
2. # --name 自定义，但不能重复
3. # 查看定义的列表
4. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler system list
5. oldboy
6. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync

再次开机安装就不再询问选择了，直接安装。

6. Cobbler的Web管理界面的安装与配置

已经安装cobbler-web软件。

访问网址：http://10.0.0.7/cobbler_web和https://10.0.0.7/cobbler_web

默认用户名：cobbler
默认密码 ：cobbler

1. /etc/cobbler/users.conf # Web服务授权配置文件
2. /etc/cobbler/users.digest # 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件
3. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest
4. cobbler:Cobbler:a2d6bae81669d707b72c0bd9806e01f3
5. # 设置Cobbler web用户登陆密码
6. # 在Cobbler组添加cobbler用户，提示输入2遍密码确认
7. [root@linux-node1 ~]# htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler
8. Changing password for user cobbler in realm Cobbler
9. New password: 123456
10. Re-type new password:123456
11. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync
12. [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
13. 停止 httpd： [确定]
14. 正在启动 httpd： [确定]
15. [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
16. Stopping cobbler daemon: [确定]
17. Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]

以后就需要用123456这个密码登录了。

接下来的操作就是点点鼠标了。