• C#串口通信


    目录

    1、SerialPort类

    2、代码讲解

    3、实例


    1、SerialPort类

      命名空间:System.IO.Ports

      程序集:System(在 System.dll 中)

      构造函数:SerialPort()

      属性:BaudRate

         BytesToRead  接受缓冲区数据的字节数

         BytesToWrite  发送缓冲区数据的字节数

         DataBits     数据长度

         HandShake   握手协议

           IsOpen     该值指示 SerialPort 对象的打开或关闭状态

         Parity      设置奇偶校验检查协议

           PortName    设置通信端口

         StopBits     停止位

         ReadBufferSize    SerialPort 输入缓冲区的大小

         WriteBufferSize   SerialPort输出缓冲区的大小

         ReadTimeout  读操作是阻塞的,当读操作为未完成时的超时时间

         WriteTimeout     写操作是阻塞的,当写操作为未完成时的超时时间

      方法:Close

         Open

         GetPortNames       获取串口名称数组

         ReadLine     从读缓冲区读取字符串和NewLine

           WriteLine    将指定的字符串和 NewLine 值写入输出缓冲区

         Read

         public int Read(byte[] buffer ,int offset,int count)

                  buffer//将输入写入到其中的字节数

                  offset//缓冲区数组中开始写入的偏移量

                  count//要读取的字节数

                  返回值//读取的字节数

         Write 

     示例:

      1 using System;
      2 using System.IO.Ports;
      3 using System.Threading;
      4 
      5 public class PortChat
      6 {
      7     static bool _continue;
      8     static SerialPort _serialPort;
      9 
     10     public static void Main()
     11     {
     12         string name;
     13         string message;
     14         StringComparer stringComparer = StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase;
     15         Thread readThread = new Thread(Read);
     16 
     17         // Create a new SerialPort object with default settings.
     18         _serialPort = new SerialPort();
     19 
     20         // Allow the user to set the appropriate properties.
     21         _serialPort.PortName = SetPortName(_serialPort.PortName);
     22         _serialPort.BaudRate = SetPortBaudRate(_serialPort.BaudRate);
     23         _serialPort.Parity = SetPortParity(_serialPort.Parity);
     24         _serialPort.DataBits = SetPortDataBits(_serialPort.DataBits);
     25         _serialPort.StopBits = SetPortStopBits(_serialPort.StopBits);
     26         _serialPort.Handshake = SetPortHandshake(_serialPort.Handshake);
     27 
     28         // Set the read/write timeouts
     29         _serialPort.ReadTimeout = 500;
     30         _serialPort.WriteTimeout = 500;
     31 
     32         _serialPort.Open();
     33         _continue = true;
     34         readThread.Start();
     35 
     36         Console.Write("Name: ");
     37         name = Console.ReadLine();
     38 
     39         Console.WriteLine("Type QUIT to exit");
     40 
     41         while (_continue)
     42         {
     43             message = Console.ReadLine();
     44 
     45             if (stringComparer.Equals("quit", message))
     46             {
     47                 _continue = false;
     48             }
     49             else
     50             {
     51                 _serialPort.WriteLine(
     52                     String.Format("<{0}>: {1}", name, message) );
     53             }
     54         }
     55 
     56         readThread.Join();
     57         _serialPort.Close();
     58     }
     59 
     60     public static void Read()
     61     {
     62         while (_continue)
     63         {
     64             try
     65             {
     66                 string message = _serialPort.ReadLine();
     67                 Console.WriteLine(message);
     68             }
     69             catch (TimeoutException) { }
     70         }
     71     }
     72 
     73     public static string SetPortName(string defaultPortName)
     74     {
     75         string portName;
     76 
     77         Console.WriteLine("Available Ports:");
     78         foreach (string s in SerialPort.GetPortNames())
     79         {
     80             Console.WriteLine("   {0}", s);
     81         }
     82 
     83         Console.Write("COM port({0}): ", defaultPortName);
     84         portName = Console.ReadLine();
     85 
     86         if (portName == "")
     87         {
     88             portName = defaultPortName;
     89         }
     90         return portName;
     91     }
     92 
     93     public static int SetPortBaudRate(int defaultPortBaudRate)
     94     {
     95         string baudRate;
     96 
     97         Console.Write("Baud Rate({0}): ", defaultPortBaudRate);
     98         baudRate = Console.ReadLine();
     99 
    100         if (baudRate == "")
    101         {
    102             baudRate = defaultPortBaudRate.ToString();
    103         }
    104 
    105         return int.Parse(baudRate);
    106     }
    107 
    108     public static Parity SetPortParity(Parity defaultPortParity)
    109     {
    110         string parity;
    111 
    112         Console.WriteLine("Available Parity options:");
    113         foreach (string s in Enum.GetNames(typeof(Parity)))
    114         {
    115             Console.WriteLine("   {0}", s);
    116         }
    117 
    118         Console.Write("Parity({0}):", defaultPortParity.ToString());
    119         parity = Console.ReadLine();
    120 
    121         if (parity == "")
    122         {
    123             parity = defaultPortParity.ToString();
    124         }
    125 
    126         return (Parity)Enum.Parse(typeof(Parity), parity);
    127     }
    128 
    129     public static int SetPortDataBits(int defaultPortDataBits)
    130     {
    131         string dataBits;
    132 
    133         Console.Write("Data Bits({0}): ", defaultPortDataBits);
    134         dataBits = Console.ReadLine();
    135 
    136         if (dataBits == "")
    137         {
    138             dataBits = defaultPortDataBits.ToString();
    139         }
    140 
    141         return int.Parse(dataBits);
    142     }
    143 
    144     public static StopBits SetPortStopBits(StopBits defaultPortStopBits)
    145     {
    146         string stopBits;
    147 
    148         Console.WriteLine("Available Stop Bits options:");
    149         foreach (string s in Enum.GetNames(typeof(StopBits)))
    150         {
    151             Console.WriteLine("   {0}", s);
    152         }
    153 
    154         Console.Write("Stop Bits({0}):", defaultPortStopBits.ToString());
    155         stopBits = Console.ReadLine();
    156 
    157         if (stopBits == "")
    158         {
    159             stopBits = defaultPortStopBits.ToString();
    160         }
    161 
    162         return (StopBits)Enum.Parse(typeof(StopBits), stopBits);
    163     }
    164 
    165     public static Handshake SetPortHandshake(Handshake defaultPortHandshake)
    166     {
    167         string handshake;
    168 
    169         Console.WriteLine("Available Handshake options:");
    170         foreach (string s in Enum.GetNames(typeof(Handshake)))
    171         {
    172             Console.WriteLine("   {0}", s);
    173         }
    174 
    175         Console.Write("Handshake({0}):", defaultPortHandshake.ToString());
    176         handshake = Console.ReadLine();
    177 
    178         if (handshake == "")
    179         {
    180             handshake = defaultPortHandshake.ToString();
    181         }
    182 
    183         return (Handshake)Enum.Parse(typeof(Handshake), handshake);
    184     }
    185 }
    View Code

      示例结果

    2、代码讲解

      2.1、串口设置

        端口号、波特率、数据位、停止位、校验

      

    //检查是否含有串口 
                string[] str = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
                if (str == null)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("本机没有串口!", "Error");
                    return;
                }
    
                //添加串口项目
                foreach (string s in System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames())
                {//获取有多少个COM口
                 
                    comboBoxSerial.Items.Add(s);
                }
                comboBoxSerial.SelectedIndex = 1;//默认选择第一个COM1
                //添加事件注册
                Comm.DataReceived += Comm_DataReceived;
    
    //设置串口号
                        string serialName = comboBoxSerial.SelectedItem.ToString();
                        Comm.PortName = serialName;
    
                        //设置各“串口设置”
                        string strBaudRate = comboBoxBaudRate.Text;
                        string strDateBits = comboBoxDataBits.Text;
                        string strStopBits = comboBoxStop.Text;
                        Int32 iBaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(strBaudRate);
                        Int32 iDateBits = Convert.ToInt32(strDateBits);
    
    
                        Comm.BaudRate = iBaudRate;       //波特率
                        Comm.DataBits = iDateBits;       //数据位
    
                        switch (comboBoxStop.Text)       //停止位
                        {
                            case "1":
                                Comm.StopBits = StopBits.One;
                                break;
                            case "2":
                                Comm.StopBits = StopBits.Two;
                                break;
                            default:
                                MessageBox.Show("Error:参数不正确!", "Error");
                                break;
                        }
                        switch (comboBoxParity.Text)             //校验位
                        {
                            case "NONE":
                                Comm.Parity = Parity.None;
                                break;
                            case "ODD":
                                Comm.Parity = Parity.Odd;
                                break;
                            case "EVEN":
                                Comm.Parity = Parity.Even;
                                break;
                            default:
                                MessageBox.Show("Error:参数不正确!", "Error");
                                break;
                        }
    View Code

      2.2、接受函数

      如果接受的是以字符串格式发送的数据,则调用Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buf)将BYTE转换成String

      如果接受的是以HEX格式(16进制)发送的数据,则调用b.toString("X2")转化为16进制的字符串

    void Comm_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
            {
                
                int n = Comm.BytesToRead;//先记录下来,避免某种原因,人为的原因,操作几次之间时间长,缓存不一致
                byte[] buf = new byte[n];//声明一个临时数组存储当前来的串口数据
                received_count += n;//增加接收计数
                Comm.Read(buf, 0, n);//读取缓冲数据
                builder.Clear();//清除字符串构造器的内容
            
             
                    //判断是否是显示为16禁止
                    if (checkBoxHexShow.Checked)
                    {
                        //依次的拼接出16进制字符串
                        foreach (byte b in buf)
                        {
                            builder.Append(b.ToString("X2") + " ");
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        //直接按ASCII规则转换成字符串
                        builder.Append(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buf));
                    }
                    //追加的形式添加到文本框末端,并滚动到最后。
                    this.richTextBoxReceived.AppendText(builder.ToString());
                    labelGetCount.Text = "接受:" + received_count.ToString() + "字节";
            
    
            }
    View Code

      2.3、发送函数

      如果按字符串发送,这直接调用write(string)

      如果按16进制发送,则把字符串数组转换为按16进制转换为0-255的整数

    Convert.ToByte(value, numBase);
    numBase=16
    Converted '1' to 1.
    //       Converted '08' to 8.
    //       Converted '0F' to 15.
    //       Converted '11' to 17.
    //       Converted '12' to 18.
    //       Converted '30' to 48.
     private void buttonSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                if (checkBoxTimeSend.Checked)
                {
                    timerSend.Enabled = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    timerSend.Enabled = false;
                }
                if(!Comm.IsOpen)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("请先打开串口!","error");
                    return;
                }
                string strSend = richTextBoxSend.Text;
                int n = 0;
                if (checkBoxHexSend.Checked == true)//hex发送
                {
                    //处理数字转换·
    
                    string sendnoNull = strSend.Trim();
                    string sendNOComma = sendnoNull.Replace(',', ' ');    //去掉英文逗号
                    string sendNOComma1 = sendNOComma.Replace('', ' '); //去掉中文逗号
                    string strSendNoComma2 = sendNOComma1.Replace("0x", "");   //去掉0x
                    strSendNoComma2.Replace("0X", "");   //去掉0X
                    string[] strArray = strSendNoComma2.Split(' ');
    
                    int byteBufferLength = strArray.Length;
                    for (int i = 0; i < strArray.Length; i++)
                    {
                        if (strArray[i] == "")
                        {
                            byteBufferLength--;
                        }
                    }
                    byte[] byteBuffer = new byte[byteBufferLength];
                    for (int i = 0; i < strArray.Length; i++)
                    {
                        byteBuffer[i] = Convert.ToByte(strArray[i]);
                    }
                    Comm.Write(byteBuffer, 0, byteBufferLength);
                    n = byteBufferLength;
                }
                else//字符串发送
                {
                    Comm.Write(richTextBoxSend.Text);
                    n = richTextBoxSend.Text.Length;
                }
                send_count += n;
                labelSendCount.Text = "Send:" + send_count.ToString() + "字节";
             }
    View Code

        

    3实例

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/void0/p/4256196.html
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